美国名人画家乔治娅·欧姬芙.docx

美国名人画家乔治娅欧姬芙Georgia0,Keeffeplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByCatyWeaver2004-9-11(THEME)VOICEONE:mGwenOuten.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Todaywetellaboutoneofthegreatestpaintersofthetwentiethcentury,GeorgiaO'Keeffe.(THEME)VOICEONE:Americahasproducedmanygreatpaintersinthepastone-hundredyears.GeorgiaO'Keeffeisoneofthemostpopularandeasilyrecognizedartists.Peopledonotmistakeherworkforanyoneelse,s.Peoplecanimmediatelyidentifyherpaintingsofhuge,colorfulflowersorbonesindream-likedeserts.GeorgiaO'Keeffesaidshedidnotknowhowshegottheideatobeanartist.But,shesaidztheideacameearly.Sherememberedannouncingwhenshewastwelveyearsoldthatsheplannedtobeanartist.VOICETWO:Georgiawasbornineighteeneightyseven,thesecondofsevenchildren.HerparentsweresuccessfulfarmersinthemiddlewesternstateofWisconsin.Georgia'smotheralsohadculturalinterests.ShemadesurethatGeorgiaandhersistersstudiedartzinadditiontotheirusualschoolsubjects.BythetimeGeorgiawassixteen,theO'KeeffefamilyhadmovedtoWilliamsburgzVirginia.AfterGeorgiafinishedschool,sheattendedtheArtInstituteofChicago,Illinois.Georgiawasespeciallypleasedwiththehelpshegotfromherteacher,JohnVanderpoel.ShelaterwrotethatJohnVanderpoelwasoneofthefewrealteacherssheknew.VOICEONE:Innineteen-oh-sevenzO'KeeffebeganayearattheArtStudentsLeagueinNewYorkCity.ThefamouspainterWilliamMerrittChasewasoneofherteachers.ChasehadagreatinfluenceonO'Keeffe'searlyartisticdevelopment.Shedescribedhimasfreshzfullofenergyandfierce.Sheseemedtounderstandandagreewithhisstyleofpainting.Then,innineteen-oh-eightzGeorgiaO'Keeffelefttheworldoffineart.ShemovedbacktoChicagoandworkedintheadvertisingbusiness.Shedrewpicturesofproductstobesold.HerparentshadbeenstrugglingfinanciallyforsometimeinVirginia.Laterzhermotherbecamesickwithtuberculosis.SomearthistorianssuspectthesewerethemainreasonsGeorgiaO'Keeffespentfouryearsinbusinessinsteadofcontinuingherstudies.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Innineteentwelve,O'KeeffereturnedtoartschoolattheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville.ArtistandteacherArthurWesleyDowtaughtthatartshouldfillspaceinabeautifulway.Thistheoryinfluencedandchangedherwork.O'KeefealsolearnedabouttheRussianpainterWassilyKandinsky.Hewantedartiststorepresenttheinnerspiritinouterthings.O'KeeffeconsideredKandinsky1Swritingsatreasure.Shereadthemthroughoutherlife.VOICEONE:Innineteenfifteen,GeorgiaO'Keeffedecidedthatmuchofwhatshehadbeentaughtinartschoolwasoflittlevalue.Shedecidedtohangrecentworkshehaddoneonthewallofherhome.Sheexamineditanddidnotfindherselfintheart.Shewrotethatshehadbeentaughttoworklikeothers.Shedecidedthenthatshewouldnotspendherlifedoingwhathadalreadybeendone.GeorgiaO'Keeffebegantosearchforherownstyle.Sheusedonlycharcoal,theblackmaterialmadefromburnedwood.Inherbookaboutherlife,shewrotethatshedecidedtolimitherselftocharcoaluntilshefoundshereallyneededcolortodowhatsheneededtodo.Shewrotethatsixmonthslatershefoundsheneededthecolorblue.Sheuseditforawatercolorpaintingshecalled"BlueLines."VOICETWO:GeorgiaO'KeeffehadmetthefamousartcriticandphotographerAlfredStieglitz(STEEG-Iits)athisNewYorkCitygalleryinnineteen-oh-eight.Theirfriendshipgrewastheywroteletterstoeachother.Innineteenfifteen,O'KeeffetoldafriendthatshewantedherarttopleaseAlfredStieglitzmorethananyoneelse.ThatfriendshowedO'Keeffe'scharcoaldrawingstoStieglitz.Stieglitzlikedherdrawingsenoughtoshowtheminhisartgallery,calledTwoNinetyOne.VOICEONE:AlfredStieglitzwasamajorforcebehindshowsofGeorgiaO'Keeffe'sworkforthenexttwenty-fiveyears.Herfirstindividualshowathisgallerywaswellreceived.Shesoldherfirstpieceatthatshowinnineteenseventeen.StieglitzbecameO'Keeffe'sstrongestsupporter.Sevenyearslaterhebecameherhusband.Hewastwenty-fouryearsolderthanhisnewwife.TherelationshipbetweenGeorgiaO'KeeffeandAlfredStieglitzwasnotaneasyone.O'Keeffeoncesaidthattoher"hewasmuchmorewonderfulinhisworkthanasahumanbeing."Butzshealsosaidshelovedhimforwhatseemed"clearandbrightandwonderful."Thetworemainedmarrieduntilhisdeathinnineteenfortysix.