框架结构的抗震设计思路外文文献翻译.docx

文献信息：文献标题：FrameStructureAnti-earthquakeDesignWayofThinking（框架结构的抗震设计思路）国外TheodoreV.Galambos文献出处：<JournalofConstructionalConcreteResearch,2000,55:289-303字数统计：英文4451单词，22990字符；中文5601汉字外文文献：FrameStructureAnti-earthquakeDesignWayofThinkingAbstractCurrently,theanti-earthquakenormsallroundtheworldalmostadopttoakindofwayofthinking:Theadoptionpressestheearthquakestrongorweakofpossiblesituationtodividethelineearthquakecentarea;Accordingtoeveryplacethehistoryoccurrenceoftheareaearthquakeofcovarianceresultortogeologystructureofthehistoryinvestigatetohavetoexplicitstatisticsthemeaningestablishthesportpeakinwaterproofandquasi-groundvalueacceleration;Makeuseofagainthereactionaccelerationthattheaccelerationreactioncomposesdifferentperiod;GetadesigntouseaccelerationlevelthroughearthquakedintadjustmetcoefficientR.Inthemeantime,mostnationsallapprovesuchpoint,establishingtodefendtheearthquakeintensitylevelcantaketouseadifferentvalue,choosingtousetoestablishtodefendtheearthquakeintensitylevelmoreandhighly,theductilityrequestofthestructurealsomoreIOw,choosetousetoestablishtodefendearthquakeintensitylevelmoreandlowly,structureofductilityrequestmorehigh.Thestructureductilityguaranteeofpreconditionistheductilityofthemember,passagainaneffectivelyreasonableconjunctioninadoptingaseriesofmeasureguaranteememberthefoundationoftheductility,thestructuresystemchoiceisreasonableinthemeantime,thedegreejustdistributesreasonableofunderconditionabilitybasicassurancestructureofductility.Keywords:framestructure;anti-earthquakedesign;designwayofthinking1.SimpleReviewofAnti-earthquakeDesignWayofThinkingThedevelopmentthatconstructsthestructureanti-earthquakeisalongwithpeoplealltheearthquakemovewiththestructurecharacteristicoftheunderstandingiscontinuouslythoroughbutdevelopgradually,however,fromisbornuptonowthehistoryofahundredyears,havemostlyseveraltodevelopastageasfollows:(1) Quietdintstage:ItfirstfromaJapaneseprofessorpassedtoharmtoprognosticatetheanti-earthquakedesigntheoriesthatputforwardwiththetheoriesunderstandingatthattimetothelimitedearthquake,beingapplicabletoonlyjustrigidbodystructure.Itdidn'tthinkcharacteristicandtheplacedifferencetoconsiderstructuretotheinfluencethatconstructsstructure.(2) Respondthetablestage:Alongwithvibratetorecordofobtainandthedevelopmentofthestructuredynamicstheories,theBiotaprofessoroftheUnitedStatesputforwardflexibilitytorespondtheconceptofthetablein1940,respondthetableislistthefreelyflexiblesystem,itwasobtainofnumerousearthquakesrecordofencourage,thestructureperiodorrespondoftherelation,includetheaccelerationreactiontable,thespeedrespondedatable,movedtorespondatable.Itconsiderthemotivecharacteristicofthestructure,itstillisthefoundationthatallcountriesnormdesignearthquakedinttakesavalueuptonow.Thecalculationoftheearthquakefunctiondintusuallyuseshearswiththebottomandflapsadecompositiontorespondatableamethod,flappingadecompositiontorespondatableamethodofbasicdefine:Supposethebuildingstructureisthelineflexibilitymorefreedomdegreesystem,makinguseprincipleofflapadecompositionandflapatype,itwillsolveafreedomdegreetheearthquakeoftheflexiblesystemtorespondtoresolveforsolveanindependenceofetc.theeffectsinglefreedomdegreeflexiblesystemmosttheheavyearthquakerespond.Thenbeggingshouldineachfunctionaffectthatflapsatype.Atthistime,accordingtoconsiderthewaydissimilarityoftheearthquakefunction,adoptadifferentarray,groupmethod,orderflexiblesystemtomanyqualitiesoftheflatsurfacevibration,itcanuseaSRSSmethod,itisaccordingtosupposetheimportationearthquakeassteadyrandomprocess,eachofaflapreactionisindependentmutuallybutdeducetoget;Forconsidereven-twistsmanyqualitiesthatthelotusconnecttoorderflexiblesystem,theadoptionCQCmethod,itliesinwiththemaindifferentiationoftheSRSSmethod:Supposewhenflatsurfacevibrateeachflapatypeindependentmutually,andeachcontributionthatflapatypeincreasedalongwiththefrequencyhighbutlower；Buteven-twistlotusconnecthoureachflapafrequencyspanverysmall,closetogetherandhigherflapthefrequencyofthetypeandmayneartothisrelativitythatwillconsideradissimilaritytoflapaverymuch,alsohaveinfluenceofturnroundtheweightandnotnecessarilyincreasealongwiththefrequencyhighbutlower,sometimeshigherflaptheinfluencepossibilityofthetypebiginlowerflaptheinfluenceofthetype,itwillconsidermoreinfluencesthatflapatypewhilecomparingSRSS.Thebottomshearsthedintmethodinconsiderationofthespecialofthestructuresystemtothesimplificationthatflapsadecompositiontorespondtocomposeamethod,bethebuildingheightnotbig,tookshearingtoslicetotransformasthelordandthequalitytofollowheighttodistributemoreevenstructurewithdegreejust,thestructurevibrationmovedtorespondusuallywiththefirstflappedatypeforlord,andwhenthefirstflappedatypetoneartointhestraightline,canflapadecompositionmethodsimplificationtoshearthedintmethodcalculationformulaforthebasicbottom.Thelevelearthquakefunctionthateachqualitythatthisbasicformulacalculationgetordercanbetterreflectionjustdegreebiggerstructure,butwhenstructurethebasicperiodwaslong,theplacecharacteristicperiodtocomparewithhour,thecalculationincomecopingearthquakefunctionbepartialtosmall,ofcourse,theAnti-earthquakeNormprovision,bethestructurebasicperiodmorethan1.4placecharacteristicperiod,atcopingadditionallevelearthquakefunction.(3)themotivetheoriesstage:Alongwithmoveunderstandingandcomprehendtotheearthquakeofdeepencontinuously,knowtosomeshortageofthereactiontable,suchastotheearthquakemoveholdofinfluenceconsiderationnotweek,andtheexaltationofthecalculatorfunction,makethemotivemethoddevelopgradually,itsessencesolvesasquaredistanceofmotivedirectly,butbecauseofearthquakethegroundsportaccelerationisveryirregular,itcan'tbegfordifferentialcalculussquaredistance,itshutstomatchasolution,soadoptnumberintegralcalculusmethodmore.Usualwayofdoingiscarryonacontinuouscentasegmentaprocessingtowardshavingalreadyrecordoftheearthquakewave,eachdataallseedotheconstant,thenthefunctiongettostructureup,passanequilibriumandsquaredistanceofmotivetobegatthemomentoftheacceleration,speed,movereaction,movingwithex-theacceleration,speed,thesegmenttocarryonfoldingtoaddimmediatelyafterfoldingtheresultforaddasthebeginningthatdescendsatthattimeasegmenttostartadata,pushingaccordingtothiskind,endbegstructureatthegiveforlowweekagainandagaintheearthquakewaveunderoftheacceleration,speedandmovethedintreactionvarietyprocess.(4) AtAmericanNorthridgeearthquakein1994andJapaneseKobeearthquakein1995after,thebeautifuldayscholarputforwardagainaccordingtotheanti-earthquakedesignmethodofbehavior,itwasduringtheperiodofusagetomakethebuildingstructuresatisfyvariousrequeststhatusedfunctionaccordingtothebasicthoughtofbehavior.Traditionaccordingtothedesignmethoddissimilarityofthedint,adjudicatetothestructurefunctionmainlyisaccordingtomovestandard,moveindexsigntocomewiththedifferenttothestructurefunctiontocarryonadifferentcontrol.Butdescendstructurebecauseofthebigearthquakeofnot-flexibletransformhardandaccurateestimateof,maketocanstayaroundaccordingtothedesignmethodofbehaviortheoretically.Butputforwarditsaggressivemeaningtohave2:00atleast:a. Emphasizethesystemandthesocietyoftheearthquakeengineering;b. Thepartthatknowsanoriginalanti-earthquaketodesignnormisunsuitedtoreasonableness.Conductandactionsaccordingtothefoundationofthefunctionanti-earthquakedesign,shouldtotheparticularlevelearthquakefunctionofacertaincovariancemeaningunderofthestructuremove,thespeedandaccelerationcarryonaccuratevaluation,shouldalsohaveareasonableofvaluationmethodwithavailablevaluationtool.Itisexactlybecauseofthispurpose,putforwardanddevelopedthePushovermethodandabilitytocomposeamethod.ThebasicwayofthinkingofthePushovermethodisanadoptionthequietdintaddtocarry,supposingthesideofthesomepennyclothformtowardlotustocarryafunctiononthestructure,addingtocarrygraduallyuntilattainthestructurecontrolpointtargettomoveorthestructurebreak,gettingthelevelsideofthecontrolpointtomovetoshearthedintrelationcurvewithsubstratethus,evaluatinginordertotheanti-vibrationabilityofthestructure.ThePushovermethoddependsontodistributeaformandplaytheplasticityreactiontabletargettomovetoreallysettleinthesideforce.2.BasicWayOfThinkingofFrameStructureAnti-earthquakeDesignductilityStandardAftertheflexibilityrespondtableputforward,thepeople'sdetectioncomputestogainfromhereofthestructurerespondwiththeactualearthquakethebreakagephenomenonofthestructurecontaincertainantinomy,mainlyispresstheflexibilityreactiontabletocalculateofthestructurerespondedtheaccelerationashabitualtodesigntheearthquakedinttotaketobeworthbigquiteafewatthattimedoubly,andtooktosettleaccordingtothehabitualofthefunctionofthedesignearthquakedintdescendsthehousestructureofdesign,theharmofthestructuresystemwasn,tseriousintheearthquake.60'slastcentury,theNewmarkpassedtostarttothebeginningofdifferentperiodjustdegreehomologyofthesinglefreedomdegreethesystemcarriedonanalysisunderthesituationthatmanywavesinput,putforwardetc.movedtheprincipleandetc.energyprinciple,andputforwardtheconceptofthestructureductility.Studiedsingleandfreesystemtoacceptdefeatthelevelandflexibilitythoroughlyagainfromtherelationofflappedthebiggestnot-flexiblemotiveintheperiodandstructuretorespondafterward,thisbecustomarilysayofthetheoriesoftheR-Teffect.Passingtheseresearches,announcingtopublictheductilityabilityandplasticitytoconsumeanabilityisastructureBetakingtousetoacceptdefeatlevelundernothighcircumstance,atbigearthquakeunderthestructuredoesn'ttakeplaceseveritytobreakanddoesn'tdon'ttumbledownofassurance.Arrivehere,concerningthedesignearthquakedint'stakingthebasicproblemofthevaluesizehavetoarriveunderstandingdefinitely,betheanti-earthquaketheearthquakedinttakeavalueofthesizeisn'tanumberofassurance,butwiththestructureductilityfunctionandconsumetheabilitymechanismrelatedquantityvalue.HerewhattoneedtobeexplainBE,designedtheearthquakedinttotakeavaluetoresolveaproblemonly,buttothestructureductilityfunctionguaranteeofthemeasurehavetocanalsopromise,thiswillatunderneathasectiondiscuss.Currently,theanti-earthquakenormsallroundtheworldalmostadoptssoakindofwayofthinking:Theadoptionpressestheearthquakestrongorweakofpossiblesituationtodividethelineearthquakecentarea;Accordingtoeveryplacethehistoryoccurrenceoftheareaearthquakeofcovarianceresultortogeologystructureofthehistoryinvestigatetohavetoexplicitstatisticsthemeaningestablishthesportpeakvalueinwaterproofandquasi-groundvalueacceleration;Makeuseofagainthereactionaccelerationthattheaccelerationreactioncomposesdifferentperiodtodescendstructureto;getadesigntouseaccelerationlevelthroughtheearthquakedintadjustmentcoefficientR.Inthemeantime,mostnationsallapprovesuchstandpoint,establishingtodefendtheearthquakeintensitylevelcantaketouseadifferentvalue,choosingtousetoestablishtodefendtheearthquakeintensitylevelmoreandhighly,theductilityrequestofthestructurealsomorelow,choosetousetoestablishtodefendtheearthquakeintensitylevelmoreandlowly,structureofductilityrequestmorehigh.Thestructureductilityguaranteeofpreconditionistheductilityofthemember,passagainaneffectivelyreasonableconjunctioninadoptingaseriesofmeasureguaranteememberthefoundationoftheductility,thestructuresystemchoiceisreasonableinthemeantime,thedegreejustdistributesreasonableofunderconditionabilitybasicassurancestructureofductility.Underneaththiskindofdiscussestheourcountryanti-earthquakenormmostlywayofthinking,thecurrentChinesenormdidn'tadoptavarietytoestablishtodefendtheearthquakeintensityleveltotaketouse,butdon,TedaddadistinctionofunifyanadoptionoftheearthquakedintadjustmentcoefficientR=l0.35Jnthemeantime,mostlyaccordingtoestablishadissimilarityofdefendtheearthquakeintensity,dividethelinethedifferentanti-earthquakegrade,fixattentiononinestablishtodefendearthquakeintensitydifferently,adopttheantiearthquakemeasureofthedifferentassuranceductility.Veryobvioushereexistamisunderstandingofconcept,alsobeaccordingtothetheoriesoftheR-Teffect,thelittlemorethanearthquakedintadjustmentcoefficientR=1/0.35,shouldgivethesameductilityguaranteemeasuretothestructure,buttheChinesenormadoptthedifferentductilityguaranteemeasure,alongwithanti-earthquaketheexaltationofthegrade,ductilityguaranteetheabilitycorrespondtostrengthen.Thiskindofusefulnessofthewayofdoingunderwayandnotthelinemotiverespondofverification,candescribesoasaresultmostly:Forthedistrictof8degrees0.3gand9degrees0.4g,becauseofcorrespondoftheanti-earthquakegradeishigher,themeasureoftheguaranteeductilityisalsostronger,sogenerallyandmoresafe;Andforthedistrictof6degrees0.05gand7degrees0.1g,gainfromheretoofthelevelearthquakeeffectbepartialtosmall,thegenerallotuscarriesanarray,groupiscarriedthecontrolfunctionbythegravitylotus,althoughtoshouldofthemeasureoftheguaranteeductilityisn'tverystrong,canalsoguaranteestructuregenerallyunderthebigearthquakeofnot-flexibletransformoffunction;Buttothedistrictof7degrees0.15gand8degrees0.2g,circumstanceanotherthepersonworry,becauseofatthelotuscarryanarray,group,theearthquakefunctioncanhavegenerallycontrolfunction,butcorrespondmeasureofguaranteetheductilityandbepartialtoweak,sodifficultdon'tneedtoexistcertainpotentialsafetyhazardtosufferfrom.SeeagainothernationalearthquakedintadjustmentcoefficientRtochoosetouse,inordertohavekeptconcreteunderstandingofview:TheearthquakedintadjustmentcoefficientofallcountriesnormprovisionEuropeancommonbodyEC8NewZealandNZS3101AmericanUBC1997ChineseGB50011-2(X)1TheDC',L,'lowductility2.5Theflexibilityrespondsstructure1.25Generalframe3.51/035s2.86IntheDC"M"ductility3.75Limitedductilitystructure3.0Mediumframe5.5TheDC"H"highductility5.0Ductilitystructure6.0Specialframe8.53.AbilityDesignMethodTopapartemphasizedtodiscussthedesignearthquakedinttotaketheproblemofthevalue,butwantedtopromisestructureunderthebigearthquakeoffunction,alsoneedtoestablishthevalidanti-earthquakemeasure,makethestructurereallyhaveneedofkeepverticalloadingunderthedintconditionnot-flexibletransformanability,thisbetheso-calledabilitydesignmethod.AbilitydesignmethodfromNewZealandthereinforcedconcreteanti-earthquakeexpertscholarssuchastheT.ParlayandtheR.Parketc.developmentwithinitiate,mainwayofthinkingistothememberoccasionallymemberdissimilarityinsidethepieceissubjectedtothedintformoftheloadingabilitydifferofcontrol,promisethereinforcedconcretestructureformationthebeamswingjointorganizationandductilitybiggeriscutnoodlestobesubjectedtothedintbreakageappearance,makethestructurehavetoplayplasticitytotransformfunctionenough,promisebigearthquakehourhaveanenoughabilitytoconsumetospreadfunction,avoidcreationbrittlenesstobreakandappeardisadvantageousoforganizationform.Thekeyoftheabilitydesignmethodistheanti-earthquakedesignthatleadsthecontrolconceptintostructure,thereistheleadingformationofthepurposetothebeneficialbreakagemechanismistothestructureandbreakmode,avoidnotreasonableofthestructurebreakappearance,andtryassurancetoanticipatetobreakparttoplayplasticitytotransformanability.Theabilitydesignmethodmainlypassesthefollowingthreekindsofmeasuretogiveassurance:1. Enlargepillaroppositeintheanti-ofthebeam-curvedability,artificialofleadingofthestructureswingjointpart.2. Ra