北京故宫景点介绍中文及英文.docx

北京故宫景点介绍中文及英文中文版故宫，又名紫禁城,是中国乃至世界上保存最完整，规模最大的木质结构古建筑群，被誉为“世界五大宫之首。内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫后三宫为中心，以及东西两侧的东六宫和西六宫，是封建帝王与后妃居住之所，也就是俗称的"三宫六院"。故宫内珍藏有大量珍贵文物，据统计有上百万件，占全国文物总数的六分之一。故宫是世界上规模最大、保存最完整的帝王宫殿建筑群。它东西宽750米，南北长960米，面积达72万平方米，共有宫室9999间。这里原为明、清两代的皇宫，住过24位皇帝。故宫是明朝的第三位皇帝一一永乐皇帝朱棣于1407年开始修建的。仅就建筑工艺而言，如果你看惯了如今各地的仿古建筑，再看故宫，那你就能立刻领会什么叫“云泥之别故宫宫殿沿着一条南北向中轴线排列，并向两旁展开，南北取直，左右对称。这条中轴线不仅贯穿在紫禁城内，而且贯穿了整个北京旧城，故宫在这条中轴线上占有1/3的长度。用于建筑上的严格的对仗使故宫形成了一种丝毫不为左右的威势，并拥有自身独特且无法仿造的节奏感。故宫大体上可以分为两大部分，南为政治活动区，即外朝，北为生活区，即内廷。外朝的三座大殿太和殿、中和殿和保和殿是故宫里最吸引人的建筑。内廷是皇帝平日办事和他的后妃居住生活的地方，你会发现皇帝后妃的居处比不上苏杭园林那般惬意，但这里确实演绎过中国历史上最高级别的“阴谋与爱情。故宫博物馆院内陈列有我国各个朝代的珍贵艺术品，据统计达上百万件之多，占全国文物总数的1/6以上，其中很多是绝无仅有的国宝。故宫与凡尔赛宫、白金汉宫、白宫、克里姆林宫一道被并称为世界五大宫。北京故宫是世界上现存规模最大、保存最为完整的木质结构古建筑之一，是国家AAAAA级旅游景区，1961年被列为第一批全国重点文物保护单位；1987年被列为世界文化遗产。英文版TheForbiddenCityzalsoknownastheForbiddenCityzisthemostcompleteandlargestancientwoodenstructurecomplexinChinaandeventheworld,knownas"thefirstoftheworld'sfivegreatpalaces".TheinnerCourtiscenteredontheQianqingPalace,theJiaotaiPalacezthePalaceofEarthlyTranquilityandtheEastandwestsixpalaces.Itistheresidenceofthefeudalemperorandhisconcubine,whichiscommonlyknownasthe"Threepalacesandsixcourts".TherearealargenumberofpreciousculturalrelicsintheForbiddenCity.Accordingtostatistics,therearemillionsofthem,accountingforonesixthofthetotalnumberofculturalrelicsinChina.TheForbiddenCityisthelargestandbestpreservedimperialpalacecomplexintheworld.Itis750meterswidefromeasttowestand960meterslongfromnorthtosouth,withanareaof720,000squaremetersandatotalof9,999chambers.ItwastheimperialpalaceoftheMingandQingdynasties,where24emperorslived.ConstructionofthePalaceMuseumbeganin1407bythethirdMingemperor,YongleEmperorZhuDi.Justintermsofarchitecturalcraftsmanship,ifyouareusedtoseeingtheantiquebuildingseverywheretoday,andthenlookattheImperialPalace,youwillimmediatelyunderstandwhatis"thedifferencebetweencloudsandmud".ThePalaceisarrangedalonganorth-southcentralaxis,andspreadoutonbothsides,straightfromnorthtosouth,symmetricalleftandright.ThiscentralaxisrunsnotonlythroughtheForbiddenCity,butalsothroughthewholeoldcityofBeijing.TheForbiddenCityoccupies1/3ofthelengthofthiscentralaxis.ThestrictcontrastappliedtothearchitecturemakesthePalaceMuseumformakindofpowerthatisnotleftorright,andhasitsownuniqueandunimitablesenseofrhythm.ThePalaceMuseumcanbegenerallydividedintotwoparts:thesouthisthepoliticalactivityarea,namelytheoutercourt,andthenorthisthelivingarea,namelytheInnerCourt.Thethreemainhallsoftheoutercourt,theHallofSupremeHarmonyztheHallofCentralHarmonyandtheHallofPreservingHarmony,arethemostattractivebuildingsinthePalaceMuseum.TheInnerCourtwastheplacewheretheemperordidhisbusinessandhisconcubineslived.Youwillfindthattheresidenceoftheemperor'sconcubineswasnotaspleasantastheSuzhouandHangzhouGardens,butitdidplaythehighestlevelof"intrigueandlove"inChinesehistory.Accordingtostatistics,therearemorethanonemillionpiecesofpreciousworksofartfromdifferentdynastiesondisplayinthePalaceMuseum,accountingformorethan1/6ofthetotalnumberofculturalrelicsinChina,manyofwhichareuniquenationaltreasures.TheForbiddenCity,VersaillesPalace,BuckinghamPalace,theWhiteHouseandtheKremlinareknownasthefivegreatpalacesintheworld.TheForbiddenCityinBeijingisoneofthelargestandbestpreservedancientwoodenstructuresintheworld.ItisanationalAAAAAtouristattractionandwaslistedasoneofthefirstbatchofnationalkeyculturalrelicsunderprotectionin1961.ItwaslistedasaWorldCulturalHeritagesitein1987.