美国名人前第一夫人、环保活动家伯德约翰逊夫人.docx

美国名人前第一夫人、环保活动家伯德约翰逊夫人1.adyBirdJohnson:TheFormerFirstLadyWasanEnvironmentalActivistWhoMadeAmericaMoreBeautifulplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:19repeatByDanaDemange2007-8-4VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutLadyBirdJohnson.SheisbestknownforbeingthewifeofPresidentLyndonBainesJohnsonwholedthenationduringthenineteensixties.ButMissusJohnsonwasalsoaninfluentialenvironmentalactivist,tirelesscampaignerandsuccessfulbusinesswoman.SheshowedgreatstrengthandheroismduringatenseperiodinAmericanhistory.HerworktomakeAmericabeautifulcanstillbeseentodayinfloweringfields,roads,andparksacrossthecountry.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:1.adyBirdJohnsonwasbornClaudiaAltaTaylorinnineteentwelve.TheTaylorfamilylivedinthesmalltownofKarnack,Texas.Claudia'sfather,ThomasJeffersonTaylorzownedtwostoresaswellasthousandsofhectaresforcottonproduction.Hermother,MinnieTaylorzdiedwhenClaudiawasonlyfiveyearsold.AwomanwhoworkedfortheTaylorfamilygaveClaudiahernickname.AliceTittlesaidthesmallchildwas"aspurtyasaladybird."VOICETWO:Claudiahadtwoolderbrotherswhowentawaytoschool.Shespentmanyhoursbyherselfexploringthenaturalbeautyofthefieldsandforestsnearherhome.ShesaidshegrewuplisteningtothewindinthepinetreesoftheEastTexaswoods.Shesaidherheartfounditshomeinthebeauty,mystery,orderanddisorderofthefloweringearth.Claudiaattendedpublicschoolsandworkedhardatherstudies.Butshewasveryshyanddidnotlikeattention.Whenshegraduatedfromhighschool,shehadthethirdhighestgradesintheclass.Shereportedlymadesureshefinishedthirdtoavoidgivingthegraduationspeechrequiredbythetoptwostudentsintheclass.VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty-fourLadyBirdgraduatedfromtheUniversityofTexasinAustinwithdegreesinhistoryandjournalism.Sheplannedtoteachorworkasatheatercritic.ButthenshemetanenergeticcongressionalassistantnamedLyndonBainesJohnson.TheyoungpoliticianfromTexasaskedhertomarryhimontheirfirstdate.AfterweeksofpressurefromMisterJohnson,LadyBirdacceptedhismarriageproposal.HereisMissusJohnsontalkingaboutherfirstmeetingwithherfuturehusband:1.ADYBIRDJOHNSON:"Wehadabreakfastdate,butwewoundupbyspendingthewholedaytogether,ridingandtalking.Well,hereallyletmeknowbeforethedaywasoverthathewantedtomarryme.AndIthoughtthisimpossible.Butontheotherhand,therewasonethingIknewIjustcouldn'tbeartohavehappenandthatwastosaygoodbye,goodbyeperiod."VOICETWO:1.yndonJohnsonwasbusyplanninghispoliticalcareer.Withinthreeyears,heranforaseatintheUnitedStatesCongressandwon.LadyBirdJohnsonhadgivenhimtenthousanddollarstogethiscampaignstarted.WhenJapaneseplanesattackedAmericanshipsatPearlHarbor,Hawaiiinnineteenforty-one,MisterJohnsonjoinedthenavytofightinWorldWarTwo.MissusJohnsonstayedinWashington,D.C.andsupervisedhiscongressionalofficeduringtheeightmonthshewasaway.Herexcellentorganizationalskillsandsmartpoliticalsensemadeherperfectforthejob.VOICEONE:AfterMisterJohnsonreturned,LadyBirdJohnsonsoonfoundanewproject.SheusedaboutseventeenthousanddollarsoffamilymoneytobuyasmallradiostationinAustin,Texas.Theradiostationwasindebtandhadasmallbroadcastrange.MissusJohnsonusedherhusband'sconnectionswiththeFederalCommunicationsCommissiontoincreasetheradiostation'spowerandrange.Soon,thestationstartedmakingmoneyandthecompanyexpandedintotelevisionaswell.MissusJohnsonwaspresidentofthefamilycompany,LBJCompany.ShetraveledfromWashingtontoAustineveryweektotakecareofbusiness.DuringthistimetheJohnsonfamilystartedtogrow.LadyBirdhadadaughter,LyndaBird,innineteenforty-four.Aseconddaughter,LuciBaineszwasbornthreeyearslater.LyndonJohnson'spowerinpoliticsalsocontinuedtogrow.Innineteenforty-eighthewaselectedtotheUnitedStatesSenate.