景观设计外文文献翻译.docx

金陂科技学院毕业设计（论文）外文参考资料及译文译文题目：ECoIogiCaIPIaCOiOgintheUrbanIandSCaPedesign学生姓名：XXX学号：.XXXXXXXXXX专业：园林所在学院：园艺学院指导教师：XX职称：M2013年3月15日Abstract:Thisarticlediscussestheurbanlandscapefromtherelationofthefollowingthreeconcepts:thelandscape,thecityandtheecology.Thispapermainlydiscusseshowthelandscapeinfluencesthecity,slivingenvironment.Thelandscapeisastigmaintheland,whichisoftherelationshipbetweenhumanandhuman,betweenmanandnature.Thereexistssomesubtlerelationshipamonglandscape,cityandhumanizeddesign.摘要:本文从景观、城市、生态三个概念之间的相互联系来论诉城市景观。本文中着重论述了景观对城市居住环境的影响。景观是人与人、人与自然关系在大地上的烙印。景观、城市、生态以及人性化的设计理念之间存在着微妙而复杂的联系。(1) CityandTheLandscapeOverviewofLandscapeDesign1.andscapedesign,first,isapeople'sthinkingactivity,performedasanartactivity.Diversifiedthoughtsformedcomplexdiverselandscapeartstyle.Contemporarylandscapedesignapparentlyseeisthediversityofthelandscapeforms,infactitsessenceistokeeptheclosinguptothenaturalordersystem,reflectedthemorerespectforhumanbeings,morein-depthperspectiveofthenatureofhuman'srealityandneed,nottotrytoconquerthenature.itisnotevenimitatingnatural,butproduceasenseofbelonging.Landscapeisnotonlyaphenomenonbutthehumanvisualscene.Sotheearliestlandscapeimplicationsisactuallycityscene.Landscapedesignandcreationisactuallytobuildthecity.(2) TheRelationshipBetweenLandscapeandUrbanCityisaproductofhumansocial,economicandculturaldevelopment,andthemostcomplextype.Itisvulnerabletotheartificialandnaturalenvironmentalconditionsofinterference.Inrecentdecades,withworldwidetheaccelerationofurbanization,theurbanpopulationintensive,heavytraffic,resourceshortage,environmentpollutionandecologydeteriorationhasbecomethefocusofattentionofthehumansociety.Inthecurrentenvironmentconditioninourcountry,theproblemisveryserious,andinsomeurbanareas,thepollutionhasquiteserious,andgreatlyinfluencedandrestrictsthesustainabledevelopmentofthecity.1.andscapeistherelationshipbetweenmanandman,manandnature.Thisis,infact,akindofhumanlivingprocess.Livingprocessisactuallywiththepowersofnatureandtheinteractionprocess,inordertoobtainharmoniousprocess.Thelandscapeistheresultofhumanlifeinordertosurviveandtoadaptthenatural.Atthesametime,thelivingprocessisalsoaprocessofestablishningharmoniouscoexistence.Therefore,asacolonylandscape,itisastigmaoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.IIthecitylandscapeplanninganddesign(1) citylandscapeelementsTheurbanlandscapeelementsincludenaturallandscapeandartificiallandscape.Amongthem,thenaturallandscapeismainlyreferstothenaturalscenery,suchassizehills,ancientandfamoustrees,stone,rivers,lakes,oceans,etc.Artificiallandscapearethemainculturalrelics,culturalsite,thebotanicalgardenafforestation,artsketch,tradefairs,buildstructure,square,etc.Theselandscapeelementsmustofferalotofexamplesforcreatinghighqualityoftheurbanspaceenvironment.Butforauniqueurbanlandscape,youmustputallsortsoflandscapeelementsinthesystemorganization,andcreateanorderlyspaceform.(2)theurbanlandscapeintheplanningThecityisanorganicwhole,whichiscomposedwithmaterial,economy,culture,andsociety.Toimprovetheurbanenvironmentisacommonvoice.Thekeyoftheurbanlandscapedesignistostrengthenurbandesignideas,strengthenurbandesignwork,andblendurbandesignthoughtintothestagesofurbanplanning.Theoverallurbanplanninginthecitylandscapeplanningisnottoabandonthetraditionalgarden,greenspaceplanning,buttheextensionanddevelopmentofit.Botharenoconflict,butalsocannotbeequal.Inlandscapeplanningofcityplanning,weshouldfirstanalysistheurbanlandscaperesourcesstructure,fullyexploitlandscapeelementswhichcanreflectthecharacteristicsofurban.Considercarefullyfortheformationofthesystemofurbanlandscape.Illecologicalplanningandurbanlandscape(1)therelationshipofurbanlandscapeandecologicalplanningLandscapeecologyisanewlyemergedcrossdiscipline,themainresearchspacepatternandecologicalprocessesofinteraction,itsthemeistheforkthegeographyandecology.It,swiththewholelandscapeastheobject,throughthematerialflow,energyflowandinformationflowingthesurfaceoftheearthandvalueintransmissionandexchange,throughthebiologicalandthebiologicalandtheinteractionbetweenhumanandtransformation,theecologicalsystemprincipleandsystemresearchmethodsoflandscapestructureandfunction,thedynamicchangeoflandscapehasinteractionmechanism,theresearchofthelandscapepattern,optimizingthestructure,beautifythereasonableuseandtheprotection,haveverystrongpracticability.Urbanecologicalsystemisanatural,economicandsocialcompositeartificialecosystem,itincludinglifesystem,environmentsystem,withacomplexmulti-levelstructure,canbeindifferentapproachesofhumanactivityandthemutualrelationshipbetweenthecityandinfluence.Urbanenvironmentplanningguidanceandcoordinationasamacrodepartmentinterests,optimizingtheallocationoflandresourcescity,reasonableurbanspaceenvironmentorganizationtheimportantstrategicdeployment,musthaveecologicalconcept.Onlytohavetheecologicalview,toguidetheconstructionofthecityinthefuturetoecologicalcitygoal,toestablishtheharmoniouslivingenvironment.Inrecentyears,landscapeplanninginurbanlandscapefeaturesprotectionandurbanenvironmentdesigniswideused.landscapeinthelivingenvironmentofecologicaleffect1.andscapeasaunitoflandbydifferentinlaidwithobviousvisualcharacteristicsofthegeographicentities,withtheeconomic,ecologicalandaestheticvalue,themultiplevaluejudgmentislandscapeplanningandmanagementfoundation.Landscapeplanninganddesignalwaysistocreateapleasantlandscapeasthecenter.Theappropriatehumannaturecanunderstandthelandscapeformoresuitableforhumansurvival,reflectecologicalcivilizationlivingenvironment,includinglandscape,buildingeconomy,prudentsexecologicalstability,environmentalcleanliness,spacecrowdedindex,landscapebeautifuldegreeofcontent,thecurrentmanyplacesforresidentialareaofgreen,static,beauty,Ann'srequirementisthepopularexpression.Landscapealsopaidspecialattentiontothespatialrelationshiplandscapeelements,suchasshapeandsize,densityandcapacity,links,andpartition,locationandofsequence,astheircontentofmaterialandnaturalresourcesasimportantasquality.Astheurbanlandscapeplanningshouldpayattentiontoarrangethecityspacepattern,therelativeconcentrationoftheopenspace,theconstructionspacetodensityalternatewith;Inartificialenvironmentappearedtonature;Increasethevisuallandscapediversity;ProtecttheenvironmentMinGanOuandtopromotegreenspacesystemconstruction.(2) theurbanlandscapeandecologicalplanninganddesignofthefusionofeachother.Thecitylandscapeandecologicalplanningdesignreflectshumananewdream,itisaccompaniedbyindustrializationandafterthearrivaloftheeraofindustrialandincreasinglyclear.Naturalandcultural,designoftheenvironmentandlifeenvironment,beautifulformandecologicalfunctionsofrealcomprehensivefusion,thelandscapeisnolongerasinglecityofspecificland,butlettheablation,tothousands;Itwillletnatureparticipateindesign;Letthenaturalprocesswitheveryoneaccordingtodailylife;Letpeopletoperception,experienceandcarethenaturalprocessandnaturaldesign.(3) thecitylandscapeecologicalplanningthehumanizeddesign1.itiswiththepersonthis"designthoughtContemporarylandscapeinmeetpurposeatthesametime,morein-depthperspectiveonhumanofthenatureofrealityandneeds.Firstperformanceforciviliandesigndirection,applicationofnaturalorganicmaterialsandelasticcurveformrichhumanlifespace.Nextisthebarrier-freedesign,namelynoobstacle,notdangerousthing,nomanipulationofthebarrierdesign.Nowtherehavebeentheelderly,thedisabled,fromtheperspectiveofthesocialtendency,barrier-freedesignideasbegantogainpopularity,atthesametimefordisadvantagedpeopletocarryonthedesignalsoishumannaturedesigntooveralldepthdirectiondevelopmenttrend.,'Itiswiththepersonthistheservicethoughtsstillbehaveinspecialattentiontoplantofbrightcolor,smellgoodplant,payattentiontoZuoJutextureandtheintensityofthelight.Thedetailprocessingofconsideratemoreexpressionoftheconcern,suchastheonlysteptoshopoftencausedvisualignoredandcausestaggered,inordertoavoidthiskindofcircumstancehappening,contemporarylandscapesitesdonotbeallowedunder3steps;Andassomeresidentialareaandsquareinthebushsetmoppool,convenientthedistrict'shygieneandwastewaterrecyclingwater."Itiswiththepersonthis'1theservicethoughtsinmanywaysshowed,themeasureofthestandardishumanlove.1.1humanlandscapedesignconceptishumanlandscapedesignistopointtoinlandscapedesignactivity,payattentiontohumanneeds,inviewoftheusertotheenvironmentofthelandscapeofaneedtospreaddesign,whichsatisfiedtheuser"physiologicalandpsychological,physicalandmentalmulti-levelneeds,embodiesthepeople-oriented"designthought.Urbanpublicspacehumanlandscapedesign,fromthefollowingfouraspectstounderstand:1.1.1physicallevelofcare.Humanlandscapedesignwithfunctionalandtherationalityofdesignintopremisecondition,payattentiontothephysicalspacereasonablelayoutandeffectiveuseofthefunction.Publicspacedesignshouldnotonlymakepeople,spsychologyandphysiologyfeelcomfortable,stillshouldconfigurationoffacilitiestomeetpeople,scomplexactivitiesdemand1.Thelevelofcaringheart1.2Daniel.Inconstructionmaterialformofthespaceatthesametime,thepositivepsychologyadvocateforuserswiththeattentionthatemotion,andthenmakethepersonplacetoformthesecurity,fieldfeelingandbelonging.1.1.3clubwilllevelofcare.Emphasizestheconcernofhumansurvivalenvironment,thedesignintheareaunderthebackgroundofurbanecologicaloverallplanninganddesign,tomaketheresources,energyrationallyandeffectivelyusing,toachievethenatural,socialandeconomicbenefitsoftheunityofthethree.1.1.4toacrowdofsegmentationclosecare.Advocatebarrier-freedesign,andtrytomeettheneedsofdifferentpeopleuse,andtoensurethatthegroupofmutualinfluencebetweenactivities,letchildren,oldpeople,disabledpeoplecanenjoyoutdoorpublicthefunoflife.1. 2andhumanlandscapedesignrelatedenvironmentalbehaviorknowledgetheenvironmentbehaviorishumanlandscapedesign,themainresearchfield,payattentiontotheenvironmentandpeople'sexplicitbehaviorandtherelationshipbetweentheinteraction,triedtousethepsychologyofthesomebasictheory,methodsresearchersinthecityandarchitectureinactivitiesandtotheenvironmentoftheresponse,andthefeedbacktheinformationcanbeusedtoguidetheenvironmentconstructionandrenovation.WesternpsychologistdirkDEJoantoputforwardtheboundaryeffecttheory.Hepointsoutthattheedgeofspaceispeopleliketostayarea,alsoisthespaceofthegrowthoftheactivityarea3.Liketheurbanspace,themarginofthewood,downthestreet,andtherainattheawning,awnings,corridorconstructionsunkenplace,ispeopleliketheplacetostay.Attheedgeofspace,andotherpeopleororganizationstodistancethemselvesareisbetterabletoobservethespaceoftheeyesandnottobedisturbed."Manseethnistheperson'snature.Alargepublicspaceareexistingthemanseeth,'phenomenon:theviewerconsciouslyorunconsciouslyobservation,inthespaceinfrontoftheallactivities.Atthesametime,someofthepeoplewithstrongperformancedesire,inpublicspaceinvariousactivitiestoattracttheattentionofothers,soastoachieveself-fulfillmentcheerful.Theseeminglysimple"manseeth"phenomenon,butcanpromotespacemoreactivitiesproduction.Forexample,forawalkofpedestriansmaybebusystreetperformanceandtojointheranksoftheshowattracts,withthestrangebecausetheaudienceisthesightoftheactivitiesofthewonderfulandshortconversation,artloversoftheinfectionbyenvironmentalatmospherebegantosketchactivities.Environmentaldesign,accordingtoenvironmentalbehaviorrelatedknowledge,activelycreateboundaryspaceprovidepeoplestay,rest,theplaceoftalkingtofacilitatemorespaceActivitiesofgeneration,therichvisitorssensoryexperiences2. ThedesignofthesustainabledevelopmentSustainabledevelopmentprinciple,itistheecologypointofview,tothecitysystemanalysis,andwiththeminimumtheminimalresourceconsumptiontosatisfytherequirementsofthehuman,andmaintaintheharmonyofhumanandthenaturalenvironment,guaranteethecityseveralcompositionsystem-toprotectnaturalevolutionprocessofopenspacesystemandtheurbandevelopmentsystembalance.Peoplearetolandscape'understandingofthecontemporarylandscapedesignandthefunctiontoreflect,havebeencompletelyoutofthetraditionalgardeningactivities,theconceptoflandscapeartvalueunconsciouslyandecologicalvalue,thefunctionvalue,culturalvaluehappenedrelationship,landscapeartcategorythanbeforemorepointedtothehumaniscloselylinkedwiththevariousaspects,becomemoreprofoundandscience.Contemporarylandscapealsoactivelyusenewtechnologytoimprovetheecologicalvalue.Suchastheuseofsolarenergyforsquaregarden,lightingandsoundboxequipmentsupplyelectricity;Thesurfacewater"cycledesignconcept,collectingrainwaterforirrigationandwaterscapeprovidesthemainresources;Usingtheprincipleoftheconstructionofthefootway,buoysthatenvironmentalprotectionlevelakissandinteresting.Andbyusingwaterscenedrought,landscapewaterdoecology(ecologicalwetland),ecologicalXiGou,halfnaturalchange"landscapehumanizedwaterscapedesign,avoidthemanualwatersceneisthedifficultyofthelater-periodmanagement,butinthewatersincethenet,purifyingenvironmentandpromotebiodiversityplayahugerole.Therefore,toexperiencethelandscapewillsurelyiscontainedtonatureandthetradition,tohumancompatibility.Theurbanlandscapetheprinciplesofsustainabledevelopmentandimplementationdetails:2.1 theefficiencyoflanduseprincipleforlandtothesurvivalofhumansisoneofthemosteffectiveresources,especiallyinChina'slargepopulation,landresourcesareextremelydeficient,urbanizationrapidlyincreasebackground,thereasonableefficientuseofland,isthatWeshouldconsideranimportantissue.Forthecitylandscapeisconcerned,howtoproductiveuseoftheland?Three-dimensionalisefficientlanduseisthemosteffectivemeans.Theurbanlandscape"three-dimensionaltotake"ideascontainsthefollowingsixaspectsofmeaning.(1)inthelimitedonland,asmuchaspossibletoprovideactivityplaces,formthethree-dimensionalmulti-layeractivitiesplatformlandscapeenvironment.(2)improveafforestationlanduseefficiency,inthesameland,adoptappropriatetonicheby,shrubsandtreesofco-existenceandco-prosperitybetweenthree-dimensionalplantinglayout.(3)tosolvethegoodman,forthecontradictioningreen,thegreenspaceandhumanactivityspacelayoutoftheinterchanges.(4)theupanddownorso,allsidesthree-dimensionalviewobservation,increasedthelandscapeenvironmentthevisualimageofthevisualrate.(5)fromthestaticlandscapetodynamiclandscape.6notonlyfromthetraditionaltechnologyofmodemtechnologytointroducemore(suchascrossingbridge,lightrail,electricrail,etc),showacolorfulthree-dimensionalspace.2.2 energyefficiencyprinciplealongwiththerapiddevelopmentofurbanization,China,senergydemandismoreandmorebig,theenergygapalsomoreandmorebig.Inrecentyears,China'smajorcitieshaveputforwardthelightuproject,thepublicarealightingconsumptioninthegreatpower.Forenergyefficiencyintheunderstanding,firstfromtheconsiderationontheenergysavingshouldbenotonly,andshouldstandinthehigheroftheenvironmentalprotectionhightoknow,meaningthatmoreextensive,andmorefar-reaching,(formorethan70%ofgeneratingcapacityinChinaatpresentstillbycoal,existforSO2,CO2andnitricoxideandotherharmfulgasemissionsandcoaldustemissionsandaseriesofenvironmentalproblems)2.3 plantwithanecologicalprinciplecitysystem,thegreenspacesystemisperfectornotofthecity,senvironmentalqualityplaysavitalrole.Perfectgreenspacesystem,toimprovethecitymicroclimateplaysanimportantrole,itcanrisetoimprovesmallregionaltempe