Explained《解释一切（2018）》第三季第四集完整中英文对照剧本.docx
有些狗狗很高贵narratorTherearesomedogssonoble,很英勇soheroic,它们为人类做出的贡献不亚于任何一个人they,vedoneasmuchforhumankindasanypersonhas.譬如莱卡为了帮我们开拓疆域而献出了自己的生命1.ikeLaika,whogaveherlifetoexpandourfrontier.这只狗可以算得上是newscasterThisdogmaywellbetheforerunner月球之旅的先驱者thatpointsthewaytojourneystothemoon.弗里达在碎石之下拯救了十几个人narratorAndFrida,whorescuedadozensoulsburiedunderrubble.给很多人带去了会有更多人得救的新希望reporter.givingsomanyrenewedhopethatevenmoreliveswouldbesaved.库诺因冒着枪林弹雨消灭了敌人narratorAndKuno,honoredforrunningaheadintoopenfire而受到表彰andtakingdowntheenemy.它在关键时刻拯救了生命He'dsavedliveswhenitmattered.如今狗狗们可以通过嗅觉辨识出新冠病毒narratorToday,dogsaresniffingoutCOVID,入侵物种invasivespecies,以及早期癌症andcancer,asearlyasstageI.它们会带领盲人Theyleadtheblind,在有人癫痫发作时帮患者缓冲头部撞击cushionpeople'sheadsduringseizures,并提供其他人力不能及的安慰andprovidecomfortwhenotherscan,t.很明显人类和狗狗的关系非同寻常Clearly,humansanddogshaveaspecialthinggoingon.快去manGo.然而它们当然不是脑子最灵光的动物narratorAndyetthey'recertainlynotthesmartestanimal.-barks-womanlaughsdogwhines也不是我们在动物界的近亲narratorOrourclosestanimalrelative.那么为何在地球上那么多物种里Sowhy,outofallspeciesonEarth,只有狗狗是人类最好的朋友呢？aredogsman'sbestfriend?这意味着我们又是怎样的呢？Andwhatdoesthatsayaboutus?thememusicplayingNETFLIX原创纪录片系列这只狗狗看起来很开心man1Itcertainlyappearsthatthedogsarereasonablycontent.每一只娇生惯养的贵宾犬man2Behindeverypamperedpoodle背后都是人类漫长的干预史liesalonghistoryofhumanintervention.这些小家伙们不知道去往何处但它们已经在路上了man3Littlefellowsdon'tknowwherethey'regoing,butthey'reontheirway.barking这是我们家的新成员比兹利小姐Here,sournewlittlebaby,MissBeazley.Oh.laughs剧名：狗manAreyouenjoyingbeingonTV?Youhavenoideahowfamousyouare.你喜欢上电视吗？你都不知道自己多有名都因为你的魅力所致That'spartofyourcharm.全世界大概有Thereareestimatedtobe八亿只狗狗over800milliondogsonthesurfaceofthisplanet.有一半以上是宠物GyllenhaalAndmorethanhalfofthemarepets.在我们这个时代We'relivinginatime人类正在导致成千上万个物种走向灭绝whenhumansaredrivingthousandsofspeciesextinct,但有那么少数几个物种butthereareahandfulofspecies想到了如何和人类和谐相处的办法thathavereallyfiguredouthowtogetalongwithpeople,而狗狗是这里面最典型的例子anddogsarethenumberoneexampleofthat.纵观狗狗和我们一起生活的方式Andthenwhenyoulookathowdogslivewithus,我们把它们照顾得多好至少在它们比较健康的时候howwellwetakecareofthem,atleastatitsbest,你会发现这还是不错的“狗”生Imean,it'sagreatlife.狗是第一种被驯化的动物Dogswerethefirstdomesticatedanimal.这有点出人意料GyllenhaalWhichissurprising.