简单句和疑问句_教案.docx
2019年初三英语语法课程简单句和疑问句一、课程介绍知识点:简单句的根本句型疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句)教学重点:根本句型中成分初步判定和识别疑问句分类及用法教学难点:简单句根本句型中成分判定反义疑问句的用法二、知识精要1、简单句的根本句型简单句的根本形式由一个主语加一个谓语构成,其他各种句子形式都是由此句型开展而来的,如五大根本句型:主语+不及物动词(S+V)这种句型简称为主谓结构,其谓语一般都是不及物动词。ThebOySareSWimminghaPpily.男孩们正在快乐地游泳。注意:(1)动词是不及物动词,后面不能跟宾语,也无被动语态。(2)很多情况下,不及物动词由副词或其他的状语修饰,有的动词如果不加状语修饰,句意可能不完整。例如:Shelived,ShelivedintheCoUntry.她住在那个国家。主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+0)这种句型可称为主谓宾结构,它的谓语一般多是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词。TheyWillViSittheBird'SNeStthisweekend.主语谓语宾语他们这周末要去参观鸟巢。主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)这种句型称为主系表结构,其实连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词。Itiscoolinautumn,andtheleavesturnyellow.秋天凉爽,树叶变黄。系动词有三类:a.状态的连系动词有:be,seem,appear,stand,sit,live,stay,keep等;b.表示感官的连系动词有:look,sound,smell,feel,taste等;c.表示变化的连系动词有:get,go,become,turn,grow等主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)O这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构,其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词,两个宾语一个是间接宾语,一个是直接宾语。Herfatherboughtheradoll.主语谓语间宾直宾她父亲给她买了个布娃娃。主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补(S+V+O+C)这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构,其补语是宾语补语,与宾语一起构成复合宾语。WCmustkeepOUrCIaSSroomclean.主语谓语宾语宾补我们必须保持教室清洁。2、疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句)一般疑问句一般疑问句的根本结构为:be+主语+其他;助动词(或情态动词)+主语+谓语(动词原形)+其他。对一般疑问句作肯定答复时,通常是:Yes,主语+be助动词/情态动词;作否认答复时,通常是:No,主语+be助动词/情态动词+not。not一般要与前面的词语构成缩略形式。一般疑问句中需注意的几个问题:a.情态动词must提问时,否认答复用needn't或don'thaveto。eg:一MustIgonow?我必须现在就去吗?一Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.是的。/不,不必。b.否认的一般疑问句通常是以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头,往往表示惊讶、赞叹、疑心等语气。注意yes和no在翻译成中文时与其原意正好相反。E.g.:Don'tyouhearofthat?难道你没听说过这件事?(表示惊讶)一Yes,1do./No,Idon't.不,我听说过。/是的,我没有听说过。特殊疑问句由疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句,不能用YeS或No答复,读时用降调。特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词H般疑问句”构成。常见疑问代词有:who,whom,what,which,whose等;疑问副词有:when,where,how,why,howold,howmany,howoften,howSoOn等。常见的特殊疑问句a.询问时间:Whendiditstart?它什么时候开始的?b.询问地点:Wheredotheycomefrom?他们来自哪里?c.询问人或关系:Whoishe?他是谁?Whocalledyou?谁打给你?Who/Whomareyougoingwith?你打算跟谁一起去?d.询问原因:Whydoyoulikepandas?你为什么喜欢熊猫?e.询问天气:Howistheweathertoday?今天天气怎么样?Whatistheweatherliketoday?今天天气怎么样?f.询问频率:HowoftendoyouwatchTV?你多久看一次电视?g.询问颜色:Whatcolorisyourschoolbag?你的书包是什么颜色的?h.询问年龄:Howoldistheboy?这男孩多大了?i.询问距离:Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?从你家到学校有多远?j.询问数量:Howmanyapplesdoweneed?我们需要多少苹果?Howmuchhoneydowcneed?我们需要多少蜂蜜?k.询问价格:HowmuchistheT-shirt?这件T恤衫多少钱?选择疑问句提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方作出选择答复的问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句中两种或两种以上的情况用Or连接,答复时不能用yes或no,要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。语调一般是前升后降。选择疑问句可以分为一般选择疑问句和特殊疑问句两种。a. 一般选择疑问句:一般疑问句+or+被选择的局部?e. g.:一Doyoulikeapplesorpears?你喜欢苹果还是梨?一Ilikepears.我喜欢梨。b.特殊选择疑问句:特殊疑问句+AorB?f. g.:Whichwouldyoulikebetter,teaorcoffee?茶或咖啡,你更喜欢哪一种?一I'dlikecoffee.