牛津上海版八年级寒假讲义第2讲-语态.docx

学习目标灵活运用八大时态的被动语态教学内容首字母Millionsoftreesarebeingcutdowntom_l_paper.Ifeveryoneusesalittlepapercarelesslyandthrowsitout,beforelongwewouldn'thaveanytreesleft.Otherthingsarealsobeingwasted,andpeopledon'tr_2_knowwhattodowiththehugeamountofrubbishproducedinbigcities.Soitisnecessarytoreducetheamountofwasteineverypossibleway.Youshouldalwaysthinkofreusingtheusablethingsbeforethrowingthemaway.Giveyourclothes,youdonotuseortheonesthataretoosmalltothep_3一Withinafamily,youmaypassonsuchclothestoyoungerbrothersorsisters.Ifyouwish,youcanusebuttonsorsockstomakedollsortoysforyourb_4_brotherorsister.Ifoneofthelegsofyourtableisb_5_.youcanhaveitrepairedinsteadofthrowingthetableaway.Ifyouwanttoc_6_forbetterfurniture,it'sbettertoselltheoldthingsorgivethemtootherpeople.TheycanusethemafterdoingsomerepairsV1make2really3poor4baby5broken6change中等题：Choose the best answer.时态语态考点2)3)4)5)We were in Qingdao last week andA. will haveB. have hadHello! Can I speak to Alice?Sorry. She isn't here right now. Shegreat fu C. hadA. goesB. will goHe,ll send US a message as soon as heto the shop. C. has gone in Sichuan.D. was goingA. is arriving Help! Wang QiangA. was having KevinB. will arriveC. arrivedD. arrivesB. had hadan accident.C. has hadD. will haveto work in his hometown after he graduated from university.A. goes 6)B. wentyou.C. will gothe film Harry Potter 5?D. had gone一Notyet.I'llseeitthisSunday.A. Did, seeB. Are, seeingC. Have, seenD. Do, see7)Wereyouathomeat9o'clocklastnight?Yes, I.a shower at that time.A.tookB.wastakingC.wastakenD.amtaking8)9)10)ThechildrenaP.E.classontheplaygroundwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.A.haveB.arehavingC.hadD.werehavingHow'sAnnie?Iherforalongtime.A.don'tseeB.won'tseeC.didn'tseeD.haven'tseen一Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?Sorry.Ididn'tcatchit.Isomethingelse.A.thinkB.willthinkC.wasthinkingD.hadthoughtKeys：15CCDCB610CBDDC提高题:1) Iwon'tforgetmyteacherbecauseshesokindtomesinceIcametothisschool.A.hasbeenB.willbeC.wasD.is2) ItoCapeTownsoIknownothingaboutit.A.don'ttravelB.won'ttravelC.haven'ttraveledD.hadn'ttraveled3) Nancyisnotingtothepartytonight.Butshemeshe'dloveto.4)5)6)7)8)9)10)A.tellsB.toldChadtoldD.istellingHasn'tBettyeyet?一No,andIforherfornearly2hours.A.waitB.waitedC.havewaitedD.hadwaitedItisreportedthattheUndergroundLineNo.3inourcityin2010.A.willbuildB.hasbuiltC.willbebuiltD.hasbeenbuiltDidyouseeagirlinwhitepassbyjustnow?No,sir.Ianewspaper.A.readB.wasreadingC.wouldreadD.amreadingFewstudentscanunderstandthesentenceuntilittwiceorthreetimes.A.explainsB.isexplainedC.willbeexplainedD.hasexplainedJohn,ourforeignteacher,leftNantongtwoyearsago,andIhimsincethen.A.don,tseeB.won'tseeC.didn'tseeD.haven'tseenNowthestudentseachanEnglishChinesedictionary.A.hasB.haveC.ishavingD.arehavingDidyouwashyourclothes?一No,IwasgoingtowashmyclothesbutIvisitors.A.havehadB.haveC.hadD.willhaveKeys：15ACBCC610BBDBC被动语态教学建议：】、引导学生分析主动语态与被动语态的区别【知识梳理1】语态1、两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。1 ）Weuseelectricitytorunmachines.（主动语态）2 ）Electricityisusedtorunmachines.（被动语态）中2.被动语态的时态形式被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。批注：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。常用的被动语态有下列几种时态形式。时间一般时进行时完成时现在am/is/areaskedam/is/arebeingaskedhave/hasbeendone过去was/werebeaskedwas/werebeingaskedhadbeendone将来will/shallbeasked过去将来should/wouldbeasked3 .被动语态的基本用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Somenewputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.这本书出版于1981年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。批注：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。