新版深圳牛津-七下-unit-7-poems-语法、句型--习题.docx

U7语法一、祈使句（imperatives）小".祈使句的定义及句式特征：定义：祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告或祝愿等的句子。它的特点是通常省略主语you,以动词原形开头，末尾可用句号或感慨号,祈使句没有疑问句的形式,一般只有肯定和否认两种形式。Goandwashyourhands.（表命令）Bequite,please.（Pleasebequiet.）（表请求）BekindtOyoUrSiSter.（表劝告）WatchyourStePS.（表警告）NoParking.（表禁止）IP2.肯定形式（动词原形开头）1）以系动词be开头的祈使句，这种祈使句的常用结构：be+形容词/名词Bequiet/quick!Beagoodstudent!Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.2）以实义动词开头的祈使句，这种祈使句的常用结构为：动词原形+宾语（+其他）。Comein,please!Pleaseopenyourbooks!Putthemaway!3）let型（Let+宾语+动词原形+其他）1.ethimdoitbyhimself.Letmehelpyou.1.et,sgotothepark.3.否认形式（一般在动词上否认，也可以用否认副词（never）来表示）1） be型【Don'tbe+其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语）】Don'tbecareless!Neverbelateagainnexttime!【注意】：在这种句型中，be不能省略否认副词not不可置于be之后2） do型（DOift+动词原形+其他）3） Don,tbelievehim!Don,tworry!Neverdoitagain!4） 1.el引起的祈使句有两种否认形式.Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他1.ethernotdothat.Let'snotthinkaboutit.It,sonlyawasteoftime.a） .Don,t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他Don,tletJimdothat.Don,tletusgo,please.4)在公共场合的提示语中，否认祈使句常用“N。+名词/V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。例如：NOPHOTOS!禁止拍照！Noparking!【注意】：1) .在表达请求或劝告时，有时为了表示委婉的语气，可以在句首或句末PIeaSe,但是如果please加在句末，应用逗号将其与前面的局部隔开。Sitdown,please.Pleaselookafterthetwins.2) .在意思比拟明显的情况下，可以把谓语动词省略。Thisway,please.3) .有时为了加强语气,可以在动词前使用do.Dobecareful!一定要小心!4) .有时为了强调对方，也可加上主语you,人名或everybody,anybody等不定代词。YousweepthefloorandIcleanthewindow.Standup,everybody.5) .有时为了明确向谁提出请求或发出命令，可加称呼语，但称呼语要与句子用逗号隔开。Puttheshirtonthebed,Jim.巾4.祈使句的反意问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问局部,通常有以下三种形式：1) .祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用WiIIyOu；表示邀请、劝说时，用WolfIyou。Besuretowritetous,willyou?你一定要给我们写信，好吗？Cometohavedinnerwithusthisevening,won'tyou?今晚来和我们,起吃饭，好吗？2) .祈使句为否认句式，其反意疑问句通常只用WinyOu。例如：Don,tsmokeinthemeetingroom,willyou?不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？.Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Lefs用shallwe外，其它均用willyou。例如：1.ettheboygofirst,willyou?让个那男孩先走，好吗?1.et'stakeawalkaftersupper,shallwe?晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？巾5.祈使句的答复祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以答复祈使句时，一般用Win或WOnL在答复具有否认意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：1)形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；NO与WOrft保持一致)2)意思相反(即YeS是“不”的意思：No是“是"的意思)。在答复时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如：Don,tgoout,please.It,srainingheavilyoutside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。