我喜欢咖啡。反意疑问句反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问的句子。反意疑问句由两局部组成,前一局部为陈述句,后一局部为简短的一般疑问句。假设前局部为肯定句,后一局部就要用否认形式,而且必须用缩略形式;假设前一局部用否认形式,后一局部就用肯定形式。即:”前肯后否,前否后肯"。两局部的人称和时'、常见的需殊的反意疑问句a.当陈述局部含有否认意义的词如hardly,few,little,no,nobody,noone,nothing等时,附加疑问局部须用肯定形式。但假设陈述局部含有带否认前缀如im,un,dis等的派生词,仍作为肯定结构,附加疑问句局部用否认式。b.Iam.反意疑问句附加疑问句局部应为aren'tIoc.如果陈述局部是肯定或否认的祈使句,疑问局部须用willyouoe.当陈述局部是let'sdosth.时,疑问局部须用shallWe来反问;而当陈述局部是letsb.dosth.时,疑问局部用Willyou来反问。f.陈述局部的谓语是USedto时,附加疑问句局部用“didn't+主语”或"usedn't+主语"。如:Heusedtogotobedlate,didn,theusedn,the?他过去睡觉很晚,对吗?g.need的反意疑问句need是实义动词。如:Weneedtocomeearlier,don'twe?我们需要来早点,对吗?need是情态动词。如:Weneedn'tcomesoearly,needwe?我们不必来那么早,对吗?h.当陈述局部主语是不定代词nobody,somebody,noone时,疑问句局部须用复数代词they,也可以用he;当陈述局部主语是不定代词nothing,something,疑问局部须用代词it。1 .假设陈述局部为therebe句型,附加疑问句局部仍用b。(not)thereoj.主从复合句的反意疑问句附加疑问句局部的助动词与人称应与主句的谓语动词和人称保持一致。假设宾语从句的主语为iiIthinksupposebelievew等表示说话人的看法,反意疑问句的疑问局部应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致。k.反鲁疑问句的答复,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes;事实是否认的,就要用n。要特别注意陈述句局部是否认结构,反意疑问句局部用肯定式提问时,答复yes或n。与汉语翻译正好相反,yes要译成“不",n。要译成“是。如:一Helikesplayingfootball,doesn'tho?他喜欢踢足球,是吗?一Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.是的O/不是。一Hissisterdidn'tattendthemeeting,didshe?他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?一Yestshedid./No,shedidn't.不,她参加了。/是的,她没参加三、要点讲练【要点1】简单句的根本句型【例题】1、请写出下面的简单句属于五种根本类型中的哪一种。S+VS+V+PS+V+OS+V+IO+DOS+V+O+CHiSfatherdiedlastyear.()Thefunnyboyoftenmakesuslaugh.()©Tomgavemeabeautifulpresent.()YiJialingisahandsomeplayer.()Heneverbuysjunkfood.()YaoMingisafamousbasketballplayer.()©Theoldmanfoundthedogdeadthenextday.()Iwillshowmypicturestoyoutomorrow.()Mydictionaryislost.()Thecottonfeelssoft.()【解析】分析句子成分可知【答案】1.S+V2.S+V+O+C3.S+V+IO+DO4.S+V+P5.S+V+O6.S+V+P7.S+V+O+C8.S+V+IO+DO9.S+V+P10.S+V+P【要点2】疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句)1、 一doyougoshopping?Sometimes.A.HowoftenB.HowlongC.HowfarD.Howmuch【解析】由答语“有时"可知询问频率【答案】A2、_haveyoubeeninthesportsclub?SincethefirstmonthIcametotheschool.A.HowoldB.HowlongC.HowmuchD.Howsoon【解析】考查疑问副词的用法。howold表示“多大,用来提问年龄;howlong表示“(延续)多长时间”,用for或since引导的时间状语来答复;howoften表示"多久一次",指动作的频率;howsoon表示“还要多久才",一般用于将来时,用“in”引导的时间状语来答复。由答语可知,提问的是一段时间。【答案】B3、 一Isyourfriendaboyoragirl?A.No,sheisn,tB.girlCThegirlD.YeS,Sheis【解析】选择疑句句不用YeS或No答复,排除A、D项;根据问句,答复用agirl。【答案】B4、Thereislittlewaterinthebottle,?A.isitB.isn'titC.isthereD.isn,tthere【解析】此题考查反意疑问句的用法。句子由therebe引导,反意疑问句也应由therebe构成,故排除选项A和B;IittIe意为“很少,几乎没有,表示否认意义,故反意疑问句用肯定形式。【答案】C5、It'ssunnytoday.Let'sflykitesinthepark,?【解析】以let's引导的反意疑问句应用ShaIlwe【答案】shallwe6、 isthenumberofthestudentsinyourschool?Abouttwothousand.AnumberofthemarefromEngland.A.WhatB.WhereC.WhichD.Who【解析】what,sthenumberof意为”的数量是多少”。【答案】A7、一Excuseme,canIgettothenearestbookshop?Goalongthisroadandyouwillfinditonyourright.A.whyB.whereC.whenD.how【解析】问路句型,HowcanIgettosp.?。【答案】D8、 didyouworkouttheprobleminsuchashorttime?一WithMr.Li'shelp.A.WhenB.WhereC.HowD.Which【解析】When提问时间;Where提问地点;how提问怎样;WhiCh提问哪一个【答案】C【即学即用】选择适当的疑问词Whosewhichhowsoonhowmanywho3. cameraisthat?4. teachersarethereinyourschool?About200.Onethirdofthemarementeachers.5. -willtheinvitationsbesenttoorguests?