八年级下册考点知识全面总结+单词默写表(4).docx
八年级下册考点知识全面总结+单词默写表1年级下册考点知识全面总结Unitlwhat,sthematter?1. Itrs+形容词+forsb.+todoSth.做某事对某人来说是的。It,simportanttodoSth.做某事很重要。It'simportantformetoeatabalanceddiet.平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.H'SeaSyt。d。Sth.做某事是容易的。It,seasyforustofindouttheanswer.找出答案对我们来说是容易的。2. 情态动词sh。UId的用法sh。Uld是情态动词,它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。意为"应该二should(应当,应该)用于所有人称,表示劝告或建议。eg.-Ihaveaverybadcold.我感冒很厉害。-Youshouldliedownandhavearest.你应该多喝水。,3. maybe与maybe(l)maybe是副词,译为也许、可能“,相当于"perhaps"。如:Maybehecananswerthequestion.也许他能回答刃B个问题。HemaybeisfromtheUSA,too.他可能也来自美国。(2)maybe中的may为情态动词,译为“可能是”。如:HemaybefromtheUSArtoo.他可能也来自美国。ShemaybeourEnglishteacher.她可能是我们的英语老师。4. few.afew.little、alittle的区别和联系:(1) few/afew用来修饰可数名词,few表示否定意义,没有,几乎没有;afew表示肯定意义,有几个。例如:Hehasfewfriendshere,hefeelslonely.他这里没朋友,他感觉寂寞。Thereareafeweggsinthebasket.篮子里有几个岁聋了、(2)little/alittle用来修饰不可数名词flittle表示否定意义,没有,几乎没有;alittle表示肯定意义,有一点儿。例如:Thereislittleinkinmybottle.Canyougivemealittleink?我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗?5. not.until直到(否定句)才动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词。Shedidn,tleaveuntilwecame.Hewentshoppingafterhegotup.=Hedidn,tgoshoppinguntil/beforehegotup.until/till直到(肯定句)动词为延续性动词Westayedheretill/until12o'clock.Unit2llhelpcleanthecityparks.1.短语动词小结常见动词短语结构有下面几种:(1)动词+副词如:giveup放弃;turnoff关掉;f熬夜这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放在短语动词后。(2)动词+介词如:listenof听;lookat看;belongto属于这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语。(3)动词+副词+介词如:comeupwith提出,想出;runoutof用完,耗尽(4)动词+名词+介词如:takepartin参加;catchholdof抓住2. each每个,各自的,强调事物的个别情况,常与Of连用every每个,每一个的,一切的,有全体的意思不能与of连用3. helpsb.(to)do帮助某人做某事helphim(to"ddShelpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事helphimwithEnglishhelpdo帮助做某事helpstudy4. spend.doing.花费做IspentadayvisitingBeijing.我花了一天的时间去参观北*5¼ospend.onsth.花费.在ISPent3yearsonEnglish。5. join参加(指参加团体.组织)如:jointheParty入党takepartin参加(指参加活动)如:takepartinsportsmeeting参加运动会6. runout与runoutof(1) runout(becomeusedup).其主语往往为物。如时间,食物,金钱,油等,本身就含有被动意义。HismoneysoonranOUt.他的钱很快就花光了。Ourtimeisrunningout.我们剩下的时间不多了。(2) runoutof主语为人,表示主动含义。Heisalwaysrunningoutofmoneybeforepaydayfflj总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。两者在一定条件下可以互换如:Thepetrolisrunningout.汽油快用完了二Wearerunningoutofpetrol.Ourtimeisrunningout.我们剩下的时间不多了。=Wearerunningoutoftime.7. workout(1)结局,结果为Thestrategiesthathecameupwithworkedoutfine.他提出的这个策略效果很好。(2)算出,制订出,消耗完(精力等)Heneverseemstobeworkedout.他好像永远不会疲乏似的。Heworkedoutaplan.他制订了一个计划。Ihaveworkedoutourtotalexpenses.我已经算出了我们总的费用。8. hangout闲荡闲逛Iliketohangoutatmallwit的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。9. beabletodo能,会hmyfriends.我喜欢和我beunabletodo不能,不会10. forsure确实如此,毫无疑问Youdon,thavemoney.Thatrsforsure.你没有钱,这是毫无疑问的。11. fill.with.使充满用填充Shefilledthebowlwithwater.她用水填满碗。12. handout分发handoutbananasgiveout分发giveoutsthtosb.分给某人giveupdoing放弃giveupsmoking放弃吸烟giveaway赠送捐赠giveawaymoneytokidsX第7页共119页givesb.sth.给某人某东西givememoney给我钱givesth.tosb.给某人某东西givemoneytome给我线13. helpsb.out帮助做事,解决难题(摆脱困境)夕一八Ican,tworkoutthismathproblem.Pleasehelpmeout.我不能算出这道数学问题,请你帮我解决。14. trainn.火车v.训练trainsb.todo.训练某人做某事Shetrainsherdogtofetchthings.她训练她的狗去取东西。15. atonce=rightaway立刻马上如:Doitatonce.马上去做。Ilgothereatonce/rightaway.我马上去那里。16. oneday有一天(指将来/过去)someday有一天(指将来)如:OnedayIwenttoBeijing.有一天我去了北京。SomedayIlgotoBeijing.有一天我将去北京。Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?1 .关于to的短语总结havetodosth.不得不/必须做某事needtodosth.需要做某事hatetodosth.讨厌做某事liketodosth.喜欢做某事wanttodosth.想做某事lovetodosth.热爰做某事forgettodosth.忘记做某事starttodosth.开始做某事begintodosth.开始做某事asksbtodosth.请某人做某事2 .-Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?-Yesfsure./Sorry,Ican,t.Ihavetodomyhomeworkfirst.-CouldIpleaseusethecar?-Sure./Certainly./Ofcourse./Nofyoucan,t.Ihavetogoout.在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中,常用could代替can,以表示礼貌,委婉或不确定的语气,而can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could看作can的哼或八以上两句中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请4帮助或请求允许时,除了canfcould之外,还可以用may,句子的表达方式也各有不同,可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例:Could/Can/MayIuseyourcarforaday?作允答可以各种各样:如同意可以说Yesf或Sure或Certainlyf还可说Yesf(do)PleaSe或Ofcourse,(youmay/can).或That,sOK/allright.如果不同意,可以说msorryyoucant.或mreallysorry,butIhavetouseittoday.要避免说No,youcanlt.这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。Unit4Whydon,tyoutalktoyourparents?1. get(1)买getsth.forsb.=getsb.sth.为某人买某物Canyougetsomefruitformewhenyougoshopping?=Canyougetmesomefruitwhenyougosho(2)得到,到达Wheredidyougetthebook?Whendidyougettheletter?Hegothomelatelastnight.(3)使,让,get+宾语+宾补使某人/某物怎么样Pleasegetyoucoatclean.Getyourmouthclosed.getsb.todosth.使某人做某事IgothimtocallJimyesterday.(4)(逐渐)变得Theweathergetswarmeranddaysgetlonger.Whydidtheteachergetangry?2. howabout/whatabout后跟名词/代词/动词ing形式。(D向对方提出建议或请求Howaboutgoingoutforawalk?(2)向对方征求意见或看法Howaboutsomethingtoeat?HowabouttheTVplay?Howaboutbuyingthehousenow?(3)询问天气或身体情况HowabouttheweatherinHainanIsland?Howaboutyourparents?Aretheylivingwithyou?(4)谈话中承接上下文mfortyyearsold.Howaboutyou?mfromBeijing.Howaboutyou?3. receive收到Thegirlwashappytoreceivemanygiftsonherbirthday.receivealetterfrom=getaletterfrom=heardfrom收到某人的信IreceivedaletterfrommyparentslastSunda=IgotaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.=IheardfrommyparentslastSunday.accept接受Hecouldn,tacceptoursuggestionsbutourgifts.Shewasverygladtoreceivetheinvitation.Ireceivedaninvitationtotheparty,butIrefusedtoacceptit.4. a6-year-oldchild一个六岁的孩子6-year-old是由数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,作前置定语,修饰后面的名词Childo数词+名词+形容词构成的复合形容词,中间的名词要用单数形式:afive-year-oldgirl一介五岁的女孩atwo-meter-longruler一把两米长的尺子aten-story-highbuilding一栋十层高的楼房atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本两英寸厚的词典5too.to.太而不宜3too后跟形容词或副词原形,to后跟动词原形,构成不定式句子的主语与动词不定的主语不一时,可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语forsboHeistooyoungtojointhearmy(军队).他年纪太(h,不能去参军。Themathproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.