4 .主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be+过去分词）。（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallthepeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremade（bythem）inthefactory.批注：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。中5.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带t。的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。批注：情态动词变被动，情态加be加“过分”，如若情态后带to,变后有t。才算数。例如：Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Yououghttotakeitaway.Itoughttobetakenaway.【中等题】1. Thegovernmenthasbuiltmanyparkingplacesforcarownersthisyear.（改为被动语态）Manyparkingplacesforcarownersbuiltbythegovernmentthisyear.（普陀区）2. Didtheyfindthepetcatafteraday,sSearCh?（改为被动语态）thepetafteraday'ssearch?（奉贤区）3. SomeneighborssawJackwalkinginthestreetlastnight.（改为被动语态）Jackwalkinginthestreetbysomeneighborslastnight.（松江区）4. ThevolunteerwillshowthevisitorsaroundtheDisneylandwhenitOPenSJ改为被动语态）ThevisitorswillaroundtheDisneylandwhenitopens.（长宁金山区）5. Ourteacherwarnedusnottotouchthechemicalsinthelab.（改为被动语态）Wenottotouchthechemicalsinthelab.（虹口区）Keys:havebeen、was,found;wasseen、beshown%werewarned【提高题1】1. There'snolighton一theybeathome.A.can,tB.mustn'tC.needn,tD.shouldn,t2. Youbetired.You,veonlybeenworkingforanhour.A.mustnotB.won'tC.can'tD.maynot3. ThisisTed,sphoto.Wemisshimverymuch.Heintheearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling4. Blackholesnotbeseendirectly,sodeterminingthenumberofthemisaroughtask.A.canB.shouldC.mustD.need5. Youknowheisnotgoingtoleiusleaveifwegettheworkdone.A.can,tB.maynotC.shouldn'tD.mustn,tACCAA【提高题2】6. ThevideowillshowthestudentshowtheGreekscapturedthecityofTroythroughatrick.（改为被动语态）ThestudentswillhowtheGreekscapturedthecityofTroythroughatrickbythevideo.（徐汇区）7. ManyparentsinChinadon'tallowthekidstohavetheirownbankCardS.（改为被动语态）ThekidsinChinatohavetheirownbankcards.（嘉定区）8. ThecaptainwillchoosetenboystoworkasVolUnteerS.（改被动）Tenboyswilltoworkasvolunteers.（浦东区）9. WewillbuildanewDisneylandinPudongNewArea.（改为被动语态）AnewDisneylandwillinPudongNewArea.（宝山区）10. Theywillproducemorecartoonfilmsinthenextfiveyears.（改为被动语态）Morecartoonfilmswillinthenextfiveyears.（闸北静安青浦）11. Teachershavegivengirlsthesameopportunitiesasboysinourschool.（改为被动语态）Girlshavethesameopportunitiesasboysinourschool.（黄浦区）12. SomeofourbadhabitscancausewaterPonUtiOn.（改为被动语态）Waterpollutioncanbysomeofourbadhabits.（崇明区）13. ThenewspaperswillpublishtheresultsoftheSUrVey.（改为被动语态）Theresultsofthesurveywillinthenewspapers.（杨浦区）beshownaren,tallowed,becaused>bebuilt%beproducedbeengiven>hechosen>bepublished【知识梳理2】被动语态特殊用法中1、短语动词的被动语态短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如： Sofarnocorrectconclusionhasarrivedat. Alltherubbishshouldbegotridof.2、"get+ed分词”的被动语态“get+ed分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如：Theboygothurtonhiswayhomefromwork.另外，“get+ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如：getdressed（穿衣服）getdivorced（离婚）getengaged（订婚）getconfused（迷惑不解）getlost（迷路）getwashed（洗脸）getmarried（结婚）3、能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一次只能由个宾语作主语，另一个宾语被保留下来。例如：Weshowedthevisitorsournewproducts.（主动语态）Thevisitorswereshownournewproducts.（被动语态）Ournewproductswereshowntothevisitors.（被动语态）能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如：TheteacherappointedhimLeaguesecretary.（主动语态）HewasappointedLeaguesecretary.（被动语态）4、被动语态与系表结构的区别 Thenovelwaswellwritten.（系表结构） ThenovelwaswrittenbyDickens.（被动语态）批注，表示这本小说写的很好，强调的是小说的性质；表示这本书是狄更斯写的。5、主动形式表示被动意义少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思WaSh（洗起来），clean（擦起来），cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read（读起来）,wear,feel,draw,write（写起来）,drive.