我们的祖先圈养了那多食草类动物Ourancestorshadalltheseniceplant-eatinganimalsroamingaround,却首先驯服了狼andyet,firstup,theytamedwolves,一种有可能杀掉他们的食肉动物meat-eatingpredatorsthatcouldkillthem.没人知道人类和狼是如何开始友好相处的Nooneknowsforcertainhowwolvesandhumansfirstgotfriendly,但一个比较主流的理论是butoneleadingtheoryis.这个食腐动物的假设讲的是Thescavengerhypothesistalksaboutthisidea人们会把吃剩下的肉丢给狼thatpeoplewouldthrowthatextrameattowolves,而狼就会产生一种联想andwolveswouldcreatethisassociation人类也不赖嘛毕竟他们会投食thathumanbeingsaren'tthatbad,throughfood.人类不仅消除了威胁GyllenhaalHumansdidn'tjustneutralizethethreat.还提供了一种全新的保护方式Wecreatedanewkindofprotection.如果你有狼伴你左右SchellSoifyouhavewolvesonyourside,就算是对抗其他狼evenagainstotherwolves,它们会发出警告提醒你说：“喂有东西来了”they'llprovidesignalsof"Hey,Somethingiscoming."在有类似ADT这种保安公♥司♥出现之前So,beforeADTbecameADT,right,狗狗就是保护我们安全的同伴dogswereoursecuritycompanions.正因为最友好的狼会得到最多的残羹剩饭GyllenhaalAndsincethefriendliestwolvesgotmorescraps,狼的驯化程度一代比一代更高overgenerations,thewolvesgottamerandtamer,从而完全演化成了一个新物种transformingintoanentirelynewspecies.在1959年In1959,俄♥罗♥斯♥科学家德米特里贝尔耶夫RussianscientistDmitryBelyaev试图在其他动物身上复♥制♥这种演化triedtoreplicatethatonanotheranimal.squeals他圈养了一群银狐Heroundedupabunchofsilverfoxes找到驯服程度最高的一对繁殖下一代andselectedthetamesttoparentthenextgeneration.然后他又对它们的后代和后代的后代做了同样的事Andthenhedidthesamewiththeirpups,andthentheirpups,周而复始andsoonandsoon.在培育了15代之后Fifteengenerationslater.这样选择的结果是曾经暴♥力♥又狡猾的狐狸inRussianTheselectionturnedwhatwereonceaggressiveandsneakyfoxes变成了和狗狗一一样友好的动物intoanimalsasfriendlyasadog.它们的生物指标发生了变化GyllenhaalinEnglishTheirbiologyhadchanged.它们的压力荷尔蒙Theyhadabouthalftheamountofstresshormones只有野生祖先的一半astheirwildancestors.分泌这种压力荷尔蒙的肾上腺Theadrenalglandthatproducesthosestresshormones变得更小了hadactuallybecomesmaller,而它们的血清素水平提高了andtheirserotoninlevelsincreased,这会提高动物的快乐程度whichproducedhappieranimals.它们的外观也发生了变化Theirappearancechanged,too.尾巴变卷了Theirtailsbecamecurlier,身体变得更圆润theirbodiesrounder,耳朵更软andearsfloppier,脸变得更有幼兽的特质morejuvenilefacialfeatures,可爱程度也增加了很多increasinglyadorable.这么说吧And,well,更像狗了morelikedogs.可爱的事物会解锁家长模式SchellCutenessunlocksthisparentingmode.譬如一个小宝宝对吧？一个很小的婴儿Soimagineababy,right?Areally,reallysmallinfant.你的本能就会涌上来Yourinstinctsaregoingtokickin想要保护这个小家伙towanttoprotectthatreallysmallthing.狗狗们用新的生存技能GyllenhaalDogsreplacedthesurvivalskillstheylost代替了已经失去的技能withnewones,卖♥♥萌属第一mainlypullingonourheartstrings.