这道数学题对我来说太难了,做不出。too.to.可以与enoughto和sothat.转换.Sheistooyoungtodothework.=Sheisn,toldenoughtodothework.Tomistootiredtowalkanyfarther.=Tomissotiredthathecan,twalkanyfarther.6. payfspendfcostftake的区别(1) pay花费(多少钱),主语是人。sb.paysomemoneyforsth.Ipaid5000yuanforthecomputerlastweek.星期花了5000买电脑。(2)spend花费(多少钱或时间),主语是人。sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.Ispent5000yuanonthecomputerlastweek.Shespent2hours(in)doingherhomework.她花了2个小时做作业。(3)cost花费(多少钱),主语是物。sth.costsb.somemoney.Thisjacketcosthim200dollars.这件夹克衫花费她200美元。(4)take花费(时间),主语形式主语为It.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花费某人多少时间做某事Howlongdoesittakesb.todosth?花费某人多少时间做某事?IttookLiuHong2hourstodoherhomework.了2个小时做作业。7. sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep,fallasleepfbeasleep(Dsleep动词,睡觉,强调动作。Iamverytired.Iwanttosleep.我彳艮累,想睡觉。(2)Sleepingfsleep的现在分词,表示“正在睡觉。Donrtmakesomuchnoise.Thebabyissleeping.不要这么吵,宝宝在睡觉。(3) sleepy想睡觉的,困倦的。Iamalittlesleepy.dliketogotobed.我有点困了,我想去床上睡觉了。(4)asleep睡着了的。TheteacherfoundTomasleepinclassandkepthimbehindafterschool.老师发现汤姆上课睡觉,放学后就把他留了下来。(5)fallasleep强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程,不段时间。/Icouldn,tfallasleepuntilitwasverylatelastnight.我昨天晚上到很晚才睡着。(6)beasleep表示睡着后的状态,“睡着了,可以接一段时间。Hewasasleepforthreehours.他睡了3个小时。8. open(1)动词,打开,开业,开张,展现Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意我才巴窗户打开吗?(2)形容词,beopen开着的,开放的Onweekendstheswimmingpoolisopentothepublic.在周末,这个游泳池是对公众开放的。9. close动词,关闭,关上,合上closed形容词,beclosed关着的,关闭的10. encourage动词,鼓励,激励encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事Parentsshouldencouragechildrentodothingsbythemselves.家长们应该要鼓励孩子们自己动手做事情。11. progress名词,进步,进展makeprogress”取得进步,取得进展“Tornisnowmakinggreatprogressatschool.汤姆现在在学校的进步很大。12. takeaninterestin(doing)sth.对(做)某事感兴趣否定表达是takenointerestin(doing)sth.对(做)某事不感兴趣DoyoutakeaninterestinEnglish?你对英语感兴趣吗?Mostchildrentakeaninterestinplayingcomputergames.大多数孩子对电脑游戏很感兴趣。Wouldyouliketomakefriendswithus?你想利朋友吗?Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?1. arriveat到达(小地方)arrivein到达(大地方)reach到达getto到达IarrivedinBeijinglastnight.=IreachedBeijinglastnight.=IgottoBeijinglastnight.如果宾语是副词here,there,homef要把at/in/to省略。arrivehere/there/homegethere/there/home2. infrontof.在的前面(某一范围外的前面)inthefrontof.在的前面(某一范围内的前面)Therearesomebigtreesinfrontoftheclassromyfy1building.在教室的前面有一些大树。Ilikesittinginthefrontofthetaxi.我喜欢坐在出租车的前排位置。3. takeoff(1)起飞Whendidtheplanetakeoffyesterday?飞机什么时候起飞?(2)脱下(衣帽等)Hetookoffhiscoatassoonashewentintotheroom.他一进房间就脱掉了外套。(3)取消Theywilltakeoffthe5amtrain.他们取消了早上5点的火车。4. getout(of).从离开/出去/下来Acarstoppedandagirlgotoutofit.但从汽车/火车/船/飞机/马匹上下来,getoff.5. follow(1)跟随Ifollowedhimuphehill.我跟着他上了山.(2)沿着前进Followthisroaduntilyougettothepostoffice.顺着这条路一直到邮局.(3)听懂,理解Couldyouspeakmoreslowly?Ican,tfoil。WyoU.你能说慢点吗?我听不懂。(4)followsb.todosth.跟着某人做某事Pleasefollowmetoreadthestory.请跟我读这个故事。6. shoutat大声喊叫,多指因生气而非善意的大声叫喊Don,tshoutatthelittleboy.Heistooyoung.不要对他大叫,他还太小。shoutto大声喊叫,多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊Weshouldshouttohim,orhecan,thearus.