美国名人苹果的种植和传播者约翰尼苹果佬.docx

美国名人苹果的种植和传播者约翰尼苹果佬JohnnyAppleseed,1774-1845:ManyStoriesandPoemsWereWrittenAboutThisAmericanHeroplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:43repeatByGeorgeGrow2007-5-19VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogramPeopleinAmerica.TodaywetellaboutamanknownasJohnnyAppleseed.Manypeopleconsideredhimahero.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:JohnnyAppleseedwasthenamegiventoJohnChapman.HeplantedlargenumbersofappletreesinwhatwastheAmericanwildernesstwohundredyearsago.ChapmangrewtreesandsuppliedappleseedstosettlersinthemiddlewesternGreatLakesarea.Twocenturieslater,someofthosetreesstillproducefruit.AsaresultofstoriesandpoemsaboutChapman'sactions,JohnnyAppleseedbecameanAmericanhero.However,someofthestoriestoldaboutJohnnyAppleseedovertheyearsmaynothavebeenreallytrue.VOICETWO:JohnChapmanwasborninLeominster,Massachusetts,inseventeenseventy-four.Hisfather;NathanielChapmanzservedinAmerica'swarforindependence.HefoughtBritishtroopsinthebattleofConcordinseventeenseventy-five.Johnwasthesecondofthreechildren.Littleisknownabouthischildhood.HismotherElizabethbecamesickwithtuberculosisanddiedashorttimeafterthebirthofherthirdchild.Inseventeeneighty,NathanielChapmanmarriedLucyCooleyofLongmeadow,Massachusetts.JohnandhisoldersistermovedtoLongmeadowwiththeirfatherandhisnewwife.Thisnewmarriageproducedtenmorechildren.VOICEONE:WhenJohnChapmanwasoldenoughtoleavehome,heaskedhishalf-brother;Nathaniel,tocomewithhim.TheyslowlytraveledsouthandwestfromMassachusettstothestateofPennsylvania.Atthattime,muchofwesternPennsylvaniawasundeveloped.GovernmentrecordsshowthatJohnlivedintheAlleghenyMountainsinseventeenninety-seven.Heissaidtohaveclearedlandandplantedappleseedsnearawaterway.Inashorttime,theseedsgrewtobecometreesthatproducedfruit.VOICETWO:Pennsylvaniawasthefirststopinwhatwouldbecomealife-longefforttoplantappletrees.ThereasonforJohnChapman'slife'sworkisunknown.Somepeoplesaidhelovedtowatchtheflowersonappletreesgrowandchangeintotastyfruit.AppleswereanimportantfoodfortheearlysettlersofNorthAmerica.Applesofferedsomethingdifferentindailymeals.Theywereeasytogrowandstoreforusethroughouttheyear.Theycouldbeeatenraw,cookedordriedforeatingduringthewinter.Andtheycouldbemadeintootherproducts,likeapplebutterandapplejuice.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Afterafewyears,ChapmanleftthehillsofwesternPennsylvaniaandtraveledwestintotheOhioValley.HetransportedsixteenbushelsofappleseedsdowntheOhioRiverineighteen-oh-one.HeplantedappleseedsinseveralareasnearaplacecalledLickingCreek.SomeoftheseedswereplantedonlandownedbyafarmernamedIsaacStedden.Chapmanwascarefulaboutwhereheplantedappleseeds.Hedidnotleavethemjustanywhere.First,hewouldfindrich,fertilelandinanopenarea.Then,heclearedtheland,carefullyremovingunwantedplants.Then,heplantedhisseedsinastraightlineandbuiltafencearoundthem.Thefencehelpedtokeeptheyoungtreessafefromanimals.Asthetreesgrew,hereturnedtorepairthefenceandcarefortheland.VOICETWO:Chapmanplantedwiththoughtsaboutfuturemarketsforhiscrops.Histreesoftengrewinlandnearsettlements.Heoftensoldhisappleseedstosettlers.Sometimes,hegaveawaytreestoneedysettlers.Whenlowonseeds,hereturnedeasttoPennsylvaniatogetmore.Hegottheseedsfromapplepresses-machinesusedtomakeapplesintoadrinkcalledapplecider.Beforelong,Chapman'streesweregrowinginfieldsacrossOhio.PeoplebegancallinghimJohnnyAppleseed.