所谓的“狗狗眼神”CorenTheso-calledpuppydogeyesisanentreaty是狗狗恳求人类给予零食或爱抚时thatdogsseemtoreserveforpeople或它们想要的东西时togetsomething,togetatreat,togetapat,所采用的花招对其他狗狗没用orthatkindofathing.Doesn'tworkonotherdogs.你是不是不乖？womanAreyoubeingbad?我们总是会沦陷GyllenhaalAndwearesuckersforit.但你好可爱啊womanButyou'recute.一个收♥容♥所♥的研究表明GyllenhaalOnestudyatashelter哪条狗狗使用“狗狗眼神”这一招越频繁foundthatthemorefrequentlyadogusedthepuppydogeyes,它就会越快被领养themorequicklytheywereadopted.宝贝你准备好了吗？SchellRight,baby,areyouready?狗狗们成就了非凡GyllenhaalDogspulledoffsomethingextraordinary.坐下Sit.虽然语言不通GyllenhaalDespiteahugelanguagebarrier,但它们想到了跟我们沟通的办法theyfiguredouthowtotalktous.讲话Speak,-barks瞧？它就是这么沟通的它想吃零食了See?He'stryingtocommunicaterightthenandthere.Hewantsatreat.我会跟它讲话然后它Italkwithhimandhe.它就会按我说的做基本上就是这样的doeswhatIaskhimto.Basically,that'showitis.狗狗很容易就明白肢体语言It,seasytopickuponthebodylanguage毕竟你花了那么长的时间养育它们after,youknow,you'vespentsomuchtimewiththemraisingthem.跟我讲讲吧？你想要什么？谢谢Tellme?Whatdoyouwant?Thankyou.我们已经达成了一种默契So,wehaveasystemhere它想要什么的话一定会让我知道whereifhewantssomething,hewilldefinitelyletmeknow.它们会做出某种行为Theytendtohave,like,littlebehaviors来表示它们想要什么或想表达什么that'll,like,indicatewhattheywantorwhatthey'retryingtosay.但我不一定每次都猜对ButIdon,tknow.It'snotalwaysright.狗狗会表达很多种感情和欲望GyllenhaalDogscancommunicatedozensoffeelingsanddesires.但基本离不开这些Butherearethebasics.狗狗的叫声可以表达出一些信息Therearesomethingsyoucanlearnfromthedog'sbarks.首先要看看叫声是否比较尖锐Thefirstiswhetherthebarkishighinpitch.high-pitchedbark这是一只很开心的狗狗呢GyllenhaalThat'sahappy,happydog.或者比较低沉的叫声Orlowinpitch.low-pitchedbark警觉性比较高的狗狗GyllenhaalAguardeddog.接下来叫声是不是持续的？Thenextthing,aretherealotofthem?barkstwicequickly意思是“我感觉有压力或者很兴奋”GyllenhaalMeaning"mstressedorexcited."还是只是寥寥几声Oraretherefewofthem?barksquietly“有点意思”Gyllenhaal"Thisismildlyinteresting."叫声的模式也很重要Thepatternofthebarksisalsoimportant.barking那种叫声基本可以算是“呼唤伙伴们”的叫声Thatbarkisbasicallythe"callthepack'1bark.意思是“快来这儿瞧瞧”Itmeans"Comeoverhereandcheckthisout."但要记得狗是狼的后裔GyllenhaalButremember,dogsdescendfromwolves,如果它们发现了一头鹿却通过叫声引来了同伴andiftheyspottedadeerandalertedtheirpackbybarking.那它们可就没得吃了They'velosttheirlunch.所以狗狗发明了美妙的肢体语言技巧Sodogshave,infact,developedwonderfulbodylanguageskills.狗狗的尾巴可以充当感情晴雨表Thedog'stailservesasanemotionalthermometer,狗狗用它来表达的感受whichadogusestotellyouhowhe'sfeeling.是翘着还是聋拉下来？Isithighorisitlow?晃动的频率是怎么样的？快速还是慢速？Howisitwagging,okay?Fastorslow?