2020-2021学年人教版必修二同步课件:Unit4 History and traditions.docx
新知幅自主学习I.核心单词(英汉互译)l.Confuciusn.孑L子2. mansionn.公馆;宅第3. philosophyn.哲一学4. individualadj.单独的;个别的n.个人5. heeln足跟;(袜子、鞋等的)后跟6. kingdomn.王国;领域7. chiefadj.最重要的;最高级别的n.(公司或机构的)首领,酋长NesrhuO.ncdyq,.belongadj'vi.附近的;邻近的adv.应在(某处);适应在附近10.currencyILmilitary12.13.conquerbattlen.adj.vt.N.ifI5军事的;军用的占领:捽制战役Ut.&vi.搏斗11.拓展单词(根据词义写单词,并牢记拓展单词)1 .puzzlen.谜,难题vt.使迷惑一PUZZIingadj.令人迷惑的fpuzzledadj.感到困惑的2 .defence11防御;保卫fdefendV.保护,保卫fdefensiveadj.防御性的3legala(合法的一illegalaj.违法的3 .surroundvt.包围surroundingadj.周围的surroundingsn.环境5 .evidencen.证据fevidentadj.明显的6 .achievementn,成就fachievevt.完成;达到;取得7 .1ocationn.位置flocatev.把设置在flocatedadj.位于W8 .fascinatingaj.迷人的一fascinatev.深深吸引一fascinationn.着迷,迷恋Ill重点短语!.leadto导致;通向9 .asto入J'10 join.。.把和连接或联结起来11 breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脱离;背叛;逃脱5.resultin.乂6jferto.as.E称为7. belongto属于8. asWeIlas同(一样也);和;还9. takeover接10. datebackto追溯至!j11. keepyoureyesOPen(for)留心;留意12.addto增加:增添IV.重点句型1 .gettoknow了解GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle.了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。2 .过去分词作后置定语Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样,他们也使用同一面国旗,被称为联合王国国旗。3 .besurprisedtodo吃惊地Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youwillbeSUrPriSedtoEndthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.如果你留心一下,你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。4 .theWay+定语从句TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage,andchangedthewayPeOPIabuilthouses他们带来了起初的英语,并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。篇细研教材精读根据课文内容选择正确答案1 .WhendidSouthernIrelandbreakawayfromtheUK?Alnthe16thcentury.Binthe18thcentury.Clnthe19thcentury.Dlnthe20thcentury.2 .WhatdotheUK,sfourcountrieshaveincommon?A.Theysharethesamenationalday.B.Theysharethesamemilitarydefence.C.Theyhaveacommonlegalsystem.D.Theyhaveacommonsportsteamtocompetebetweencountries.A/nuliwnama±nanlarrroatuatmewmA.TheC.Thegioupoipcopicwdsti1Normans.B.TheVikings.D.TheRD)ttaoat+aotamtua去?Romans.Anglo-Saxons.4 .WhathappenedtoEnglandintheIlthcenturyaccordingtothetext?A.TheRomansbuilttownsandroadsinEngland.B.TheAnglo-SaxonsbroughtintheEnglishlanguage.C.TheNormansbecametheconquerorofEngland.D.TheVikingsintroducedmanynewwordsintoEngland.5 .WhatdoesthelastparagraphmainlA.TheattractionsoftheUK.B.ThelongandinterestinghistoryofC.ThehistoricsitesoftheUK.D.ThepastandpresentoftheUK.Aytalkabout?'theUK.第一版块:核心单词诠译1.puzzlen.谜;智力游戏;疑问vt.迷惑;使困惑(l)beinapuzzle感到困惑beapuzzletosb.对某人来说是个谜(2)puzzleabout/over苦苦思考PUZZIedadj.困惑的,迷惑不解的puzzlingadj.令人迷惑不解的Whatpuzzledmewashowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.令我感到困惑的是怎么会发生这样的事故。I'minapuzzleastohowtogetalongwithhim.对于如何和他相处使我感到困惑。即学即练单句语法填空(I)Youmusthavebeentroubledbywhentosay"Iloveyoubecauseitisoneofthegreatest.PUZZleS(puzzle)inourlife.(2)Theirreasonfordoingitisstillapuzzletome.(3)Thesescientistshavebeenpuzzlingabout/C)Verhowtosolvetheenvironmentalproblem.