-Yes,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。巾6.祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否认条件关系时，要用并列连词Or来连接。例如：1.eaveitwithmeandIwillseewhatIcando.把它留给我吧，我想想有没有方法。Hurryup,orwe,llbelate.快点，否那么我们要迟到了。二、感慨句（exclamations）守（一）、感慨句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感慨句句末通常用感慨号，读时一般用降调。小二）、感慨句的根本句型T¾型-JWhat+（a/an）+形容闻+名词+主语+谓语！Whatacleverboyheis!（他是个）多么聪明的男孩啊！Whataninterestingstoryilis!（这是个）多么有趣的故事啊！Whatfineweatheritis!多好的天气啊！Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!（它们是）多么漂亮的花啊！【说明】在感慨句中，WhataZan常用来修饰单数可数名词，假设其前面的形容词为元音开头，那么用anowhat是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名码,如侬凡Surprise,brgqkfqst,1卬3等工当前鱼有修容利修饰,.焦拉象名利县住化时.“郑么晏用NMIQ如：Whataheavyrainitis!多大的一场雨啊！Whatagreatsurpriseitis!这多么令人惊奇啊！Whatarichbreakfastitis!多么丰富的一顿早餐啊！I【句型二】How+粘容询/副询+主语+语语！Howwellyoulook!你气色真好！Howkindyouare!你心肠真好！Howbeautifullyyousing!你唱得真好听！Strawberries!Hownice!草莓！多好呀！Howclevertheboyis!这个男孩多么聪明啊！Howfastheruns!他跑得多么快啊！彳兑明how还可以修饰动词构成感慨句,一但动闻不提前o如：HowIwanttobeadoctor!我多么想成为一名医生啊！Howshedances!她跳得多好啊!感慨句型总结HOW+形容词+a+名词+其他成分！How+形容词或副词+其他成分！What+名词+其他成分！What+a+形容词+名词+其他成分！Whal+形容词+复数名词+其他成分！What+形容词+不可数名词+其他成分厂请看以下例子：It'saninterestingfilm.这是一部有趣的电影。Whataninterestingfilmitis!这是一部多有趣的电影啊！It'swonderfulweather.天气很好。Whatwonderfulweather!天气真好！HedidtheworkCareftIIly.他做这工作很仔细。Howcarefullyhedidthework!他做这工作多仔细啊！©Timepassedquickly.时间过得很快。Howquicklytimepassed!时间过得真快【难点1】Mha反感次商省略形容词IL当其中的名词带有形容词的恚味时【重点】Whalluck!真幸运！Whalfools!真是些笨蛋！Whatasurprise!真是意想不到！Whatfunwecouldhave!我们玩得多开心啊2 .当进行批评讦Whatnonsense!一派胡言！Whatashame!多可耻（惜）！Whatamess!多么脏乱啊！3 .当表示强调或夸张时Oh,whatalie!啊，多大的谎话！Whalanight!多糟糕的一个晚上！4 .当裹亲蔑视时Whatamanheis!那家伙算什么！注：有时在没有上下文，意思可能不确定。如：Whataday!看这天气！（是褒是贬，视具体情况而定）【难点2】how在感慨句中修饰动词感慨句有时可用“how+主语+动词”构成，此是how直接用于修饰动词。如：How1missedyou.我多么想念你啊。Howyou'vegrown!你都长这么大啦!Howyou'vechanged!你的变化真大！Howhewishedforadrink!他多希望能有点东西喝！Howthingsgetaround!Everyonemustknowyouareintown.消息传得多快!人们一定知道你到城里来了。三、注意1要修饰名词的形容词不能是表数量的many,much,little,few,遇此情况要用how,即使它们后面跟有名词：Howmanybookshehas!他的书真多！HowmuchmoneyhegaveherHowlittlemoneyIhave!我的钱多么少呀！Howfewfriendshehas他给了她好多钱呀！他的朋友真少！比拟:WhataIiuleboxitis!多小巧的盒子呀！该Iilue不表示数量2有时句中的主语和谓语可以省略：Howfast!多快呀！Hownice!多好呀！Howbeautiful!多美呀！Howniceofyoutocome!你来了真好！