一Inthreedays.【答案】LWho2.Which3.whose4.soonX【链接中考】_willthematchbetweenHASandBIGbeheld?Inourschoolstadium.A.WhenB.WhereC.WhyD.How【解析】此题考查疑问副词用法,根据答句可知问地点,选Howmany5.How【答案】B这周的英文报纸你看了吗?【解析】此题考查一般疑问句,时态为现在完成时。【答案】HaveyoureadtheEnglishnewspaperofthisweek?(3) areyougoingbacktoLondon,Tony?AttheendofJuly.A.HowB.WhenC.WhyD.Where【解析】此题考查疑问副词用法,根据答句可知问时间,选B。【答案】BBetty,doyoustartcelebratingNewYearinAmerica?一OnDecember31st.A.WhenB.WhereC.WhyD.How【解析】此题考查疑问副词用法,根据答句可知问时间,选A。【答案】A邮件已经发给你了,收到了吗?【解析】此题考查一般疑问句,时态为现在完成时。【答案】Haveyoureceivedit?艾尔斯岩(AyersRock)长3600米,高348米。【解析】此题考查陈述句,时态为一般现在时【答案】AyersRockis3600meterslongand348metershigh.妈妈让我每天自己整理房间【解析】此题考查简单句主谓宾宾补结构中的动词不定式。【答案】Mumasksmetotidyuptheroommyselfeveryday.大连人口是多少?【解析】此题考查特殊疑问句。【答案】What,sthepopulationofDalian?四、根底达标1、单项选择200 years old?1.一WillpeoplelivetobeTheycan'tlivesolong.C. Yes, they do D. Yes, they won'tA.No,theywon,tB.No,theydon't2.Mydictionarymybookareonthedesk.A.orB.andC./D.but3.Don,teathamburgersdrinkteainyourbedroom!A.andB.orC.withD./4.human beingsA. Both; and B. Either; oranimalscanlivewithoutair.C.Notonly;butalsoD.Neither;nor5.Youcan,thavethemboth.Youcanchoosethebikethetoycar.A.either;orB.both;andC.notonly;butalsoD.neither;nor6.andseeafilmthisafternoon?That, s a good A. Why don, t goidea.B. Why not goC. Why not to goD. Why docsn, t go7.doyou havean English party?Once a month.A. How old8. -Oh, my God! 一What, s wrong?B. HowI reallyfardon' t knowC. How oftennext.D.How longA.9.when to do-How far isCan I help you ?B. how to do it it from your home tousually takes twenty minutesC. how to do your school? to schoolfromA.It; rideB. It;to rideC. It, s; rideD.my10.exciting momentwhat to do ithome.D. It, s; to rideit is to score three goals against AtleticoMadrid!Ycah,Ronaldoisgreat.Heismyhero.A. What anB. WhatC. How anD. How11. bigsuccessthefashionshowwas!D. How aA.WhatB.HowC.Whata12. TheworldtopplayerLeelostthegameagainstthecomputerprogramAlphago.一surprisingnews!A.WhataB.WhatC.HowD.Howa【答案】1.A2.B3.B4.D5.6.B7.C8B9.BIO.All.A12.B2、用所给词的适当形式填空1. They(finish)theworkintwoweeks.2. Howlongit(take)togettheretomorrow?3. Oldpeopleenjoy(stay)inquietplaces.4. TomorrowisSunday.Lily(visit)hergrandparents.5. itgoingto(be)hottomorrow?6. Whatyou(do)thisweekend?-I,mgoingtoplayvolleyball.【答案】1. willfinish2. willtake3. staying4. willvisit5. Isbe6. aregoingtodo3、翻译句子1 .一只大象的重量是一个成人重量的一百倍多。Anelephantweighsmorethanheavierthananadultperson.2 .在困难面前,我们应从不放弃。Weshouldneverinthedifficulties.3 .据我所知,她是家最小的。sheistheyoungestinherhome.4 .这个房间和那个房间一样大。Thisroomisthatone.5 .谢谢你照料我的花。Thankyouformyflowers.6 .爬山是世上最危险的运动之一。Mountainclimbingisoneofintheworld.7 .昨晚曼迪花半小时完成作业Mandyhalfanhourherhomeworklastnight.8 .这棵树是有用的。别砍倒它。Thistreeishelpful.Don,t9 .世界上最长的河是什么河?riverintheworld?10 .汤姆比班里的其他同学都跳得高。Tomjumpsintheclass.【答案】1. onehundredtimes2. giveupfaceof3. AsfarasIknow4. asbig/largeas5. takingcareof6. themostdangeroussports7. spentfinishing8. cutitdown9. What,sthelongest10. higherthananyotherstudent