例如：Thebookissellingremarkablywell.Thesongsoundsverybeautiful.Mywatchneedscleaning.（=Mywatchneedstobecleaned）.能像need这样用的动词还有：want,require,deserve等。 blame,let（出租）,remain,keep,rentIwastoblamefortheaccident.Muchworkremains. 在need,require,want,worth（形容词），deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.Thisroomneedscleaning.这房间应该打扫一下。Thisbookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。6、被动形式表示主动意义(for) ,be在这些短语结构中：bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from),befinished,bepreparedoccupied(in),getmarried例如：She is graduated from a famous university.她毕业于一所有名的大学。He married a rich girl.He got married to a rich girl.It is said that据说It is believed that.大家相信It is well known that.众所周知It is suggested that.据建议It has been decided that.大家决定7、习惯表达如这些：believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understandItisreportedthat.据报道Itishopedthat.大家希望Itisthoughtthat.大家认为Itistakengrantedthat.被视为当然Itmustberememberedthat.务必记住的是ItissaidthatshewillleaveforWuhanonTuesday.TheysayshewillleaveforWuhanonTuesday.【基础题】1把下面句子改成被动语态.1. MyfriendinvitedmetogotohisbirthdaypartylastSunday.(改为被动语态)(松江)Itogotomyfriend'sbirthdaypartylastSunday.2. Wemustputthiswarningsignoutsidethegateofthemuseum.（改为被动语态）（徐汇）Thiswarningsignmustoutsidethegateofthemuseum.3. Thetruckbringsvegetableshereeverymorning.（改为被动语态）Vegetableshereeverymorning.4. NowadayspeoplespendalotoftimeonmobilephonesOrIaPtoPS.（改为被动语态）Nowadaysalotoftimeonmobilephonesorlaptops.5. OurteachersoftenaskusnottospendtoomuchtimeontheInternet（改为被动语态）WeoftennottospendtoomuchtimeontheInternet.6. Inthisestate,wemustkeepthenoiseunder50dbs（分贝）.（改成被动语态）Thenoisemustunder50dbsinthisestate.7. TheworkershanglotsoflanternsonbothsidesofthestreeteveryNationalDay.（改为被动语态）LotsoflanternsonbothsidesofthestreeteveryNationalDay.8. TheprofessormentionedausefultooltohelpusIhink.（改为被动语态）Ausefultoolbytheprofessortohelpusthink.9. Theputersystemwillkeepyourticketsforthreedays.（改为被动语态）Yourticketswillbytheputersystemforthreedays.10. Wewillbuildalargeswimmingpoolinourneighborhoodnextyear.（改为被动语态）Alargeswimmingpoolwillinourneighborhoodnextyear.1. wasinvited,2.beput3arebrought4.isspentaskedbekept7,arehung8.wasmentioned9.bekept10.bebuilt【中等题】1 .Thestudentshaveperformedtheplay4tSoundOfMUSic"fbryears.（改为被动语态）TheplayttSoundofMusic"performedbythestudentsforyears.2. OurgovernmentwillsendsomevolunteerstoAfricatohelpthepeoplethere.（改成被动语态）SomevolunteerswilltoAfricatohelpthepeoplethere.3. MyfriendJoneswrotesomearticlesaboutmemoryIaStmonth.（改为被动句）SomearticlesaboutmemorybymyfriendJoneslastmonth.4. Studentsreadsomeinformationaboutmemoryinthelibraryyesterday.（改为被动语态）Someinformationaboutmemoryinthelibraryyesterdaybystudents.5. Thestudentsondutywillcleanthelabaftertheexperiment.（改为被动语态）Thelabwillbythestudentsondutyaftertheexperiment.6. ADutchartistFlorentijinHofmandesignedthefamousbigyellowrubberduck.（改为被动语态）ThefamousbigyellowrubberduckbyaDutchartistFlorentijinHofman.7. Peopleinourvillagethrewawayagreatnumberofplasticbagslastyear.（被动语态）Agreatnumberofplasticbagsawayinourvillagelastyear.8. Factoriesthrewrubbishintoriversafewyearsago.（改为被动语态）Rubbishintoriversbyfactoriesafewyearsago.9. Youmustnotwastewater.（改为被动语态）Watermustnot.10. Eachyear,peopleaddnewrecordstotheGuinnessBookofRecords.（改为被动语态）Eachyear,newrecordstotheGuinnessBookofRecords.11. WeusuallycallmathsthelanguageofSCienCe.（改为被动语态）Mathsusuallythelanguageofscience12. Theteacherofferedthestudentsolotofadvice。howtolearnEngliSh.（改为被动语态）ThestudentsalotofadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.13. Jimmyhaslentthenovelsthatheboughttohisfriends.