(4)ThePUZZledlookonherfacesuggestedshewasPUZZledoverthePUZZIingmathsproblem.(puzzle)-ed形容词常说明人的感受或要点必记:说明:-ing形容词常说明事物的性质;修饰人的表情、声音等。egpuzzlingproblems令t迷茫的问题apuzzledIoOk迷茫的表情2.defencen.防御;保卫(1)indefence(of)为了保卫()(2)defendvt.保护;保卫;为辩护defend.from/against.防御;保卫以免受©Indefenceofourmotherlandslargenumberofpeoplelosttheirlives.为了保卫祖国,许多人失去了生命。HehasemployedoneoftheUK,stoplawyerstodefendhim.他请了英国一位顶尖律师为他辩护。即学即练单句语法填空(I)Somethinkthatstudentsshouldbetrainedtodefend(defend)themselvesagainstsomeattacks.(2)Themonumentisinmemoryofthesoldierswhodiedindefence(defend)oftheircountry.(3)Whenadogattackedmejpickedupasticktodefendmyself(I).联想拓展与defend意思相近的单词还有:guardVt.保卫;守卫protectv.保护;防护forefendv.保护;挡开secure。.保护;使安全preservevt.保护(2)表示“保护免受”的表达还有:protect.from/against.secure.against.3. surroundVt围绕;包(1) surround*with用包围besurroundedwithby被包围/环绕(2) surroundingadj.周围的;附近的(3)surroundingsn.环境;周边事物©Theprofessorlikestosurroundhimselfwithhisstudents.那位教授喜欢和他的学生们在一起。Thesmallvillageissurroundedwithgreenmountainsandclearriversattractingvisitorsfromeverycomer.青山绿水环抱着村寨,吸引着各方来客。即学即练单句语法填空(1Surrounded(surround)bytheforest9thevillagelooksverybeautiful.(2)LivinginbeautifulandcomfortableSUrroUndingk(SUrrOlmd).wefeelveryhappy.()lieyaiiwentouttoiookiortneiostcniidintieSUIIOUn(1111g(surround)villages.链接写作完成句子(4)Inaword,youarewelcometoourschoolandIhopeyoucangetUSedtothenewSUrrolmdingSSooli.总之,欢迎你来我们学校并希望你能很快适应新环境。Surroundedbyhisstudents,theoldteacherwasverysatisfiedwiththeirachievements.HetoldthesurroundingstudentstoadapttotheIleWsurroundingsinthefuture.这位老教师被他的学生们包围着,他对他们取得的成就很满意。他告诫周围的学生们要适应未来的新环境。4. evidencen证据;证明(I)Thereissomeevidencethat.有证据证明(2)evidentadj.明显的,明白的It,sevidentthat很明显Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidencethatsmokingcanleadtomanydiseases.现代科学对于吸烟能导致多种疾病已经给出了明确的证据。Itisevidentthatthemanishighlythoughtofinthecompany.很显然,这个人在公司里受到高度评价。献写作完成句子There'sSomeevidencethatOUtdOactivitiesaregdforUS.有证据显示,进行户外活动对我们有好处。图形助记:Itisevidentthatthethiefisstealingthegirswallet.很明显这个小偷正在偷这个女孩的钱包。5.achievementn.成就;成绩(l)makeanachievement取得成就asenseofachievement成就感(2)achievevt.完成;达到vi.成功achieveone,sgoal达至U目标EVenasmallsuccesscangiveyouasenseofachievement.即便是小小的成功也能给你一种成就感。HiSlazinessmakesitimpossibleforhimtoachievehisgoal.他的懒惰使他不可能达到目标。即学即练单句语法填空(1)ThewomanscientistwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforphysics'thosegreatachievements(achieve)madebyher.(2)We'vehadagoodstart,butm0reworkneedstob比LQeuCtoachieve(achieve)thefinalsuccess.语境助记:IfveachievedonlyhalfofwhatIhopedtodo,soIcannotcelebratetheachievementsvemadealthougheveryonesaysIshouldfeelasenseofachievement.我只完成了我希望做的一半,因此我不能庆祝自己所取得的成绩,尽管每个人都说我应该有种成就感。第二版块:重点短语句型解读1 .join.to.把和连接起来(l)jointhearmy/club参军/加入俱乐部joinin参加(比赛、活动等)(2)connect.with.把和联系起来Theisland,joinedtothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogo.岛上有一座桥与大陆相连,去那里很方便。©PeopleallovertheworldusuallyconnectChinawithsilkandgoodfood.世界各地的人们通常把中国与丝绸和美食联系在一起。