外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit4Friendsforever基础知识及练习学案.docx

高二选修一Unit4Unit4SectionA1.inSDire&inspiring&inspired&inspiration(1) inspirev给(某人)创作灵感，激励，鼓舞，使产生(某种情感)；inspiresb.todosth.激励某人做某事；inspiresb.withsth.=inspiresth.insb.激起某人某种情感(2) inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的；(3) inspiredadj.受到启发的；(4) inspirationn灵感，启发灵感的人或事。练习：4.1 justpretendeditailwasn,thappening,andtriedtoasksome(inspire)questions.2.Dreamscanbearichsourceof(inspire)foranartist.3.1feel(inspire),anddliketoworkinthecompanywithsuchhighsocialresponsibility.2.1 fluence&influential(1) influencen.影响(力)，有影响力的人(或物)；v.影响，对起作用；haveaninfluenceon.对有影响；©undertheinfluenceof.在的影响下；agood/bad/big/strong/deepinfluence好的/坏的/大的/强大的/深远的影响；©influencesb.todosth.影响某人做某事；bestronglyinfluencedbysth.受到某事物的强烈影响。(2) influentialadj.有很大影响的，有支配力的练习：2.1 t,sclearthatherpaintings(influence)byPicassosofar.2.Whatinfluencedyou(choose)acareerinnursing?3.Sheisoneofthemost(influence)figuresinlocalpolitics.4 .AsHughgrewolder,she（影响力变小）andcouldn,tcontrolhim.5 .BuddhismfromIndiaenteredChinaalongtheSilkRoadand（对有很大地影响）Chineseculture.3 .displav.展示；n.展览，陈列，表演OndiSPlay展出，陈列（=onshow=onexhibition）；displaysth.tosb.向某人展示某物练习：1 .Theartist（向展示他的作品）hisfans.2 .Hispictures（在陈歹IJ中）attheartgalleryatthemoment.4 .cometolife（仿佛活着）开始动起来，变得更有趣，变得活跃；【拓展】：bring.tolife使更有趣/更生动；fu11oflife充满活力，精力充沛；CometOsb.突然被某人想起来；cometo.总计为，加起来是；COmetOanend结束，完结；COmetOOneSeIf苏醒过来；COmetOthePOint谈正题；COmetoaconclusion得出结论；©whenitcomesto.说到，在方面。练习：1.Hewantedtomakethecharactercomelife.1 .Itsuddenlycameherthatshehadbeenwrongallalong.2 .Sarah,scomingtoourclassmadeourclass（变得活跃）.4 .Hishumourandcharm（使课堂更生动）.5 .Don,tbeataboutthebush.Please（谈正题）.Smotionn.运，运动，示意动作，手势，提议，动议3etput.inmotion使开始；inmotion在运动中；makeamotion示意；propose/putforwardamotion提议。练习:1.Onegroupofmusclessetsthenextgroupmotion.2 .Theenddoorsarenottobeusedwhenthetrainismotion.3 .Oncetheprintingprocesseshave(开始),they,renotsoeasytostop.6 .compose&composer&ComPoSitiOn(1) composeV.作(曲)，撰写，组成，构成，使镇静，使平静；becomposedof.由组成/构成；COmPoSemUSiC/asong作曲/写歌；©composeone,sthoughts镇定下来；©composeoneself震惊；©composeapoem/speech写诗/演讲稿。(2) composern.作曲家；(3) compositionn创作,作品，作文，构成；练习：1 .Mozart,sbirthplaceandthehousewherehe(compose)TheMagicFlutearebothmuseumnow.2 .Televisionhastransformedthesizeandsocial(compose)oftheaudienceatgreatsportingoccasions.3 .Thesymphonyorchestraconsistsofeightymusicians.=Thesymphonyorchestraeightymusicians.4 .Emmafrowned,makinganeffortto(镇定下来)7 .belief&believe(1) beliefn.信仰，看法，新年，相信；havebeliefin.对.有信心；(2)haveholdthebeliefthat.相信.；inthebeliefthat.相信.；©beyondbelief令人难以置信；Contrarytopopularbelief与普遍的看法相反；(g)It,sone,sbeliefthat.=One,sbeliefisthat.某人认为。(2) believev.相信，信任believeinsb.=havebeliefinsb.信任某人练习：1 .Thoughtheyhavedecidedtocontinuetheirresearch,thedifficultiestheyarefacingarebelief.2 .1don,thavemuchbeliefhishonesty.3 .Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavethebeliefyouarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.4 .TheyrefusetocompeteonSundaysbecauseoftheirreligious(belief).5 .(与普遍的看法相反)，boysarenotusuallybetteratmathsthangirls.6 .Hecalledatherhouse(相信)shewouldlendhimthemoney.8.brinR0it使显现，使表现出，生产，出版，推出，把拿出来bringoutthebest/worstinsb.把某人最好的/最坏的一面显现出来；bringabout引起，导致；bringback带回，使回忆起，回复；©bringin引入，赚得，提出；beingup抚养，养育，提起，呕吐；beingforward将提前，提议；bringdown降低，使倒下，击落。练习：1 .Reachingintoapocket,shebroughtacigarette.2 .The20lhcenturybroughtrevolutionarychangesinourlifestyles.3 .Sometimesittakesacrisistobringthebestinpeople.4.Hisfatherdieswhenhewasyoung,andhewasbroughtbyhismother.9.soastodosth.为了做某事，以便做某事；否定形式：soasnottodosth.；不可放在句首。【拓展】：inordertodosth.为了做某事；否定形式：inordernottodosth.；(2)inorderthat.为了.，以便.；©sothat为了，以便，所以,因此。练习:1.Writehomeasoftenaspossiblesoas（relieve）yourmotherfromanxiety.2.Inorder（reach）thislimit,anumberoftechnicalproblemswillhavetobesolved.3.Kempknockedloudlysoas（hear）abovethenoise.4.Somecountrieshavebannedsmokinginpublicplaces（以便改善）publichealth.5.Wetalkedquietly（以免别人听到）.Unit4SectionB1.aPartfrOm除了外（还）,除了外（都）【辨析】：apartfrom,besides9exceptapartfrom=besidesprep.除了.外（还）；apartfrom=exceptprep.除了.外（都）。练习：1 .Yourcompositionisgood,（除了几处拼写错误之外）.选词填空：apartfrom,besides,except2 .Hehasnointerests,hiswork.3 .thesetwobooks,hehaswrittensomeplaysandfilmscrips.2.betiredfrom.因而疲劳（侧重于身体上的疲倦）；> betiredof.对感到厌烦（侧重于精神上的厌倦）；> betiredout疲惫不堪，筋疲力尽练习：1 .Thatnight,wewerevery（tire）fromourtripandwenttobedearly.2 .msotireddoingthesamejob,dayafterday.3 .mtired,becauseIhavebeenonmyfeetallday.3.determine&determined&determination(1) determinev.决心，决定determineon(doing)sth.决定(做)某事；determine+从句决定；determinetodosth.决定做某事，决心做某事。(2) determinedadj.坚决的，坚定的；bedeterminedtodosth.决心/决定做某事(3) determinationn.决心,决定；withdetermination坚决地练习：1 .His(determine)looksuggestedthathewouldn,tchangehismind.2 .(determine)totrainhisdaughterinEnglish,heputanadinthepapersayingWanted,anEnglishteacherforaten-year-oldgirl.3 .Ittakeshardworkand(determine)toreachthegoalsthatwewanttoachieve.4.He(下决心、)lookafterhisparentswell,sohemovedtolivewiththem.4.resDnsibility&responsible&irresponsible(1) responsibilityn.责任,负责,指责，义务haveresponsibilityfor(doing)sth.有(做)某事的责任；takeresponsibilityfor(doing)sth.承担(做)某事的责任；(3)asenseofresponsibility责任感；(2) responsibleadj.有责任的，负责的beresponsiblefor(doing)sth.对(做)某事负责(3) irresponsibleadj.不负责任的练习：1 .Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlawsforcingparentstotakemore(responsible)fortheeducationoftheirchildren.2 .Theyhaveresponsibilityensuringthattherulesarecarriesout.3 .Itistheirresponsibility(rescue)survivorsinthelandslide.4.He(应该为这次事故负责).5.Shefeels（很强的责任感）towardsheremployees.5abstractadj.（画、设计等）抽象（派）的，纯理论的，抽象的；n.抽象画，抽象派艺术作品，摘要，概要abstractartists抽象派画家；abstractconcepts抽象概念；abstractideas抽象观念；abstractdiscussion理论上的探讨；intheabstract抽象地，理论上。练习：写出下列句中abstract的含义1 .“Beauty"and"truth“areabstractconcepts.2 .Amodemabstractpaintingtakesuponecompletewall.3 .Itmightbenecessarytosupplyanabstractofthereviewoftheliterature.完成句子4 .Sofarwe,veonly（抽象地讨论过这个问题）.6trendn趋势，动向a/thetrendtowards.朝的趋势；followthetrend追随趋势；Setthetrend开创潮流；Ontrend流行的。练习：1 .Therehasbeenatrendhiringyounger,cheaperemployees.2 .Herlongskirtisrighttrendthiswinter.3 .Theyouthliketo（追随最新趋势）infashion.7contrastn.反差，对比；v形成对照，形成对比incontrastto/with.与形成对比；bycontrast相比之下；COntraStWith.与形成对比；COntrast.With.把与进行对比。练习：1 .Whenyoulookattheirnewsystem,oursseemsveryold-fashionedcontrast.2 .ItisinterestingtocontrasttheBritishlegalsystemtheAmericanone.3 .Thecompanylost$7millionthisquarterincontrastaprofitof$6.2millionayearearlier.4 .Thesnowwasicyandwhite,(contrast)withthebrilliantblue8.1 tWaSwtUIItiL.that直到才>Itwasnotuntil.that.是notUntiI结构套在强调句型“Itwas+被强调部分+that+其他部分中的复合句式；>在not.until.结构中，not用在主句的谓语结构之中，常用来否定非延续性动词；Imtil作介词时，后面接表示时间概念的词或名词性短语；UntiI做连词时，后面接时间状语从句，构成一个主从复合句；整个句子常翻译成“直到才练习:将下列句子改成强调句1.Tomwasnotallowedtoplaycomputergamesuntilhefinishedhishomework.=hewasallowedtoplaycomputergames.完成句子2. （直到我来到这里）thatIrealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.9.Therebe+sbsth.+doinRsth.（+地点状语）（某地）有某人或某物正在做某事其中doingsth.是后置定语，与其修饰的sb./sth.是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示人或物与动作是主动关系。练习:1 .Therearesomestudents(go)tostudyabroadinourschoolthisyear.2 .Therewasawallet(lie)onthefloor.3 .(有一个人在等你)attheschoolgatenow.l().bcabouttodosth,正要做某事表示即将发生的动作，在时间上指最近的将来，常与When连用构成句式：Sb.wasabouttodo.when.,表示“某人正要做.这时【拓展】：betodosth.将要做某事；beonthepointofdoingsth.正要做某事。练习：1.Nooneknowswhatisabout(happen).2.Sheopenedhereyesandwasabouttocryoutsheheardherfatherurgentlytellinghertokeepquite.3.Oneday,I(正要去购物，这时)hetelephonedme.Unit4_SectionC1.conSider&CoIlSicIeration&considerate&CoilSidering(1) considerv.认为，以为，觉得，仔细考虑，细想(Dconsidersb./sth.(tobeas)sth.认为某人/某物是；ConSider(that).认为；ConSiderdoingSth.考虑做某事；allthingsconsidered从各方面看来，考虑到所有情况。(2) considerationn.U体谅，体贴，考虑©showconsiderationfor.体谅；©underconsideration在考虑中；©take.intoconsideration考虑到，顾及。(3) considerateadj.考虑周到的，体贴的beconsideratetowards.对体贴;It'sconsiderateofsb.todosth.某人做某事真是体贴。(4) consideringprep.&conj.考虑到，鉴于练习：1.Theyoungmanwasconsidered(have)agreatfuture.4.1 tisconsideredthebestnovelofthecentury.4.2 aveyouconsidered(take)upbusinessstudiesatnightschool?4.3 tisdifficulttoimaginehisacceptingthedecisionwithoutany（consider）.5 .He（在考虑下一步怎么办）.6 .He（认为自己是专家）onthesubject.7 .Thecandidate,sexperience（必须被考虑）.8 .（考虑到所有情况），heisamodestandreliableman.2cometo（Qne，s）mind突然出现在（某人）脑海里，立即被想到>同义短语：occurtosb.,hitsb.,cometosb.,strikesb.【拓展】：mind其他短语bringcall.tomind使想起；keepbear.inmind把记在心上；keep/bearinmindthat.记住.；©keepone,smindon.专心于.；©makeupone,smind拿定主意，下定决心；broadenone,smind开阔心胸；Changeone,smind改变主意；IoSeOne'smind失去理智；With.inmind考虑到。