你还可以从耳朵上读懂很多信息GyllenhaalYoucanalsoreadalotOfinformationintheears.暴♥力♥CorenAggressive.服从Submissive.放松Relaxed.人类读懂这些信♥号♥♥的确不困难GyllenhaalHumansareokayatpickingupthesesignals,但我们和狗狗的关系良好butourrelationshipworks是因为它们很懂得领会我们散发的信♥号♥♥becausedogsareextremelygoodatreadingus.狗的嗅觉本领发挥r很大的作用Thedog'sabilitytosmellplaysabigpartinthat.它们天生就懂得通过气味和鼻子理解这个世界Theyarereallywiredtotakeintheworldthroughodorandthroughtheirnoses.当它们吸气后空气不仅仅跑到肺里GyllenhaalWhentheyinhale,theairdoesn'tjustgototheirlungs.有一部分会分流到一个专门用作气味侦测的小腔体内Someofitsplitsoffintoachamberspecificallyforodordetection.这让它们可以边跑边闻Itallowsthemtorunandsmellatthesametime,这一点我们人类一点都不擅长whichwe'renotverygoodat根据品种的不同一只狗的嗅觉比我们要强GyllenhaalDependingonthebreed,adog'ssenseofsmellisaround10,000一万到10万倍to100,000timesbetterthanours.当它们散步的时候总是在留意Andwhenthey'reonawalk,they'realwaysonthelookout其他狗狗的尿液留下的气味forthescentofanotherdog'spee.或者如奥托医生所形容的Or,asDr.Ottowouldcallit.“嘘嘘邮件”当狗狗尿在柱子上时"Pee-mail."So,wheneverydogpeesonthepost,其他狗狗就会知道谁曾经来过这里它们的心情如何thedoggetsallthatinformationaboutwhowashere,whattheyfeltlike.狗尿就像人类的脸书一样GyllenhaalDogpeeislikehumanFacebook.它们可以读懂其他狗狗的年龄、性别Theycanlearnaboutanotherdog'sage,sex,心情、是否发♥情♥mood,availabilityformating.还有它们以前是否见过面Andifthey'veevermetbefore.我们所在的这个世界ThisworldthatWeexperiencehastheseextralayers有一个狗狗可以体会但我们却毫不所知的层面thatourdogsexperienceandwejustdon,tknowabout.但你走进一间屋子或许会发现GyllenhaalWhenyouwalkthroughthisroom,youmightnotice:这盆植物需要浇水了"Thathouseplantneedsalittlewatering."看样子我老公在沙发上待了一下午"Lookslikemyhusbandspenttheafternoononthecouch."他现在在烘焙点心是什么呢？巧克力曲奇吗？"Andnowhe'sbaking.Whatisthat?Chocolatechipcookies?"看样子这家伙今天过得很悠闲嘛"Seemslikehe'shavingaprettychillday."但当一只狗狗走进了同样一片空间它眼中的世界或许和我们有一点不同Butadogwalkingthroughthatsamespacemightseethingsalittledifferently.这棵植物生病了"Thatplanthasadisease."沙发上有臭虫"Therearebedbugsinthatsofa."妈妈来例假了"Momhasherperiod."爸爸在用鸡蛋香草精和面粉做好吃的"Dadismakingsomethingwitheggs,vanillaextract,andflour."而且他稍微有一些焦虑“Also,he'shavingalow-levelanxietyattack."（担心）（我帮你）狗狗可以察觉到我们的各种感受Dogscandetectallkindsofthingswe,refeeling.这也部分解释了它们为何如此适合当工作犬Whichmayexplaininpartwhythey'resucheffectiveserviceanimals.在她的世界里一切都很难以接受、很煎熬Everythinginherworldwasjustsooverwhelmingandsofrustrating.不能讲话并准确表达Andnotbeingabletospeak,notbeingabletoarticulate自己需要什么、想要什么什么事情会刺♥激♥到自己whatsheneeded,whatshewanted,whatshewasoverstimulatedby,她时时刻刻都饱受煎熬shelivedinaconstantstateoffrustration.