现在完成时(学生版).docx

现在完成时一、语法内容现在完成时主要表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或从过去一直持续到现在的动作。包含“已完成“与“未完成”酬意义。现在完成时由“主语+havehas+动词过去分词”构成。以WOrk为例：肯定式Hc/She/lthasworkedI/We/You/Theyhaveworked.疑问式Hashe/she/itworked?HaveI/we/you/theyworked?否定式He/She/Ithasnotworked或Hc/She/lthasn,tworked.或He'sShe'sIt'snoIworkedI/We/You/Theyhavenotworked.或IWeYOU/Theyhaven,tworked.成I'veWe,veYou,veThey,venotworked.否定疑问式Hashe/she/itnotworked?或HUSn'the/she/itworked?HaveI/we/you/theynotworked?或HaVerrtI/we/you/theyworked?表示过去已经发生或现在已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响。Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?你吃过午饭了吗？-Yes1Ihave.vejusthadit.一是的，我刚吃过。（说明现在饱了）Ihavelostmypen.我把钢笔弄丢了。（过去某时丢的，现在还没有找到）Ihavealreadywatchedthefilm.我已经看过这部电影了。Haveyoufoundyourlostpenyet?你找到丢失的钢笔了吗？一No.Ihaven'tfoundityet.没。我还没有找到它。温馨提示第1页（共7页）already,yet常和现在完成时连用，already用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末；汨用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中表示“还”，常放在句末。表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常和for,sine。连用，其肯定句的动词必须为延续性动词。Wehavelivedheresince2000.自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里。（说明一直住在这里，也许还会住下去）（1）just意为“刚刚”，表示动作刚刚结束，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。HehasjustebackfromBeijing.他刚从北京回来。ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?你曾经去过上海吗？（3）neve点为“从来没有”，常与before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。Ihavenevertraveledbyplanebefore.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅彳亍过。before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。Ihaven'theardofitbefore.我以前没有听说过这件事。SinCe+过去某个时间点或非延续性动词的一般过去时的从句，f。叶时间段。Ihavebeenheresince1990.从1990年起，我就一直在这儿。Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.自从你走后，已经发生了很大的变化。IhavebeeninBeijingfortwoyears.我来北京有两年了。（6）yzhavehasbeento+地点”表示“曾经去过某地”,ahavehasgoneto+地点”表示“已经去了某地'。IhavebeentoBeijing.我去过北京。（现在不在北京）HehasgonetoBeijing.他到北京去了。（在路上或者在北京）现在完成时动作去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词，非延续性动词在肯定句中不可和一段时间连用。我离开这所学校已经八年了。错误：Ihaveleftthisschoolforeightyears.第2页（共7页）正：vebeenawayfromthisschoolforeightyears.他借用我的词典已两天了。误：Hehasborrowedmydictionaryfortwodays.正：Hehaskeptmydictionaryfortwodays.不过，在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。Ihaven'tgonetoseehimforseveralmonths.我已经好几个月没去看他了。非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列两种方法:将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbeopenclosebeclosedbegin/startbeonCbeheregobetherefinishbeoverdiebedeadcatchacoldhaveacoldputonweargetupbeupwakeupbeawakefallasleerbeasleeplosenothavejoinbeinleavebeawayarrive/reachbeInarry/gelmarriedbemarried用句型曲is+一段时间+since从句（从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式）”表示。Itistwoyearssincetheoldmandied.这个老人死了两年了。二、法练习第3页供7页）It'snicetoseeyoueachothersince2014.A.won,tseeB.don'tseeC.haven'tseenD.didn'tseeThecouplenextdoorsincelastyear.beenmarriedgotmarriedC.gotmarried3Howlongyouthisbook?一Fortwoweeks.A.did;borrowB.have;borrowedC.have;keptD.do;keep4thefilmyet.seenB.haven'tseenC.didn,tseeD.won'tseeHurryup!Theplayfortenminutes,begunbegunbeenonWhereisMary?Shetothelibrary.C.hasbeengoneLily,whyareyoustillhere?Schoolisoverforhalfanhour.一Becausemytaskyet.Istillneedonemorehour.A.won'tfinishB.didn,tfinishC.haven'tfinished0.hadn'tfinished3 InotTomforalongishenow?A.do;seeB.have;seenC.did;seeD.does;see9 Myuncleisawriter.Hemanybookssincehewasyoung.writingD.haswritten10 Whatanicebike!Howlongyouit?Foronly2weeks.A.did;buyB.have;boughtC.have;hadD.are;havingeinourmiddleschoolforabout3years.studiedstudyRoseEnglishsince2002.She'sgotalotofteachingexperience.A.hastaughtteach13 Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.haseherestartedtoworklivedtherelefttheuniversity14 youevertoJapan?therewithmymumlastsummer.A.Do;goB.Have;been;wentC.Have;gone;wentD.ls;go;go15 Howlonghetodrawhorsesalready?Sincelastyear.A.did;learnedB.hasjearnedC.wasjearnD.doesjearnCouldIcleanthebedroomforyou?一No,thanks.Iitmyself.cleanedcleaningD.hadcleanedMyparentsShandongfortenyears.beeninbeentogonetoD.havebeenMr.SmithEnglishinourschoolsince1990.C.willteachtaught19 MissGreenisn'tintheetothelibrary.gonegobeen1 Mikesincehemovedtoanothertownwithhisfamily.A.didn'tB.don'tseeC.haven'tseenD.won'tsee第7页（共7页）