练习：1.itoften（突然出现在我脑海里）thattheartistherselfshouldbeabeautifulladyfromShanghai.2.Whenwewerediscussinginfluentialmodernartists,threemanesimmediately（出现在脑海里）.3.Inmyownopinion,themorewetravel,themorewecan（开阔我们的心胸）4.1can,t（拿定主意）whethertocomeornot.3.1ihtIlP点亮，照亮，（使）流露出喜悦练习:1 .Therewasanexplosionandthewholeskylit.2 .Hiseyes(light)upwhenshewalkedintotheroom.4.1iterally&Iiteral(1) literallyadv.根据字面意思，的确，确实takesbsth.literally仅仅从字面上理解某人/某物；translate.literally直译；(2) literaladj.完全按照原文的，字面意义的IiteraIinterpretation字面解释；IiteraImeaning字面意思；IiteraItranSlatiOn直译，逐字翻译。练习：IJdiomsusuallycannotbetranslated(literal)intoanotherlanguage.2 .Don,t(逐字读报告)now.Justskimthroughit.3 .Stickingtothe(字面意思)can,talwaysgivetheproperreading.5.searate&SeParateIV&SeDaratioII(1) separateadj.单独的，独立的，分开的；V.分开，分离，脱离，分割，划分©separateAfromB把A和B分开；©separatefrom.和分开。(2) separatelyadv.单独地，分别地；(3) separationn分离,分开。练习：1 .He,sbeenseparatedhiswifeforayear.2 .Rubbishcaneasily(separate)andsortedintoplastics,glassandpaper.3 .Theywerephotographed(separate)andthenasagroup.4 .Theywerereunitedaftera(separate)ofmorethan20years.6.1eadto导致，造成，带来，通往，通向(to是介词)Ieadsb.todosth.使得某人做某事；Ieadsb.to+地点领某人到某地;Ieada.life过着的生活；©leadtheway领路，处于领先地位；Ieadtoone,sdoingsth.导致某人做某事；©leadtothetopofthehill通向山顶；takethelead领先；Ieadtoatrafficaccident导致一场交通事故。【拓展】“导致，造成”的多种表达:cause,resultin,bringout,contributetoo练习：1.Insuchcircumstances,informationitselfcanleadmarketfailures.2 .Failureoftenliesinlazinesswhilehardwork(lead)tosuccess.3 .Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief(catch).4 .rIbomuchworkandtoolittlerestledhim(complain).5 .Asweallknow,badeatinghabitsandalackofexercisemay(导致健康问题).6 .Clearly,thissurgerycould(使我失业).7 .accessible&access(1) accessibleadj.可进入的，可以使用(to是介词)beaccessibleto可以进入，可以使用(to是介词)(2) accessn.机会，权利，入径，通道；vt.到达，进入，使用have/getaccessto.有权使用，可以接近；gainaccessto.得到的使用权，获得接近的机会。练习：!.TheInternetisthebiggestsourceofinformationintheworld,andit,s(access)throughacomputer.2 .Thesedocumentsarenotaccessiblethepublic.3 .Theinformation（应该向所有人公开）8.takein领会，理解，吸收，欺骗，收留takeinoxygen吸入氧气；takeinone'swords理解某人的话;takesb.in收留某人；【拓展】take其他短语betakenin被骗，上当。takeapart拆开，拆卸；takeback收回，退回；takedown拿下，记下；©takeon呈现，雇用，承担；takeover接管，接任；takeup拿起，占据，开始从事;takeoff脱下，起飞，突然开始成功，休假。练习：1 .Fishtakeoxygenthroughtheirgills.1.1 (take)inbythesalesmanthecarturnedouttobeuneconomicalandunreliable.3.Ifthissweaterisnotcomfortable,Isuggestyoutakeitimmediately.4.Manybusinessstartedupbycollegestudentshavetaken.5.Someinsectstakethecolouroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselves.6.Toreadanarticleisonething,and(完全理解是另一回事).9distinct&distinctly&distinction&distinctive(1) distinctadj.清晰的，明显的，明显不同的，截然不同的bedistinctfrom.与有区别(2) distinctlyadv.清楚地,明白地，非常(3) distinctionn.区别,差别，优秀，杰出©make/drawadistinctionbetween.and.把.和区分开来,区别对待和.；asinger/writerofdistinction一名优秀的歌手/作家。(4) distinctiveadj.独特的，与众不同的练习：1 .There,saclear(distinct)betweenthedialectsspokeninthetworegions.2 .MarsissometimescalledtheRedPlanetbecauseofits(distinct)colour.3 .JamaicanreggaemusicisquitedistinctNorthAmericanjazzorblues.4 .