2023-2024学年外研版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science现在完成时的被动语态学案（含答案）.docx

Unit3TheworldofScience3.3重点语法现在完成时的被动语态生之法技巧一现在完成时的被动语态的具体用法现在完成时的被动语态的形式肯定式主语+have/has+been+done否定式主语+havehas+not+beendone一般疑问式HaVe/Has+主语+been+done特殊疑问式疑问词+havehas+主语÷been+done1 .现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already,yet,just,never,recently等副词连用。Thecomputerhasalreadybeenrepaired.机器已经修好了。2 .表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或SinCe引导的时间状语连用，或用于“Howlong.?”句型中。Theproblemsofthecompanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours.公司的问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。Howlonghasthisfilmbeenshown?这部电影已放映多长时间了？3 .用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。Youshouldn,tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。常与现在完成时连用的时间状语FecenllyZlateIy最近sincethen从那时起eversince自那以来bynow到现在为止foralongtime很长一段时间ever曾经inrecentyears在最近几年里yet已经in/during/overthepast/lastyears在过去的几年里already已经sofar迄今为止注意的问题1 .现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.这座桥是去年建成的。Thebridgehasbeenbuilt.这座桥已经建好了。（现在可以使用了）2 .一些瞬间动词，如：borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改为相应的延续性动词或时态。这本书买了多长时间了？【误】HOWlonghasthisbookbeenbought?【正】HoWlongagowasthisbookbought?但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与SinCe或for构成的时间状语连用。Nobookshavebeenboughtsincelastweek.自上周以来，没有人来买书。3 .短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.据说已经调查了这个问题。4 .只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。Wehavebuiltmanyhousesinthepasttenyears.Manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears.5 .带有双宾语的动词，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,PrOmiSe等变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。Wehavegivenhimthebook.Hehasbeengiventhebook.Thebookhasbeengiventohim.6 .带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带Io的不定式。Ihavetoldthemtohelpyou.Theyhavebeentoldtohelpyou.小跟踪训练一、单项选择1. Thebookintothirtylanguagessinceitonthemarketin1973.A.hastranslated,cameB.wastranslated,hascomeC.hasbeentranslated,cameD.hasbeentranslated,hascome2. Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversitiessince1949.A.hasbeenestablishB.havebeenestablishedC.haveestablishedD.hadbeenestablished3. Uptonow,manyproblemsaboutairpollutionbythelocalgovernment.A.aresolvingB.havesolvedC.arebeingsolvedD.havebeensolved4.Yoursuit!Why?一Igotstuckintherain.1. hasruinedB.hadruinedC.hasbeenruinedD.hadbeenruined5. Thetraditionsofthisethnicalgroupoverthelast20yearsduetothejointeffortsoflocalgovernmentandnon-profitorganizations.A.werepreservedB.preservedC.haspreservedD.havebeenpreserved6. Greatdiscoveriesinspaceexplorationinthelastfewdecades.A.weremadeB.havemadeC.aremadeD.havebeenmade7. Thebuildingsinceyou.A.hasconstructed;haveleftB.constructed;leftC.hasbeenconstructed;leftD.hasbeenconstructed;haveleft8. Itisreportedthatamenuof678dishesfortheBeijing2022OlympicWinterGamestomeetthedifferenttasteneedsofathletes.A.hasdesignedB.havebeendesigningC.havedesignedD.hasbeendesigned9. Allthepreparationsforthetask,andwe'rereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC. had been completedD. have been completed10. Sofarnobasketballcourtinourcommunity.A.hasbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuildingD.wasbuilt11. Theboysmanytimesnottoswiminthatlake,butitdoesn'tmakeanydifference.A.havebeentoldB.hadbeentoldC.wastoldD.wasbeingtold12. Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstancesinthepastfewyears.A.discoveredB.havediscoveredC.hadbeendiscoveredD.havebeendiscovered13. Morethan10,000relics,between5,000to3,000B.C.,atSanxingduisinceitwasfirstdiscovered.A. dating back to, was dug upC. dated back to, has been dug up14. - How long at this job?-Since 1990.A. were you employedC. had you been employed15. Great changesB. dating back to, have been dug upD. dated back to, were dug upB. have you been employedD. will you be employedin my hometown and a lot of factories.A. have been taken place , are being set upB. have taken place , have been set upC.aretakenplace,hadbeensetupD.hadtakenplace,willbesetup16. Quiteafewtallbuildingsinthelasttwoyears.A.havebeenputupB.wereputupC.hadputupD.putup17. -Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?一Becauselargequantitiesofwater.A.havepollutedB.isbeingpollutedC.