一、单项选择：I.Please,they,rehavingameeting.A.notbesonoisyB.bequiteC.mustn,ttalkD.nospeaking2.tomeetmeatthestation.llbewaitingthere.A.NottoforgetB.NotfoetC.ForgetnotD.Don,tforget3.It,safineday.Let,sgofishing,?A.won,tweB.willyouC.don,tweD.shallwe4.Don,tsmokeinthemeeting-room,?A.doyouB.willyouC.canyouD.couldyou5.mego.Itisveryimportantforme.A.DoletB.LetdoC.DoingletD.Todolet6.Heisnothonest.believehim.A.NotB.Don,tC.TonotD.Notto7.upearlytomorrow,oryoucan,tcatchthetrain.A.GettingB.GetC.TogetD.Got8.inthestreet.It,sdangerous.A.NotplayB.NottoplayC.Don,tplayD.Don,ttoplay9.Lucy,thedoororsomeonewillcomein.A.closeB.closesC.notcloseD.isclosingIO.andplayfootballinthestreetafterlunch.A.Let,snottogoB.LefsnotgoC.Let'sdon,tgoD.Notlet,sgo11. Asignwiththewords“,isoftenfoundinabus.A.NotparkingB.NotsmokingC.NoparkingD.Nosmoking12. ChineseinyouEnglishclass.A.NotspeakB.Don,tspeakC.SpeaknotD.Don'tspeaking13. .theboxes.Youmayusethemlater.A.KeepB.KeepingC.TokeepD.Kept14. Nevercomelateagain,?A.willyouB.won,tyouC.doyouD.doeshe15. TheTVistooloud.Please.A.turnitdownB.toturnitdownC.turndownitD.toturndownit16. crosstheroaduntilthetrafficlightsturnsgreen.A.NotB.Won'tC.Doesn'tD.Don't17. Kale,yourhomeworkheretomorrow.A.bringB.bringsC.tobringD.bringing18. methetruth,orllbeangry.A.TellingB.TotellC.ToldD.Tell-.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空：1. Ifsanimportantmeeting.(not,be)late.2. (not,make)anynoise!Yourmotherissleeping.3. (not,speak)withyourmouthfulloffoodand(be)polite.4. (not,talk)and(read)aloud.5. (not,leave)yourhomeworkfortomorrow,Larry.6. (look)out!Acariscoming.7. (give)ustenyearsandjustseewhatourcountrywillbelike.8. (not,let)thebabycry.9. Wearmoreclothesoryou(catch)acold.10. 1.et,s(not,say)anythingaboutit.U7句型1. Waterhasnotaste.睡根本没有味道。2. Now,heissittinginhisfavouritechairtiredlaughortoplay.现在，他正坐在他最喜欢的椅子上，太累了，笑不动，也玩不动。3. Soonhe,llgoIo.不久他就会去睡觉。4. ThenIseehim,onthebuilding.之后，我在建筑工地上看到他在工作。5. He,sinthecloudshigherthanakile.他高高地站在云中，比风筝还高。6. He,sworkingonapieceofwoodnottheheight.他正走在一块狭窄的木板上，并不担忧它的高度。7. He,satthenewspaperstand,thebusstop,andhe's.他坐在报摊前，就在车站旁，他微笑着。8. Abusstops,andthepeople公车停了，人们鱼贯而出。9. They,retoWOrk.他们赶去上班。10. Aofpeople,allverybusy,tiredfaces.一群人,都非常忙碌,面带倦容。11. Orwillyouittwo?还是你愿意成为第二个？12. dawndusk,Ineverstop.从破晓到黄昏，我从不停止。13. Wedrivethestreetnighttostopandthosewhofight.我们沿着街道彻夜行驶，拦截小偷，阻止斗殴。翻译以下句子1是谁告诉你那件事的？我根本就不认识艾迪(not.atall)2很多人都喜欢起床后洗个澡(haveabath)3这个箱子太重了，我扛不动(too.to)4我太矮了，够不到那本书(too.to)5你通常几点去睡觉？(goiobed)6我昨晚睡不着，所以今天我有点不舒服(gotosleep,abit)7春天里，你可以看到很多蝴蝶和蜜蜂在花园里飞舞(seedoingsomething)8公交车停了，很多人冲了出来(rushout)9-你今天早上为什么急匆匆赶去学校？因为我们开校运会10我昨天晚上在那棵树下看到一群蚂蚁(acrowdof)综合能力【把以下句子改为感慨句】1. It'saquiteanicepresent.nicepresentitis!2. Wehavefineweathertoday.weatherwehavetoday!3. ICssunnytoday.sunnydayitistoday!4. Thechildrenareworkinghard.thechildrenareworking!5. Sheplayedbasketballwonderfully.sheplayedbasketball!6. Heisgoodatsinging.hesings!7. Thefishisverylovely.thefishis!8. Theyliveahappylifetoday.lifetheylivetoday!感慨句巧解五法1、一找.