我们应该朝他叫喊,否则他听不到我们的声音。7. happen发生,具体事件偶然的没有预见的发生(1) happentodosth.碰巧做某事Ihappenedtomeetoneofmyoldfriendsintheyp7Hiyesterday.昨天我在公园碰巧遇见我的一个老朋友。(2)sthhappenstosb.某人发生了某事Ancaraccidenthappenedtohimlastmonth.上个月他发生了交通事故.takeplace发生(1)按计划进行或按计划发生GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainrecentyears.最近几年中国发生了巨大的变化.(2)(运动/活动/会议等)举行ThemeetingwilltakeplacenextFriday.运动会将于下星期五举行。taketheplaceof代替,取代Plasticscansometimestaketheplaceofwoodandmetal.塑料有时能代替木材和金属.takeone'splace坐某人的位置,代替某人的职务Cometotakemyplace,myseatisnearthewidwl来做我的位置,我的座位靠近窗户。8. anywhere任何地方,常用于否定句或疑问句中.Didyougoanywherelastnight?你昨天还去了别的地方了吗?somewhere某个地方,用于肯定句。comeandseeme.Thenwe,Ilgooutsomewhere.来我家找我,然后我们出去逛逛。everywhere处处,到处=hereandthereIcan*tfindmypenthoughIlookedforiteverywhere.尽管我到处都找过了,还是找不到我的钢笔。11. silence名词,寂静/无声There,Snothingbutsilenceintheroom.屋内寂静无声。Keepinsilence.保持沉默.silent形容词,沉默的,寂静的Theoldhousewasquitesilent.这所老房子寂静无声。Thecatmovedonsilentfeet.那只描无声地走动着歹。A12. hear听到Canyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?你听到有人敲门了吗?(1) hearof听说,后接表示人或物的词Ihaveneverheardofhimbefore.我以前从来没有听说过他。(2)hearabout听说,后接表示事件的名词vejustheardabouthisillness.我刚刚听说他生病的事。Haveyouheardabouttheaccident?你听说了那场事故吗?(3)hearfrom收到某人的来信IheardfrommydaughterinNewYorkyesterday.我昨天收到在纽约的女儿的来信。13.主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语。是中最的之一.ThiswasoneofthemostimportanteventsinmodernAmericanhistory.这是美国历史上最重要的事件之一。XiamenisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.厦门是中国最漂亮的城市之一。13. experience(1)名词经验,不可数名词;经历,体验,可数名词Haveyouhadanyexperienceoffishing?你有钓鱼的经验吗?CouldyoutellusaboutyourexperiencesinAfrica?你能给我们谈谈你在非洲的经历吗?(2)动词经历,感觉Thechildrenexperiencedmanydifficultiesthistime.这次孩子们经历了许多困难.experienced形容词有经验的beexperiencedin/atdoingsth.=havemuchexperiencein/atdoingsth.做某事很有经验.Sheisanexperiencedteacher.他是一个经验丰师。/zHeisveryexperiencedin/atrepairingcars.他修车彳艮有经验。14. as.as.和一样两个as之间用形容词或副词的原形。Heworksascarefullyasshe.他和她一样工作认真。Sheisastallashermother.她和母亲一样高。notas.as.不如某人/某物Heisn,tas/sooldashelooks.他不像看起来那么老。Shedoesn,trunas/sofastasherbrother.她不如她哥哥跑得那么快。15. havefun=haveagood/great/wonderfultime=enjoyoneself玩得开心,过得愉快Didyouhavefunattheparty?昨天在派对上玩的开心吗?=Didyouhaveagood/great/wonderfultime?=Didyouenjoyyourself?have fun doing sth.开心做某事mjusthavingfunplayingtheguitar.我正开心的弹吉他呢。16. accident事故,意外遭遇Hewaskilledinanaccident.他死于一起意外事故.trafficaccident交通事故Manypeopledieintrafficaccidentseveryyear.每年有很多人死于交通事故。byaccident偶然,意夕卜地Wemetattheairportbyaccident.我们偶然在机场遇见。18.thinkabout考虑(某个计划)TheyarethinkingaboutmovingtoBeijing.他们考虑搬去北京。thinkof认为Whatdoyouthinkofthemovie?=howdoyoulikethemovie?你认为这电影怎么样?thinkover仔细思考Weneedafewdaystothinkoverthismatter.我们需要几天时间来考虑这个事情。19.感叹句what引导的感叹句(1)Whatabeautifulgirl(sheis)!多么美的姑娘呀!(2)Whatacleverboy(heis)!多么聪明的男孩呀!(3)Whatinterestingpictures(theyare)!多么美的图片呀!(4)Whattallbuildings(theyare)!多么高的楼呀!(5)Whatdeliciousfood(itis)!多么可口的食物呀!(6)Whatbadweather(itis)!多么坏的天气呀!规律:what+(a/an)+形容词+名词(+主语+谓语)+!名词为不可数名词或复数名词时,形容词前面不能有d/叫Chow引导的感叹句(7)Howheavytheboxis!