(很明显)weshouldtellthedifferencesbetweentheprimarytasksandroutineworkinourdailywork.5 .Philosophersdidnotuseto(区别)artandscience.10(be)IIlIfamiIiarWith对不熟悉：> (sb.)befamiliarwith.(某人)熟悉；> beunfamiliartosb.为某人所不熟悉；> befamiliartosb.为某人所熟悉；练习：1 .Becauseheistotally(familiar)withthecity,Ihopeyoucangivehimnecessaryhelp.2 .Mygrandmagrewupinthecountryside,sosheisquitefamiliarallthecrops.3 .Hetalkedofotherculturesasiftheyweremorefamiliarhimthanhisown.11.whatever无论什么> WhateVer引导让步状语从句，相当于nomatterwhat；wh-ever这类词引导让步状语从句时，通常可以转换成“nomatter+相应的wh词”；> whatever,whoever,whichever既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性短语；whenever,wherever,however只能引导让步状语从句。练习:选词填空：whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever1.yousay,sheneverlisteners.2.1won,tbelievehesays,forIdon,tthinkheisareliableperson.3 .dayyoucome,wewillbedelightedtoseeyou.4 .dliketoseeyouit,sconvenient.5.1 willfindhimhemaybe.6.isresponsibleforthiswillbepunished.12.ratherthan而不是> ratherthan常被看作连接词，意为“而不是”，表示客观事实。加上后面的事实，有时被看作“介词短语作状语二其前后的成分在性质上应该一致，所连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、动词、形容词、介词短语、动名词和不定式等。> ratherthan连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与ratherthan前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。> ratherthan常用于构成特殊句式，意思是“宁愿做而不愿做©woulddo.ratherthando./wouldratherdo.thando.；©prefertodo.ratherthando.。练习：1 .Theyaimatqualityratherquantity.2 .Thestudents,ratherthantheirteacher,（be）toplayinthetournament.3 .Thesweatersheboughtwas（与其说便宜不如说漂亮）4.1prefertowalkthere（而不是乘公交）.5 .（他们而不是我们）responsiblefortheaccident.6 .He（宁可穷也不愿）makemoneybydishonestmethods.13.过去分词（短语）作定语单个的过去分词做定语时，常放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在被修饰词之后。及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示完成，不表示被动。过去分词（短语）作定语可转换成一个对应的定语从句。注意：有些过去分词作前置定语和后置定语时意义不一样J：themethodused所使用的方法；theusedcar二手车。练习：1 .Thispartoftheexamrequiresa（write）answer.2 .（speak）EnglishisasimportantaswrittenEnglish.3 .Theproblem（mention）atthemeetingneedsconsidering.4 .Theexperience（gain）inpracticewillbeofgreatvaluetous.5 .Thenewproductfinallypassed（规定的测试）.6 .Wecouldn,tagreeon（会议上讨论的任何问题）Unit4单元语法一非谓语动词作表语不定式、动名词、分词形容词（包括现在分词形容词、过去分词形容词）等，都可以用于系动词之后作表语。“系表结构”是句子的谓语部分，成为“复合谓语”。一、不定式作表语1 .不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容、目的等，从时间概念上说一般表示将来的动作。例：Heronlywishistohaveajobinanoffice.【注意】在下列情况中，作表语的不定式可以省略to：例：AllIwanttodonowis（to）drinksomewater.在例句中，主语部分含有实义动词do（包括do的其他形式），而且往往含有all,thefirst等表示“所有，第一”等概念的词语或what引导的主语从句。在这种情况下，作表语的不定式可以省略to。2 .“不定式作表语”和表将来的“be+不定式”结构是两个不同的概念，不可混淆。3 .不定式作表语的其他情况：在Seem,appear,ProVe,turnout等后，也可接不定式(尤其是tobe)作表语；在表示“变化意义”的系动词COme,get,grow后，也可以接不定式作表语。练习：1.Themotherofthelittleboywhowassufferingfromaseriousdiseasewas(live)everydaymerrily.2 .WhalIwouldsuggestis(put)offthepicnicduetotheterribleweather.3 .Medi