二断三辨.四确定：构成感慨句的感慨词有两个：Whal和how,其根本结构是：1What+名词+陈述肯定式：2How+形容词或副词+陈述肯定式很多初学者常常对该用what还是该用how弄不清楚。如：Q)COldWaterthisis!A.HowB.What(5) colditis!A.WhatB.How【如果我们采取“一找二断三辨四确定''的方法很快就能确定该选哪个感慨词。“一找，、即先找出句中的主语。“二航'就是在句中的名词形容词、副词等与代词或名词之间断开。例如上面第一句应在WaIer与this中断开因this是指示代词，惭为后区分断线前面的词的谓性,也就是所谓“三辨句中断线前的词是water,而Water是名词。第四步，就可迅速确定如果是名词就选Whato所以第一例句就选B。用这个方法我们会对上面第二个例句作出如下判断：coldIitis!断开线其前COId是形容词，故应填HOw。上面两个例句是最根本最简单的填空题形式。但只要掌握这个方法，即使再复杂的填空题也会迎刃而解。】不过还要注意，如果断开后，断线前的那个中心词是单数可数名词，千万别忘了在感慨词与名词间加勉词aan。例如：nicepresentitis!A.HowB.WhatC.HowD.Whata用上述方法，从PreSent与it之间断开，断线前PreSent是名词，且为单数可数名词，nice又以辅音开头，应选Do2、“斯T找T去4改、五步法：假设把一个陈述句变为感慨句，可以采取这“五步法如：Thepictureisverybeautiful.断：在陈述句中的谓语动词后将句子断开：Thepictureislverybeautiful.我：划出断线后的中心词是何词类。士：中心词是形容词或副词时，要把修饰该形容词或副词的词去掉。比方本句中心词beautiful是形容词，修饰该词的是Very,变时应去掉very。但须注意，线后如果是名词，名词前的修饰语是万万不能去掉的。济：就是添上感慨词。如果线后的中心词是名词，就添WhaI;是形容词或副词就添How。及：将陈述句句前的大写改为小写，将变为感慨句的感慨词及其修饰的名词局部放在句首，感慨词首写字母改为大写。同时句尾的标点由陈述句的句号改为感慨句的感慨号。据此，上句就变成了：Howbeautifulthepictureis!再如：要把“Heisagoodstudent.”变成感慨句，可如上法炮制：HeisIagoodstudent.中心词是名词StUdent,agood为修饰student的修饰语，不能去掉，故变成感慨句应选感慨词what,变成：Whatagdstudentheis!3一断二加'三操位；例：1ThiSisabeautifulflower2JThisflowerisbeautiful.“一新”：在谓语动词后将此句划断。1JThisisIabeautifulflower.2ThisflowerisIbeautiful.“二册”：在第二局部前加引起感慨句的“What或How”：中心词为名词时加“What"：是形容词、副词加“How”。1JWhatabeautifulflower.2Howbeautiful.“三换位将第一局部与第二局部对换位置。1 JWhatabeautifulflowerthisis!2 JHowbeautifulthisfloweris!4、句型记忆法：因how和What的词性及其在句中的功能不同，由它们引起的感慨句句型可归纳为7种。如果记住这7种句套子，做任何感慨句题都易如反掌。例：从题前A、B、CsD所表示的词或短语中选择正确答案，完成以下各句：A=WhatB=WhataC=WhatanD=How®pleasantsurpriseyougaveme!(2)goodnewswehavegot!goodaTVsetwe,yebought!unpleasantexperienceyouhadlastyear!答案依次为BADCo5、歌诀记忆法：感慨句中What和how的选用，关键看形容词后面是否有名词。如果有，用Whata,an):如果没有，用how至于副词，其前永远用how。记住下面歌诀更方便。what,how如何选?先在后面把名词找,假设有名词用what,假设无名诩必用Iiow9what,how提句首,其它紧跟别忘To主谓一起挪最后,常常可以被看掉。一、【感慨句专练】1 .anicewatchitis!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Howa2 .brightgirlstheyare!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.howa3.1 nterestingthefilmis!A.WhatB.WhatanC.HowD.Howan4.sunnyday!Let,sgooutforawalk.A.HowaB.HowC.WhataD.What5 .hardworkitis!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan6 .dayitis!Ifsrainyagain.A.HowbadB.WhatabadC.HowfineD.Whatafine7 .greatdayJuly1,1997willbe!A.HowaB.WhataC.HowD.What8 .expensivetrousers!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Whatan9 .girlsheis!A.WhatbrightaB.HowabrightC.HowbrightaD.Whatbright10 .weatherwehavetoday!A.AfineB.WhatafineC.HowafineD.Whatfine11 .carelessheis!A.WhatB.HowC.SomuchD.Howmuch12 .Oh,John,yougaveus!A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.HowpleasantsurpriseC.