多么重的箱子呀!Howfastheruns!他跑得多快呀!(8)Howcarefulthegirlis!多么细心的姑娘呀!Howwellsheplaysthepiano!她的钢琴弹得多好呀!20.过去进行时过去进行时的用法(D过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。Whatwereyoudoingat8:30thismorning?今天早上8点半你正在做什么?WhenIcalledhim,hewashavingdinner.当我打电话给他时,他正在吃饭。(2)过去某段时间正在进行的动作。Whatwereyoudoingfromseventonineyesterday?你昨天7点到9点在做什么?Iwasreadingthewholemorningyesterday.整个早上都在看书。过去进行时的构成(1)肯定句:主语+ was / were+动词Mg形式+时间状语。(2 )否定句:主语+ was / were+ not +动词ing形式+时间状语。(3 )疑问句:was / were +主语+动词ing形式+时间状语?肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were.否定回答:No,主语+was/were+not.Unit6Anoldmantriedtomovethemountains.1. Whatdoyouthinkabout/of.?SowhatdoyouthinkaboutthestoryofYuGong7=HowdoyoulikethestoryofYuGong?你觉得愚公的故事如何?2. Itdoesn,tseemadj.todosth.Itdoesn,tseemverypossibletomoveamount一座山给移掉好像不太可能。3. Thisisbecause.Thisisbecausehecanmake72changestohisshapeandsize,turninghimselfintodifferentanimalsandobjects.这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小,做出72种变化,可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。4. .so.that+从句Sometimeshecanmakethesticksosmallthathecankeepitinhisear.有时候他使金箍棒变得如此小以至于他可以把它放在耳朵里。5. Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.Becausetheyweresobigthatittookalongtimetowalktotheotherside.因为它们如此之大以至于走到另一边花费了很长时间。6. .not.until十从句直到才Don'teatituntilyougettotheforest.你们到达森林之后才能吃。-/乙7.shootV.射,身寸击,过去式shotHouYishootsthesun.后羿射日。shootatsth.瞄准/朝射击8.assoonas.就刚就Iwilltellhimthenewsassoonashecomesback.他一回来我就把消息告诉他。HetookouthisEnglishbookassoonashesatdown.他一坐下就把英语书拿出来了。9.AgodwassomovedbyYuGongthathesendtwogodstotakethemountainsaway.(1)moveV.打动;使感动bemoved(bysth./sb.)(被某人/事)感动wasmovesbyyourkindness.我被你的善良牛丁动了。(2)take(.)away(把)带走,拿走SomeonetookmyiPhoneawaywhileIwaswaitinginthestation.当我在车站等车的时候,有人拿走了我的iphoneotakeout带出去,拿出去taketurns(todo.)轮流做某事10. remindv.''提醒,使想起“,及物动词(1) remindsb.ofsth.让我们想起某事Theoldphotoremindsmeofmychildhood.这张老照片让我想起了我的童年。(2) remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事:Myparentsoftenremindmetostudyhard.我的父母总是提醒我要努力学习。1.1 1thinkitfsalittlebitsilly.我认为那有点儿傻。alittlebit意为有点儿,后加形容词,相当于alittle,abitThisisalittlebitdifficultforme.这对我来说有点难。12. turninto”把变成.”PleaseturnthisintoEnglish.请把这个译成英语。/Joanisturningintoaskilledmusician.技艺精湛的音乐家。琼正在变成一个固13. atothertimes平时,有时,在其他时候Atothertimeshedoesn,thavetogetupatall.平时他根本不必起来。Sometimeswewenttothebeachandatothertimeswewenttoclimbthemountains.我们有时候去海滩,有时去爬山。14. comeout(1)出版ThatmagazinecomesouteveryMonday.为B本杂志每周一出版。(2)出来,出现,开花Thestarscomeoutassoonasitwasdark.天一黑星星就出来了。(2)传出,真相大白Thetruthhascomeoutatlast.最后真相大白了。15. becomeinterestedin,对感兴趣=beinterestedin,后接名词,代词,动名词Ibecameinterestedinpiano.我对钢琴感兴趣。16. wholeadj.全部的,整体的WhOle后通常跟可数名词,前加thethismy等形容词性物主代词修饰Theoldmantoldusthewholestory.老人给我们讲了整个故事。all也指所有的,修饰可数或不可数名词,放在the/this/my等词前。17. bemadeof.由制成,看得出原材料;bemadefrom.由制成,看不出原材料。Unit7What,Sthehighestmountainintheworld?1. Itisadj.+(forsb.)todosth.Itisveryhardtotakeinairasyougetnearthetop.当你接近山顶时,连呼吸都会困难。2. .isbecause.Oneofthemainreas