存在主义与虚无主义.docx

MasksandcharactersdepriveusofourtrueselvesHowcanweproveourexistence?TheNatureofHumanNothingnessHumanbeingsfallintoanihilisticstatefromthemomentofbirth.Idefinethissituationasthenaturalawakeningofhumannihility.Thisisbecausetheemergenceofindividualhumanbeingsinthisworldisonlyanaturalresultofthecontinuationofspecies.Thenaturewillburnthemostprimitivedesireinourinspirationandlethumanscontinuetopassongenesthroughthisway.Inthisprocess,naturedoesnotgiveeachindividualthemeaningandgoalofsurvival(Baiasu,2019).Thatistosay,inthestateofnaturalstructure,thehumanindividual,likeeveryflowerandgrass,appearsinacertainregionbychance.Theselivesevenunconsciouslycarryoutsomeactivities,andunconsciouslymovetowardsdeath.It,slikefishswimmingandhuntinginthewater,buttheydon'tknowwhytheyswiminthewatereveryday.Theappletreewillblossominspringandbearfruitinautumn,buttheappletreedoesnotknowwhyitshoulddotheseactivitiesrepeatedly.Thisstateisanihilisticstate.Itshouldbeemphasizedthatnothingnessisnotthatthereisnothingoranything,butthatallthingsandthingshavenomeaningforindividualsorthesurroundingenvironment(Broudy,2010).Naturetreatspeopleandothercreaturesequally,sothattheyarebornintoastateofnihilityasawhole.Thisstateseemstobearrangedbysomekindofforce,andallcreaturesfollowthesequenceandgoroundandround.PeopleusedtocallthispowerGod,andsomepeopleeventhoughtthattherewassomeself-consciousnessontheearthtocontrolandadjust.Butinshort,thispowerdoesnotgivemeaningtothelifeprocessandmakesthemfallintonothingness.However,unlikeothercreatures,humanbeingsaremorelikelytohaveself-awareness.Thiskindofself-awarenesswillguidepeopletorecognizethemselvesandothermembersofthesociety,andthinkabouttheirownbehaviorandthesignificanceoftheirexistence.InSartre,sview,thenihilityinwhichhumanbeingslivewillmakepeoplehaveasenseoffreedom,andthissenseoffreedomwillinsteadincreasehumansuffering.Thisisbecausehumanfreedomconsciousnessliesinthenaturalconfrontationofhumannihility.Humanfreedomconsciousnesshopestoleadhumanbeingstoescapefromthepainofnothingnessthroughideologicalstructure,includingtheconstructionofgoalsandvisions,sothathumanlifehasmeaning.However,humanphysicalconditionsareendowedbynature,includinghumanintelligence,physicalabilityandphysicalconditions(Serpil,2015).Theconstructionofhumanfreedomconsciousnessandbehaviorrunscountertothephysicalconditionsendowedbyhumannature.Eventually,humanswillexperiencedisillusionmentandotherpain.HumanmaskandthemeaningoflifeTheexistenceofhumanbeingsisobjective,andtheywillbedoomedtodiefromthemomenttheyareborn,justaseverylifewillhaveitsend.Manisapartoftheobjectiveworld,sohisexistenceisbasedontheobjectivelawoflife,whichisalsotherequirementofhumannature.Birthanddeathareuncontrollablebyhumanbeingsthemselves,andnaturedoesnotendowthemwithactivitiesandmeaningsthatshouldbepossessedintheattackofbirthanddeath.AsshowninthemovieMylinerwithAndre.TheconservativescreenwriterwhohaddinnerwithAndrehadaregularlifeeveryday.Hedidaregularjobeveryday.Thesamepaceandcontentoflifemadehimverycalmeveryday(Bao,2015).Thisalsomadehimunknownandaccomplishednothinginthesociety.BeforeencounteringAndre,theconservativescreenwriterdidnotseemtohavethoughtaboutthemeaningofdailylife.Henaturallyacceptedthedailyfixedlifepattern,andwasnotevenwillingtobreaktheregularlifethroughhisownfreeconsciousness.Or,theconservativescreenwriterdidnotusehisownsenseofautonomytoredesignhislife.Thelifeofascreenwriterispeacefulandstable.,Thiswayoflifecankeeplifesafeuntiltheendoflife.However,thiskindofcontinuationseemsmeaningless(Thomas,2010).Inotherwords,theendofthislifeatanymomentwillnothavemoreimpactonsocietyorlifeitself.Thisconservativescreenwriter'slifeandlifeareobjective.Hemayrepresentapartofthecrowd.Theobjectivelifeofthesepeoplehasnotbroughtanymeaningorvaluetotheirlives.Theirlivesfellintothenihilitydilemmaconstructedbyhumannature.Theyarelikeflowersnooneappreciatesorappletreesnoonepicks.Theydon'tknowwhatthecycleoflifeisfor,buttheyshouldquietlycooperatewithallthis.Idon,tagreewithSartre,sviewthattheexertionofpeople,sself-consciousnesswillbringpeoplepaininstead(Li,1989).Althoughthedevelopmentofhumanfreedomconsciousnessviolateshumannaturetoacertainextent.Human,sconsciousnessoffreedomisformedintheprocessofhumanevolutiontothinkaboutselfandthemeaningofothersocialmembersandsocialbehavior.Thisisformedbyhumanbeingsengaginginsocialactivitiesandcarryingouteconomicandsociallifeactivities.Wecancallithumansociality.Atthesametime,thesocietywillgiveusdifferentroles,andwemustassumethesocialresponsibilitiesgivenbymasksandroles,whichrevealourdifferentselves.Butmasksandcharactersdepriveusofourtrueidentity,becausewewillhavetoenduresocialroles.Forexample,asaChinese,myrolemustcontributetothedevelopmentofthecountryandthenation.Thisroleismeaningfulforthecountry,butitismeaninglessformepersonally.ThisisalsotheprocessthatIbegantolosemytrueselfasaperson.Weliveaccordingtotherolessetbysociety.Webecomedoctors,lawyers,accountantsandentrepreneurstofulfillthesuccessfulroledefinedbysociety.Inlife,Ineedtoplaytheroleoffatherorhusband.Butarethesecharactersourtrueselves?Obviouslynot.Humanbeingsneedopportunitiestogivemeaningtotheirlivesthroughfreewill.Justlikeinthefilm,Andre'slifeisinsharpcontrasttotheconservativescreenwriter.Andrelivesaveryfreeandunrestrainedlife.Healsooftenthinksaboutsomelifescenesthatordinarypeoplewouldnotthinkof,aswellastheproblemstheymightencounter,andthushewillgainalotofinsightsaboutlifeandlife.Andrewillalwaysdowhathethinksismeaningful,eventhoughthesethingsmaybeverydifferentfromordinarypeople'slives.BecauseAndrethoughtitwashisownlife,notothers*.Themeaningoflifeshouldnotbetheultimategoalofmakinglifelastlonger,becausetheexistenceoflifeisobjectiveandtheremustbeanendtolife.Althoughhumanbeingsareusuallyafraidofdeath,theyshouldpaymoreattentiontomakingthemselvesthinkthereisnoregretwhendeathcomes(Nankov,2017).Thiskindofoneisgiventohumanlifefromitsownperspectivethroughfreewill.Themagnitudeofthismeaningshouldbejudgedbypeoplethemselves.Thismeansthat,throughthelifetrackdominatedbyhumanself-consciousness,whetheritbringspaintopeopleshouldbeevaluatedbyindividualsthemselves.Forexample,whenapersonwas20yearsold,heoncewantedtosetupacompanyandregardeditasadream.However,aftermanybankruptciesandbusinessfailures,anduntiltheendofhislife,hewasunabletosuccessfullysetupasuccessfulcompany.Butwhethertheexperienceoffailurecausedhimpainornotshouldbedeterminedbythepersonhimself.Ifthispersonthinksthattheexperienceoffailingtostartacompanyisalsomeaningful,hislifecanbefundamentallydifferentfromthatofotherordinarypeople.Thenevenifhisdreamofstartingacompanyisfinallybroken,hislifeismeaningfulandhappy.Oritcanbesaidthatitispainfulforhimtogiveupstartingacompanyforfearofbreakinghisdreamandlivealifeofmediocrity.Fromthisperspective,itcanbeseenthatthemeaningofone'slifeandtheresultsbroughtaboutbyfreewillshouldbeevaluatedbytheindividualhimself.Eveniftheyencounterthesamefailureandpaythesamecost.Fordifferentpeople,itmayalsomeandifferentresultssuchashappinessorpain.Thedifferentchoicesofhumanlifeunderthefreewillbringusdifferentmeanings.Thisistheactionthathumanbeingstakethroughselfconfrontationagainstthenihilityofnature.SummaryMasksandrolesdepriveusofourpersonalauthenticselves.Natureonlygiveslifethetaskoftransferringgenes,anddoesnotgivelifemoregoalsandmeanings.Humannihilitycomesfromhumannature.Althoughhumanexistenceisobjective,itisalsoaccidental.Ifhumanbeingswanttobreakthisnihilityandobtainthemeaningoflife,theyneedtoendowthemselveswithsocialindependenceconsciousnessrelyingonfreedom.Theprocessofpursuingthemeaningoflifewillcertainlycost,andevenexperiencefailure.Thisisbecausethemeaningpursuedbyhumansocialityiscontrarytohumannaturalness.However,thisprocessdoesnotnecessarilymeanpain.Infact,themeaningoflifeandtheprocessofpursuingmeaningshouldbedefinedandevaluatedbyindividualsthemselves.ReferencesBaiasu,S.)2019(.BetweenTraditionalPhilosophyandPostmodernism:Self,MoralityandPoliticsinSartre,sExistentialism.PraxisInternational,3)1(,553-571.Broudy,H.S.)2010(.Sartre,sExistentialismandEducation.EducationalTheory,62)2(,87-94.Serpil,D.(2015).EffectsofQuantumTheoryonSartre'sExistentialism.KaygiUludagUniversitesiFen-EdebiyatFakiiltesiFelsefeDergisi,43(2),792-803.Bao,J.)2015(.Sartre'sTransitioniFromImaginationPhenomenologytoExistentialism.TheoryHorizon,6)1(,643-659.Thomas,B.)2010(.Sartre,ExistentialismandHUmaniSm.AoyHInstituteofPhilosophyLecture,22)3(,98-104.1.i,J.P.)1989(.SartreandMarxistExistentialism:TheTestCaseofCollectiveResponsibility.ReviewofPolitics,42)4(,336-375.Nankov,N.)2017(.Sartre,sTheoryofTemporalityinBeingandNothingnessinAnglo-AmericanAcademicDiscourse.ResearchReportsofKochiUniversity,22)3(,98-104.1.im,H.)2008(.AStudyontheJ.P.Sartre,sExistentialismicthoughtofPhysicalEducation.TheKoreanJournalofPhysicalEducation,7)2(,65-72.