克拉克一家有五个孩子GyllenhaalTheClarkeshavefivechildren其中有两位麦德和她的弟弟克顿andtwoofthem,MeadowandherbrotherColton,都有自闭症areontheautismspectrum.麦德最大的问题是MariaWithMeadow,thehardestpartwithherwas她要常常对抗自我伤害的行为shebattledalotwithself-injuriousbehaviors.譬如把脑袋撞来撞去试图打破家里的窗户Bangingherhead,tryingtobreakwindowsinourhome,把椅子摔来摔去slammingchairs.任何你能Anythingthatyoucan.几平任何她能碰触到的东西Shecouldgetherhandson,prettymuch.她也是一位很暴♥力♥的小孩MariaShewasaprettyviolentlittlekiddo.基本上所有的医学专家都希望我们可以把她送到特殊机构Basically,allthemedicalprofessionalswantedtodowastoputheraway.我们遇到一位医生跟我们讲Wehadonedoctorjusttellus对广我们来讲放弃抚养权可能会让我们好过一些itwouldbeeasierforustojustsignawayourrights把她交给看护中心这样我们就解脱了andputherintofostercare,andmoveonwithourlives.来吧开始了来啊可可JoeAllright,comeon.Let'sgo.Comeon,Coco.来一次快1.et'sdoone,comeon.然后克拉克一家得知了一种GyllenhaalTheClarkeslearnedaboutanewintervention对其他自闭症儿童很有效果的新型干预手段thathadworkedforotherchildrenwithautism.服务犬Aservicedog.它们被认为是介助犬MariaThey'reconsideredmobilitysupportdogs.（巫娜）当这个世界令克顿和麦德无法承受时ColtonandMeadowmightjustclosetheireyes他们就会闭上眼睛becausetheworldaroundthemisjusttoomuch.奥利就会带领它穿过一些地方Olliewilljustnavigatehimthroughhisenvironment.它们所做的不仅于此GyllenhaalAndtheydidmorethanthat.当孩子们感觉难以承受的时候狗狗们会轻推他们MariaWhenthekidsarefeelingoverwhelmed,thedogswillnudgethem.Iloveyou,Ollie.示意他们坐下Maria.cuethekidstositdown,它们会舔他们的手帮助他们冷静下来andthey'lllicktheirhands,andjusthelpthemcalmdown.Mwah!在麦德收养巫娜之后ThetransformationthatMeadowmade她的变化几乎是瞬间发生的assoonasshegotUnawasinstantaneous.她很快就不再打自己Shestoppedhittingherselfrightaway.巫娜就好像不仅感觉到了麦德的感受GyllenhaalItwasasifUnadidn'tjustsensehowMeadowwasfeeling,还理解得很透彻butreallyunderstoodit.好乖巫娜MariaGoodgirl,Una.孩子们感觉没那么孤单rGyllenhaalThekidsfeltlessalone.我感觉身为人母应该无所不知才对Ifeellike,asamom,you'resupposedtobetheonethatknowsitall.但我们的孩子这种状况真的很难Andwithourchildren,it'sreallyhard.何时做得太过了何时不够这种界限很难判断Youneverknowwhat'stoomuch,what,snotenough.他们的狗狗却知道Theirdogsknow何时可以上前亲上一口何时要退避三舍justwhentocomeinforakissandwhentobackaway.何时触摸得太频繁了何时不够Theyknowjustwhenatouchistoomuchandwhenit'snotenough.它们总是能把握得恰到好处ColtonGoodjob!-Theyseemtoalwaysgetitright.来抓住你的把手Comeon.Grabyourhandle.最新的研究提供了新的线索解释为何狗狗GyllenhaalAndarecentstudyoffersanewclueastowhydogs能在对待人类的感情上如此敏感seemsoemotionallyattunedtous.