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:GeorgiaO'KeeffealsohadalongloverelationshipwiththesouthwesternpartoftheUnitedStates.Thedesertenvironmentwasthesubjectofmanyofherpaintings.O'KeeffehadmovedtothestateofTexaswhenshewastwenty-five.Sheacceptedatwo-yearpositionassupervisorofartinthepublicschoolsofAmariIIozTexas.1.ater,shetaughtinasmalltown.Shewroteaboutlongwalksonnarrowpathsinacanyonnearthattown.Thedangerousclimbsinandoutofthecanyonwerelikenothingshehadknownbefore.Shewrotethatmanypaintingscamefromexperienceslikethat.Inonesuchpainting,thecanyonisshownasahugedeepholeofmanycolors-redszorangesandyellows.Itlooksasifitisonfire.Thecanyonfillsmostofthepicture.Asmallareaofblueskyinthedistancelendsadditionaldepthtothepicture.VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty,GeorgiaO'KeeffebeganspendingmostofhersummersinthestateofNewMexico.Shecalledit"thefaraway."Shepaintedbigpicturesofdesertflowersandthehighrockyhills.Shealsobegantopaintpicturesofthebonesshefoundduringwalksnearhersummerhome.Mostofherpaintingssharethequalitiesoflargenessofsubjectandrichnessofcolor.Theartistdiscussedthosetwoqualitiesinherbook,called"GeorgiaO'Keefe."Shewrotethatcolorismoreexactinmeaningthanwords.Later,shewrotethatshefoundshecouldsaythingswithcolorandshapethatshecouldnotexpressinwords.Shealsospokeofaspecialneedtopainthersubjectslargerthantheyareinlife.Sheseemedtowanttoforcepeopletoseemoredeeplyintoobjectssuchasflowers.Shetriedtoshowthedifferentshapesandcolorswithinasingleflower.TheartistsaidshewouldmakeevenbusyNewYorkerstaketimetoseewhatshesawinflowers.VOICETWO:O'Keeffewasangeredbysomecriticismofherworkovertheyears.Sherejectedcritics'claimsthattherewasdeepsexualmeaninginherpaintingsofflowers.Shesaidthatpeoplelinkedtheirownexperienceofaflowertoherpaintings.Shesuggestedthatcriticswroteaboutherflowerpaintingsasiftheyknewwhatshewasseeingandthinking.But,shesaid,theydidnotknow.GeorgiaO'Keeffealwaysarguedthatwhatothersthinkoftheartist'sworkisnotimportant.Sheoncewrotetoafriend,".lldoasIplease."VOICEONE:GeorgiaO'KeeffeboughtherfirsthouseinNewMexicoinnineteenforty.AfterAlfredStieglitzdied,shemovedto"thefaraway'"permanently.ShelivedinNewMexicofortherestofherlife.Intheearlynineteenseventies,O'Keeffebeganlosinghersightbecauseofaneyedisease.Shestoppedworkingwithoilpaints,butcontinuedtoproducewatercolorpaintings.Aroundthesametime,shemetayoungartistwhowouldbecomeveryimportanttoher.JuanHamiltonmadepottery,objectsofclay.HebecameO'Keeffe'sassistantandfriend.Theyalsotravelledtogether.Butintheearlynineteen-eightiesGeorgiaO'Keeffe'shealthfailedseverely.Shediedinnineteen-eighty-si×.Shewasninety-eight.VOICETWO:GeorgiaO'Keefereceivedmanyhonorsduringherlonglife.PresidentGeraldFordpresentedherwiththeMedalofFreedominnineteen-seventy-seven.Eightyearslater,PresidentRonaldReaganawardedhertheNationalMedalofArts.Studentsandexpertscontinuetostudyandwriteaboutherwork.Herpaintingsareshownaroundtheworld.And,morethanone-millionpeoplehavevisitedtheGeorgiaO'KeeffeMuseuminNewMexicosinceitopenedinnineteen-ninety-seven.(THEME)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyCatyWeaver.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mGwenOuten.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.ListenagainnextweekforPeopleInAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.