（改为被动语态）ThenovelsthatJimmyboughtlenttohisfriend.14. Wedon'tallowpeopletosmokeanywhereinthebuilding,（改为被动语态）Peopletosmokeanywhereinthebuilding.15. Peoplewilltalkaboutthesafetyofgirlsduringthenextmeeting4改为被动语态）Thesafetyofgirlstalkedaboutduringthenextmeeting.Keys:hasbeen，besent,werewritten,wasread，becleaned，wasdesigned，werethrown,wasthrown，bewasted,wereadded»iscalled>wereoffered,havebeen,aren,tallowed,willbe【提高题】1.1 tistheonlytimeinhistorythattwoNobeIPrizestothesameperson.A.havebeengivenB.hadbeengivenC.havegivenD.willgive2.Studentstakingthecoursetofinishtheirhomeworkwiththehelpofputers.A.areencouragedB.haveencouragedC.areencouragingD.hadbeenencouraged3.1 nmiddleschoolsalloverChina,boysnottoweartheirhairlong.A.willberequestedB.haverequestedC.arerequestingD.arerequested4 .Peter,wouldyoulikeabeertogowithyourmeal?Sure,it.A.orderedB.wasorderedC.hasbeenorderedD.hasordered5 .Theattackerswerearrestedanddidn,tknowwherethey.A.wouldtakeB.aretakenC.werebeingtakenD.willbetaken6 .WhencanIgetmycarback?一Ithinkitsometimelatertoday.Givemeacallaround3o,clock.A.willbefinishedB.finishesC.willfinishD.willbefinishing7.Whenshecalledathisstudio,shethathehadgonetoJapan.A.istoldB.wastoldC.tellsD.told8.Whathappenedtothesaleswoman?Idon'tknow.Shearoundherethesedays.A.hasn'tseenB.didn'tseeC.hasn'tbeenseenD.wasnotseen9 .CanyoutellmewhattimetheflighttoDetroitleaves?一msorry,butit.A.hasbeencanceledB.hadbeencanceledC.hascanceledD.hadcanceled10 .Flight331.dbetterbeonmyway.Goodbye.一Bye.Happylanding!A.isannouncedB.isbeingannouncedC.isannouncingD.hasannounced11 Janewaselectedchairmanofthemittee.Thisisthefirsttimethatawomantothepost.A.hasappointedB.hadappointedC.hasbeenappointedD.hadbeenappointed12 .Whatareyourrulesforcarryonluggage,Madam?-Youonlyonepieceofluggageontheplane,Sir.A.allowB.allowedC.areallowedD.wereallowed13.Sincetheendofthewar,manyofthepricelessantiquestotheirrightfulowners.A.havereturnedB.hadreturnedC.hadbeenrelumedD.havebeenreturned14 .AlthoughtheEiffelTowertolastfor20years,itisstillstandingtoday.A.hasdesignedB.haddesignedC.isdesignedD.wasdesigned15 .Mostofthetelephonelinesinthehurricanelastnight,andsotodayitsalmostimpossibletogetthroughtoanybody.A.destroyedB.haddestroyedC.weredestroyedD.hadbeendestroyed答案：AADCCABCABCCDDC阅读专题名人Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithsuitablewords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：（一）Goodbye,mycourt!InSeptember,2014,LiNa,Asia'sbiggesttennisstar,retired（退役、退休）fromtennis.Shemadethedduetothepaininherrightknee,butshesaidshehadnoregrets.mverys2withmytenniscareer.Idon,tfeelsorryorhaveanyregretsaboutretiring.”1.iNawasbornonFebruary26,1982inWuhan,Hubeiprovince.Shestartedtoplaytennisattheageofsix.The32yearoldisoneoftheg3sportsstarsinChina.Shewonthe2011FrenchOpen,b4thefirstplayerfromChinatowinaGrandSiamsinglestitle（大满贯单打头衔），andclinched（赢得）theAustralianOpentitleinJanuary,2014.1.ihastensofmillionsoffansinChina.Theycallher"BigSisterNa（娜姐）“and"GoldenFlower.”Afterhearingthenews,manypeoplesaidtheyr5herdecisionandwishedherbest.44WethankLiNa.ShehasbroughtmanyproudandshiningmomentstoChinesetennis.Aftertheretirement,Liwantstostartafamily.Shealsowantstoopenatennisacademy（学院）tohelpb6upthebaseforChinesetennis.Keys:decision;satisfied;greatest;being;respected;buildWords:1. retirev.退役、退休retirementn.退役、退休2. dueto由于、因为（后面常加负面的原因）eg:Thisaccidentwasduetohiscarelessdriving.事故的起因是由于他开车不小心。Thebossfiredhimduetohiscarelesswork.由于工作不细心，老板解雇了他。3. regretn.遗憾regretfuladj.后悔的、遗憾的Translation:1.吃完饭后，她露出了满意的笑容。（satisfied）Keys:Whenshefinishedhermeal,shegaveasatisfiedsmile.（二）ClassicChinesenovelwillbeAMCser