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Innineteensixty,JohnF.KennedyranforpresidentoftheUnitedStateswithLyndonJohnsonasvicepresident.MissusKennedywasunabletotravelandcampaignforthecandidatesbecauseofherpregnancy.MissusJohnsonbravelyacceptedthejob.Shevisitedelevenstatestohelpexpressthegoalsofthecandidates.Theywontheelection.MissusJohnsonwasalsoatherhusband'ssidewhenhevisitedTexaswithPresidentandMissusKennedyonNovembertwenty-second,nineteensixty-three.AfterthetragicshootingofPresidentKennedyinDallas,securityofficialsledtheJohnsonstothepresidentialplanetoflybacktoWashington.Duringtheflight,MissusJohnsonandMissusKennedywatchedasLyndonJohnsonwassworninasPresidentoftheUnitedStates.VOICEONE:IntheweeksafterthisnationaltragedyLyndonJohnsonworkedhardtoshowAmericansthathecouldbeastrongpresident.Withhisstrongsupport,hegotCongresstopasstheCivilRightsActofnineteensixty-four.Thislawbanneddiscriminationbasedon"race,color,religion,ornationalorigin"inpublicplacesandfederalprograms.Butthelawwasnotpopularwithmanywhitevotersinthesouthernpartofthecountry.Onceagain,LadyBirdJohnsoncametotherescue.AspartofLyndonJohnson'snineteensixty-fourcampaignforpresidentshebecameaspokesmanforthelaw.LadyBirdJohnsonvisitedimportantsouthernstatesalthoughDemocraticgovernorsfearedforhersafety.Shetraveledthroughpoorareastalkingtoangrycrowdswhowereagainstherhusband'scivilrightspolicies.LadyBirdJohnsonknewhowtogiveapowerfulandexpressivespeech.Shewonovertheloudcrowdswithhergentlemannerandcalmingsouthernaccent.ShetoldthemthatitwastimetoendtheSouth'sracistpastandmoveintothemodernworld.Themedialaterwrotethatshestoodasafearlessmoralrepresentativeofherhusband.And,herworkpaidoff.LyndonJohnsonwontheelection.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThehistorianLewisGouldhassaidMissusJohnsonandherpresssecretaryLizCarpenterwerethefirsttoestablishthejobofthemodernfirstlady.MissusJohnsonrealizedthatthewifeofthepresidentneededtohaveherownteamofworkers.Shemadesureshehadadirectorofemployeesaswellasasocialdirector.LadyBirdJohnson'sbusinessexperienceandsenseoforganizationhelpedcreateaveryeffectivesystemforfuturefirstladiesandtheircauses.VOICEONE:AsfirstIadyzMissusJohnsonbecameanenergeticactivistforeducationalandenvironmentalissues.ShehelpedsupportHeadStart,apublicprogramaimedatgivingeducationalandhealthservicestoyoungchildrenfrompoorfamilies.ShestartedtheSocietyforaMoreBeautifulNationalCapitol.ItsaimwastoimprovethebeautyofWashingtonbyplantingtreesandflowersinpublicareasandparks.MissusJohnsonunderstoodthattheseimprovementswerealsolinkedtoimportantissuessuchaspollution,publictransportation,mentalhealth,andcrimerates.VOICETWO:ButsheismostwellknownforhelpingtocreateTheBeautificationActofnineteensixty-five.ItaimedtoprotectAmerica'snaturalbeautybylimitingadvertisingsignsandcleaningupwasteareasonthecountry'sroadsandhighways.Thelawalsosupportedtheplantingoflocalflowersandtrees.HereisMissusJohnsontalkingaboutherenvironmentalefforts:1.ADYBIRDJOHNSON:"Cleanwater,cleanuptherivers,wildernessareas,morenationalparks,allofthatwasapartofouraimandthrustandwhatwetriedtodo.vehadalifelongloveaffairwithnature,aparticularaccentonwildflowers,nativeplantsforthewholebroadfaceofAmerica.IhopeeverybodycouldenjoytheirlittlepieceOfAmericaasmuchasIhaveenjoyedmine."VOICEONE:1.yndonJohnsonandLadyBirdJohnsonhadadifficultfour-yearterm.ThepresidentfacedstrongoppositionabouttheUnitedStatesinvolvementinthewarinVietnam.Innineteensixty-eight,PresidentJohnsonsurprisedthenationbyannouncingthathewouldnotseekreelectionaspresident.TheJohnsonsleftpoliticsandreturnedhometoTexas.MisterJohnsondiedofaheartattackinnineteenseventy-three.VOICETWO:1.adyBirdJohnsoncontinuedhertirelessworktoimprovethecountry'snaturalenvironment.ShecreatedtheNationalWildflowerResearchCenterinnineteeneighty-two.Thecenterhelpstoeducatepeopleabouttheenvironmentalimportanceandvalueofnativeplants.MissusJohnsondiedintwothousandsevenattheageofninety-four.HermemorylivesinthemanyfieldsofwildflowersthatcolortheroadsofAmerica.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyDanaDemange.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.YoucandownloadscriptsandaudioofourprogramsatWWW.51VOA.COM.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.