即学即练补全句子(I)Itlsaidthatmorethantwohundredstudentshavejoinedinthediscussion(参力口讨论).2)AsfarasIknowJtisfiveyearssincehejoinedthearmy(参军)联想拓展:表示“联结,联系”的词组还有:connect.with.link.towith.associate.with.2 .breakaway(fromsbsth.)脱离;背叛;逃脱breakdown损坏;发生故障;分解;累垮breakinto破门而入breakout(战争)爆发;(火灾)突然发生breakup结束;破裂©However,thesouthernpartofIrelandwasunwillingandbrokeawaytoformitsowngovernment.然而,爱尔兰的南部不愿意组建联合王国,它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。Ittookgreatcouragetobreakawayfromhisfamilyatthattime.在那时与家庭决裂需要勇气。.即学即练用break的相关短语填空(I)Ifyougoonworkinglikethat,youwillbreakdownSOOnerorlater.(2)AfirebrokeOUtinthishotellastnightandthreepeoplewerekilled.(3)Withsomanyproblemsunsettled,afewcountrieswantedtobreakawayfromtheUnion.(4)Inmyopinion,marriagebasedonmoneyislikelytobreakUPbreak into中into是介词,后能易错提示:breakin中in是副词,后面不加兵语;加宾语。3.belongto属于(l)belongto表示“属于"不能用于进行时态和被动语态belongingsn.财产;所有物©NomatterwhatHappens9TaiwanbelongstoChina.不论发生什么事情,台湾都属于中国。©ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuturebelongstothewell-educated.威廉姆教授一直告诫他的学生们说未来是属于受过良好教育的人的。即学即练单句语法填空(I)Asisknowntous,Taiwanisaprovincebelonging(belong)toChina.(2)Myfriendwillhelpyoumoveyourbelongings(belong)toyournewhouse.链接写作高考小什F乍又立(3)剪纸有1500多年的历史,属于中国传统的艺术Paper-cuttinghasMhistory例over1,500years,WhiChbelongstotraditionalartinChina.易错提示:belongt。中的t。是介词,该短语既不能用于被动语态,也不能用于进行时态,作后置定语时,形式为"belongingto"OChinaisacountrybelongingtothethirdworld.中国是一个属于第三世界的国家。4 .(教材原文P40)Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样,他们也使用同一面国旗。句型公式:asweUas"既又”,连接并列成分(l)knowndstheUnionJaCk为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词flag。(2)aswellas既又,可连接两个平行结构。动词形式与aswellas之前的主语一致。aswellas连接并列主语时谓语动词与前面的主语一致。YangLiwei,knownasthefirstChineseastronauttoct0UPSPVaQc?isregardedasanationalhero.杨利伟,作为中国第一个进入太空的宇航员,被视为民族英擘。MyfatheraswellashisworkmateshasbeentoBeijing.我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。即学即练单句语法填空(I)Greatscientificachievementswillhaveapositiveeffectonourlifeaswellassociety.(2)Amy,aswellasherbrothers,WaSgiven(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.thB+谓语动词+其他,谓语动词要点必记:Aaswellas/togetherwith/alongwi的单复数由A决定。联想拓展:notonlyAbutalsoB不但A而且B(强调B)AaswellasB不但B而且A(强调A)5 .(教材原文P4)TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguageandchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses.他们介绍了英语的起源,改变了人们建造房屋的方式。句中定语从句PeOPlebuilthouses修饰先行词theway,其前省略了关系词that/inwhicho句型公式:theWay后省略that/inWhiCh的定语从句(1)theWay作先行词,如果关系词that(视为副词)或inWhiCh在定语从句中作状语,引导词that/inWhiCh可以省略。(2) theWay作先行词,如果关系词that/WhiCh在定语从句中作主语,引导词that/WhiCh不能省略。(3) theWay作先行词,如果关系词that/WhiCh在定语从句中作宾语,引导词that/WhiCh可以省略。Thestudentsdidn,tunderstandtheway(that/inwhich)themathsteachersolvedtheproblem.学生们没有理解数学老师解答该题的方法。I'dliketosettletheprobleminawaywhich/thatispeaceful.我想用和平的方法解决这个问题。醴写作F多译我不喜欢她三尔讲话的方式。(I)IdonltliketheWaySheSPeakStoyou.(2)1don,tliketheWayinWhiChSheSPeakStoyou.(which弓导的定语从句)(3)1(htlikethe冲thatSheSpeakStoyou(that弓I导的定语从句)要点必记:way后的定语从句主要判断从句是否缺主语或宾语。