一个团队的研究员让一群志愿者AteamOfresearchershadvolunteerswatchclips观看会激发他们感受的影片designedtomakethemfeelthings.譬如闪灵中最吓人的部分1.ikethescariestpartofTheShining.强尼来了！Here'sJohnny!-screaming还有森林之王里欢乐且很有感染力的桥段.andthisinfectiouslyjoyfulscenefromTheJungleBook.简单的最低生活用品JThesimplebarenecessitiesJ并在此过程中收集他们的汗水.whilecollectingtheirsweat.之后汗水会被拿到戴有心脏检测器的狗狗面前Thesweatwasthenpresentedtodogs,whowerehookeduptoheartmonitors.这是人类害怕之后出的汗Thisisatubeoffearfulsweat,这是很典型的反应andthisisatypicalreaction.狗狗的心跳加速迅速跑到了房♥间的角落Thedog'sheartratespeedsup,anditscampersawaytoacorner.这只狗狗闻到了开心的汗水Andthisdogissmellinghappysweat.它开始摇晃尾巴跳来跳去想要玩耍Itstartswaggingitstailandjumps,asifitwantstoplay.狗狗们貌似会复♥制♥志愿者的感受Thepupsseemtomirrortheemotionsthevolunteershadfelt.当人们这么做的时候就是设身处地考虑别人的感受时Whenpeopledothat,reallyfeelingwhatsomeoneelsefeels,我们称之为“同理心”wecallthatempathy.脑袋对着镜头不是屁♥股♥Youhavetohaveyourheadtothecamera,notyourbutt.快点坐下Comeon.Sitbackdown.好了就是这样好乖Goodgirl.Thereweare.Goodgirl.好的我们又回来了Okay,we'reback.在心理学角度上对于给与动物So,inpsychology,人的特质这方面我们总是会很紧张we'reoftennervousaboutgivinganimalshumanqualities,我自己就曾经是一位坚定的批评者and1havebeenasterncriticofthatmyself.我个人的转折点是在扎霍斯进入到了我们的生活ThepersonalturningpointformewasbringingXephosintoourlives.你好啊亲爱的HeIlo,sweetie.并意识到这只动物的身上真的有非同寻常的特质.andrealizingthattherewassomethingquiteremarkableaboutthisanimal.并不是它的智商而是它超凡的感情能力Anditwasn,therintelligence,butitwasheramazingcapacityforaffection.于是对我来讲科学上的转折点就慢慢浮现出来了Thescientificturningpointformecameinpieces.2016年第一个转折点出现GyllenhaalOneofthefirstcamein2016.我给你准备了热狗真棒Igothotdogshereforyou.Excellent.有一位叫做格里高里伯恩斯的科学家他训练狗狗们WynneThere'sascientist,GregoryBerns,whohastraineddogs在核磁共振检查中一动不动tolieperfectlystillinMRIscanners.现在你就有能力Andsonowyouhavethecapacity拍摄到狗狗无比丰富todothesefantasticallyrich,detailedimages细节化的大脑活动图像这是前所未有过的oftheactivityinthebrainofadog,whichhadneverbeentriedbefore.走到头对真乖womanAlltheway.Thereyougo.Goodgirl.在核磁共振进行中伯恩斯团队的人给狗狗这个信♥号♥♥也就意味着GyllenhaalOnceintheMRI,Berns'teamgavethedogsthissignal,whichmeant.一块香肠送到嘴边WynneApieceofsausageisonitsway.另一个信♥?♥♥意味着GyllenhaalAndanothersignal,whichmeant.你爱的人类就在附近了WynneYourbelovedhumanisjustroundthecorner随时可能会出现andisgonnaappearinjustamoment.真棒啊佐伊你做得真好Greatjob,Zoe.Goodjob!在大多数例子中狗狗的奖励中枢都会出现同样的亮度GyllenhaalInmostcases,thedog'srewardcenterlitupthesameamount.有五分之一的狗狗Andoneinfivedogs.我们发现它们对于人类的期待WynneFindtheexpectationofth