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:JohnnyAppleseedwasasmallmanwithlotsofenergy.Hehadlongdarkhair.Hiseyeswereblackandbright.Henevermarried.Helivedverysimply.Foryears,hetraveledaloneinthewilderness,withoutagunorknife.Hesleptintheopenairanddidnotwearshoesonhisfeet.Somepeoplegavehimclothingaspaymentforhisappletrees.Butsometimesheworealargeclothbagorsackasclothing.Thesackhadholesforhisheadandarms.Onhishead,heworeametalcontainerforahat.Healsousedthispotforcookinghisfood.Peoplesaidhelivedthiswaybecausehewantedto.Hehadenoughmoneyforshelterandclothesifhehadwantedtobuythesethings.VOICETWO:JohnnyAppleseedlookedlikesomeonewhowaspoorandhadnohome.Yethewasasuccessfulbusinessman.Heusedhismoneytoimprovehisapplebusinessandhelpotherpeople.Hewasfamousforhisgentlenessandbravery.BothsettlersandnativeAmericanslikedhim.Everywherehetraveled,hewaswelcomed.ReportsfromthatperiodsuggestthatsomenativeAmericansbelievedhewas"touchedbyGod."Otherscalledhimagreatmedicineman.Duringhistravels,somefamiliesaskedJohnnytojointhemforameal.Hewouldneversitdownuntilhewassurethattheirchildrenhadenoughtoeat.Hisdietwasassimpleashisclothing.Hebelievedthatitwaswrongtokillandeatanycreatureforfood.Hebelievedthatthesoilproducedeverythingnecessaryforhumans.Healsocriticizedpeoplewhowastedfood.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThereareanumberofotherstoriesaboutJohnnyAppleseed.Oncearattlesnakeattemptedtobitehimwhileheslept.Johnnystruckthecreature,killingit.Thiswasanactionhesaidhealwaysregretted.Anothertime,hewastrappedinthewildernessduringaseveresnowstorm.Hefoundshelterinanoldtreethathadfallentotheground.Inthetree,hediscoveredamotherbearandhercubs.Hedidnotinterferewiththeanimals,andleftbeforetheyknewhewasthere.Astheyearspassed,JohnnyAppleseeddecidedtoleaveOhio.HemovedwestintowildernessareasinwhatisnowthestateofIndiana.Thewoodswerefilledwithbears,wolvesandotherwildanimals.Yetheneverhurtthesecreatures.VOICETWO:JohnnyAppleseedhassometimesbeencalledtheAmericanSaintFrancisofAssisi.SaintFrancisestablishedaRomanCatholicgroupthatcaresforthepoorandthesick.SaintFrancisalsoisrememberedforhisloveofanimalsandforhonoringnature.JohnChapmanwasaveryreligiousman.HelikedtoreadfromtheChristianholybook,theBible.HewasstronglyinfluencedbytheSwedishscientistandChristianthinker,EmanuelSwedenborg.ChapmanbelongedtotheChurchofNewJerusalem,areligiousgroupbasedonSwedenborg'steachings.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Inabouteighteenthirty,JohnChapmangotsomelandinFortWaynezIndiana.There,heplantedappleseedlingsthatgrewandproducedcrops.Hesold,tradedandplantedinotherareas.SomereportssaidhealsotraveledtothenearbystatesofKentuckyandIllinois.Histravelslastedmorethanfortyyears.Itisestimatedthat,duringhislifetime,heplantedenoughtreestocoveranareaofabouttwohundredsixtythousandsquarekilometers.Overtime,someadultssaidtheyrememberedreceivingpresentsfromJohnnyAppleseedwhentheywerechildren.VOICETWO:Ineighteenforty-five,JohnChapmanbecamesickanddevelopedpneumoniaduringavisittoFortWayne.Hediedinthehomeofafriend,WilliamWorth.Chapmanwasseventyyearsold.HewasburiednearFortWayne.Themarkeroverhisburialplacereads,"Helivedforothers."WhenwordofChapman'sdeathreachedWashington,DC,SenatorSamHoustonofTexasmadeaspeechhonoringhim.HoustonpraisedChapman'sworkasalaboroflove.Hesaidpeopleinthefuturewouldrememberhislifeandwork.Strangely,storiesaboutJohnnyAppleseedcontinuedtospreadtootherareas,longafterJohnChapmandied.SomepeopleclaimedtheyhadseenJohnnyAppleseedasfarsouthasTexas.OthersweresurethatheplantedtreesasfarwestasCalifornia.Eventoday,somepeoplestillclaimtheyareJohnnyAppleseed.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyGeorgeGrow.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.