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise13.usefulworktheyhavedone!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Whatan14. nicepictureyougaveme!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan15、Thelittleboysavedhisclassmatesintheearthquake.bravehewas!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Whatan二、单项选择题（课本根底知识）1 Whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee?_.I'dlikesomewater.ABoth.BEitherCNeither.DNone.2 Doyouthinkpeoplewilltakepillsmealinthefuture?AasBofCinDfor3 Ihopepeoplewillnottheearth.Itwillbeagdplacetolivein/AenjoyBmakeCkeepDpollute4 Weabouttheplannextweek,soyoumustprepareforit.AhavetalkBwilltalkCwouldtalkDtalked5 Pleaseyournameandaddressonthispieceofpaper.AsealBsignCwriteDhope6 Ihopetherewillbefoodforeveryone,sopeoplecanliveagdlife.AsomeBanyCenoughDlittle7 ishappy,becauseNewYeariscoming.ANobodyBAnybodyCSomebodyDEverybody8 Closetheboxandsealittape.AbyBwithCinDfor9 Itmakesmefeeldisappointed,soyoudothatagain.Acan,tBwon,tCneedn,tDcould三、适当形式填空1 Theyareaboutthecomputerinthefuture.(talk)2 Theyarefrom(difference)countries.3 Theairisterrible.(pollute)4 Therewillbemany(city)undertheseainthefuture.5 Whatwillhappeninten(year)time?6 Writedownyourname,?(反义疑问句)7 Therewillbesummerandwinterinthefuture.(改为否认句)Therebesummerwinterinthefuture.8 Therewillbeenoughfoodforeveryoneinthefuture.(画线局部提问)therebeforeveryoneinthefuture?9 Hewillbebackinthreedays.(画线局部提问)willhebeback?10 Whataretheyaboul7(talk)四、完形填空Oneday,aboyhadafightwithoneofhisclassmates.Thenhewenttohis1andtoldhimhisstoryangrily.t4Heisreallybad,“theboysaid,tandI2Thegrandfathersaid,"_3_metellyouastory.WhenIwasaboy,Itoo,sometimeshatedothersforwhattheydid.”Astheboy4carefully,thegrandfatherwenton,44Therearealwaystwotigersinsidemyheart.Oneis5andkind.Hegetsonwell6everythingaroundhim.But1isbadandunfriendly.Eventhesmallestthingwillmakehimangry.Hefightswitheveryoneallthetime,andfornoreason.Hecan,tthinkcarefully8healwayshatesothers.Itisdifficulttolivewiththesetwotigersinsidemyheart.TheybothtrytoCOntro1（控制）me."Theboylookedintohisgrandfather's9andasked,tt10tigeralwayscontrolsyou,Grandfather?MTheoldmansaidslowlyandseriously,44TheonethatIfeed.Ialwaysfeedthegoodandkindtiger,soIneverhateothersandSeldOm（彳艮少）getangrynow.”1.A.motherB.fatherC.teacherD.grandfather2.A.loveB.hateC.knowD.enjoy3.A.MakeB.HelpC.LetD.Ask4.A.sawB.feltC.talkedD.listened5.A.goodB.badC.lazyD.quiet6.A.atB.onC.withD.about7.A.otherB.othersC.anotherD.theother8.A.becauseB.thoughC.beforeD.but9.A.eyesB.earsC.noseD.mouth10.A.WhoB.WhichC.WhereD.WhenKeys:（DBCDACDAB）