缺的时候,the引导词为that/WhiCh;不缺主语或宾语,引导词用that/inWhiCh或可省略教I材助读开放课堂WHAT'SINANAME?1TheUnitedKingdom9GreatBritain,Britain,England-manypeopleareconfusedbywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthemjfany2?GettingtoknowaIittlebitaboutBritiShhistory3willhelpyousolvethispuzzle0.1标题赏析“WHATSINANAME?”用疑问句点出文章的关键信息NAME。以此作为课文标题的好处:一是反映文章的主要内容名字;二是设置悬念,引起读者的阅读兴趣。2 ifany是一个省略句,补充完整为ifthereisanydifferenceo3 GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistory为v.-ing短语,在句中作主语,其谓语常用单数形式。Inthe16thcentury,thenearby2countryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEnglandXaterJnthe18thcentury9thecountryScotlandwasjoinedtocreatetheKingdomofGreatBritain4.Inthe19thcentury,theKingdomofIrelandwasaddedtocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIrelandeFinallyJnthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK9whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday5:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname:theUnitedKingdom"otheUK”.PeoplefromtheUKarecalled“British”,whichmeanstheUKisalsooftenreferredtoasBritainorGreatBritain.4不定式短语tocreatetheKingdomofGreatBritain在句中作结果状语。下句中的tocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland也是作结果状语。5此处为WhiCh引导的非限制性定语从句,WhiCh指代整个主句且在从句中作主语;在该从句中又包含一个省略了关系代词that/WhiCh的定语从句Wehavetoday,其先行词为thefullnameoThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJaCk6aswenassharethesamecurrency,andmilitarydefence.However,theyalsohaveSomedifferences.Forexample,England,WaleS,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystemsandlegalsystems.TheyalsohavetheirowntraditionsJiketheirownnationaldaysandnationaldishes.AndtheyevenhavetheirownfootballteamsforcompetitionsliketheWorldCup!6过去分词短语knownastheUnionJaCk作后置定语,修饰flag。TheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinterestinghistorytoexplore9whichcanhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK7,youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.Thefirstgroup,theRomans,cameinthefirstcentury.Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads.Next,theAnglo-Saxonsarrivedinthefifthcentury.TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage9andchangedthewayPeOPIebuilthouses8.TheVikingscameintheeighthCenturyJeftbehindlotsofnewvocabulary9andalsothenamesofmanylocationsacrosstheUK.TheIaStgroupWeretheNormans.9TheyconqueredEnglandafterthewell-knownBattle22ofHastingsintheIlthcentury.TheyhadCaStIeSbuilt10allaroundEngland,andmadechangesto23thelegalsystem.TheNormanswereFrench,somanyFrenchwordsslowlyenteredintotheEnglishlanguage.【7】此处是everywhere引导的地点状语从句,everywhere表示“到处,处处”8 peoplebuilthouses为省略了关系副词that的定语从句,修饰先行词theway。9 group是集体名词,此处表示组成集体的分散个体,故谓语动词用复数形式;若强调整体,则谓语动词用单数形式。10此处是“havesth.done结构,表示“使被"ThereissomuchmoretolearnabouttheinterestinghistoryandcultureoftheUnitedKingdom.Studyingthehistoryofthecountrywillmakeyourvisitmuchmoreenjoyable11.ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart9asitisanancientport24citythathasahistorydatingallthewaybackto25Romantimes12.Therearecountlesshistoricsitestoexplore,andIotSf11USeur11SwithancientrelicsfromallovertheUK.TheUKisafascinating26mixofhistoryandmodemculture,rithhotilNeTrrandoldtraditions.IfyoukeepyoureyesOPen27,youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.【11此处是“make+兵语十宾补”结构,形容词短语muchmoreenjoyable作宾补。、【12】此处是as引导的原因状语从句,其中又包含一个that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词City;现在分词短语datingallthewaybacktoRomantimes作后置定语,修饰ahistoryo词语积累PUZZIerPAZl/n.谜;智力游戏;疑问vt.迷惑;使困惑puzzling'pZlrnyadj.令人困惑的,令人费解的puzzled'pzldadj.困惑的,迷惑不解的(2)nearbynis'baradj.附近的;邻近的adv.在附近jointo把和连接/联结起来©breakawayfrom从脱离/逃脱©resultin造成,导致©shorten/f0tn/vt.&vi.(使)缩短,变短此处Shorten与name之间是逻辑动宾关系,故用过去分词ShOrtened作前置定语修饰name。©referto.as把称为belong/bllpnyvi.应在(某处);适应belongto属于©arean.领域,范围;方面aswellas也;和;还currencykransi/n.通货;货币思考你知道我国和其他国家的货币单位的英文表达和货币符号吗?miIitary/miltriadj.军事的;军用的defence/drfens/n.防御;保卫defend/drfend/vt.&vi.(为)辩护;保卫,保护(4)legalligladj.法律的;合法的反义illegaladj.非法的,违法的surround/sa'raund/vt.围绕;包围evidence/'evidans/n.证据;证明takeOVer控制,接管(政党、国家等)(Dachievementaltivmant/n成就;成绩;达到achievev.实现;获得成功IeaVebehind留下;落后思考你还知道哪些IeaVe构成的短语呢?IocationZlskerfnn.地方;地点;位置Qconquerlkpke(r)vt.占领;征服;控制conquerorkpker9(r)n.征月艮者2battle'batl/n.在役;搏斗vt&vi.搏斗;奋斗23makechangesto对作出改变84portpot/n.港口(城市)25datebackto(=datefrom)追溯到RofaSCinatingPfasnertrnyadj.极有吸弓力的;迷人的fascinatev.深深吸引,迷住fascinatedadj.入迷的,极感兴趣的2Dkeepone,seyesopen(for)留心;田思文化采风1.theUnionJaCk英国国旗英国国旗的正式名称是the丁,1L4ss也常常称为“theUnionJack"。Jack是海军用语,指悬挂在舰首的旗帜,英国军舰舰首都悬挂国旗,因而得名。2.BattleofHastings黑斯廷斯战役是1066年10月14日,英格兰国王哈罗德葛温森的盎格鲁一撒克逊军队和诺曼底公爵威廉一世的军队在黑斯廷斯地域进行的一场交战,威廉取得决定性胜利并入主伦敦。黑斯廷斯战役是历史上最后一次对英国成功的军事入侵,自此再也没有人能成功征服英国。黑斯廷斯战役,在英国历史上是一次重要战役,英国从此完成了统一国家的历史使命。名字有什么意义?联合王国,大不列颠,不列颠,英格兰一一许多人对这些不同名字的含义感到困惑。如果确有不同含义的话,那它们之间的区别是什么呢?了解一点英国历史将有助于你解开这个疑惑。16世纪,邻国威尔士加入英格兰王国。随后,18世纪,苏格兰并入,从而创建了大不列颠王国。19世纪,爱尔兰王国加入,形成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后,在20世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离英国,最终形成了我们现在的英国全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只使用其简称:“联合王国”或“英国”。来自英国的人被称为“British(英国人)”,这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。属于英国的这四个国家在某些领域携手并进。像拥有同样的货币和国防一样,他们也使用同一面国旗。然而,他们也有不同之处。比如,英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰以及北爱尔兰都有着不同的教育体系和法律体系。他们也拥有自己的传统,像自己的国庆节和国菜。他们甚至有自己的足球队参加世界杯这样的(国际)赛事!英国有着悠久而有趣的历史可供探索,这些历史可以帮助你更多地了解这个国家和它的传统。在英国,几乎无论你走到何处,你都会被来自四个不同群体的人留下的痕迹所包围,他们在不同的历史时期统治着英国。第一批是罗马人,于公元一世纪来到这里。他们的伟大功绩包括建设城镇和道路。接下来,是公元五世纪来到这里的盎格鲁一撒克逊人。他们带来了英语的开端,还改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人出现在八世纪,留下了许多新的词汇,也给英国许多地方赋予了名字。最后一批是诺曼人。他们在11世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英国。他们在英格兰各地建造了许多城堡,对法律体系进行了改革。诺曼人是法国人,所以许多法语单词慢慢地传入了英语。有关英国有趣的历史和文化,需要学习的还有很多。研究这个国家的历史会让你的旅行更加愉悦。首都伦敦是一个很;不错的起点,因为它是一个古老的港口城市,可追溯到罗马时代。这里有着无数的历史遗迹可以探索,还有许多博物馆收藏着来自英国各地的古代文物。英国是一个古老历史和现代文化交融的迷人国度,新旧传统兼而有之。如果你留心观察,你会惊奇地发现自己可以看到它的过去和现在。课时达标随堂自测I.单词拼写1.Hestayedinthevillageforthreemonth