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted18. 8、Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholidayyet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecided19. C.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided20. 1.argequantitiesofinformation,aswellassometimelyhelp,sincetheorganizationwasbuilt.A. has offeredB.hadbeenofferedC.havebeenofferedD.isoffered21. Everypossiblemeanstopreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused22. 21.Morethanonehighofficialbythepolicesincethemayorwarshotdead.A.hasbeenquestionedB.havebeenquestionedC.wasquestionedD.werequestioned23. IlikethisEnglishsonganditmanytimesontheradio.A. hasbeentaughtB. hastaughtC. istaughtD. taught24. 一Whydoyouwanttoleaveyourhometown?Iajobinthecity.A.havebeenofferedB.offeredC.wasofferedD.hadbeenoffered25. Allflightsbecauseoffog.mafraidyouwillhavetostayhereforanotherday.A.hadbeenputoffB.calledoffC.havebeencalledoffD.haveputoff26. HowardCarterisoneofthebest-knownexplorerstheworld.A.haveeverknownB.knewC.hadknownD.hadneverknown27. Thereisonlyoneoftheoldestcustomsthatinthisdistrictsofar.A.waskeptB.werekeptC.hasbeenkeptD.havebeenkept27.EverypossiblemeansbutnooneknowswhichissuitableA.hasdiscussedB.havebeendiscussedC.hasbeendiscussedD.werediscussed28.TwofifthsofthehighwayA.hasbeencompletedsofar.B.wascompletedD. has completedC.havebeencompleted29. Thefloorisdirty.一Yes.Itfortwodays.A.hasn,tsweptB.didn,tsweepC.hasn'tcleanedD.hasn'tbeencleaned30. 一Wewanttositatthetablenearthewindow.Iamsorry,butitalready.A.tookB.takesC.hasbeentakenD.istaking31. Customersareaskedtomakesurethattheytherightchangebeforeleavingtheshop.A.willgiveB.havebeengivenC.havegivenD.willbegiven32. EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobstheybeforeleavingtheirhometowns.A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised33. Since1949,thepeople'slivingstandard,causingabiginpopulation.A.hasbeenraised;riseB.hasbeenrose;raiseC.hasraised;riseD.hasraised;rose34. Hey!Hereisamessageonmycellphone,tellingmetosendmoneyto.Deleteit.Itisatrick.Manyapersonbysuchtrickssofar.A. hasbeentakeninB. havebeencheatedC. wereplayedatrickonD. wastakenadvantagedof35. Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylinesbynow.A.havebeencompletedB.hasbeencompletedC.hasCoompIetedD.havecompleted36. 二、用单词的适当形式完成句子37. 1.argequantitiesofwater(waste)inthelastfiveyears.38. Twotopathletesfromthechampionshipsincetheytestedpositivefordrugs.(qulify)39. Ourfacilities(enlarge),andoursportscenterisnowbiggerandbetterthaneverbefore.40. Thebook(translate)intothirtylanguagessinceitcameonthemarketin1973.41. Howmanytreesthisyear?(plant)42. Vax(choose)asthewordoftheyearattheOxfordEnglishDictionarysincemid-Marchthisyear.43. Don'tbelievehim.Noharm(do)tohimeversince.44. Thegymisopentothepublicagain,becausethenewandmodernfacilities(put)inplace.45. Inthelastfewyears,alolofleachingequipment(produce)inthefactory.46. Alltheevidence(destroy)inthepastfewhours,yetthepolicearestilldoingalltheycantobreakthrough.47. Sofar,manyeffectivemeasures(take)toprotectthewildlife.48. -Thewindowisdirty.-Iknow.It(notclean)forweeks.49. TheChinesefood(consider)tobethehealthiestintheworld.50. 一IfeelveryhappythatI(choose)tobethehost.Congratulations!51. Anumberofhighbuildings(build)wheretherewasnothingayearago.52. Morethanonespellingmistake(find)inhisEnglishhomework.53. Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations(make).54. Sincethe1970smanynewcreations(invent).55. OvertimeI(change)bymyfriendsquitealot.56. Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms(produce)allovertheworld.57. Sofarnoend(bring)totheterrifyingsituationintheUSandEurope.58. Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement(reach)sofarbythetwosides.59. 1.argequantitiesofmoney(spend)insearchingforacureforthisterriblediseasesofar.60. Thesescientists(puzzle)abouthowtosolvetheproblemstheseyears.61. Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones(notinvent)yet62. Sofar,much(do)tomeetthereasonabledemandsofpatientsforhealthcareandimprovetheoveralldevelopmentofhospitals.63. Sofar,thistechnology(use)toproduceplantswhicharebetterabletodefendthemselvesagainstpestsanddisease.64. Allthepeoplehavebeen(requesl)nottosmokeinpublic.65. Tenthousanddollars(spend)onthisprojectsothatwecanenjoyamorebeautifulcampus.66. Aseriesoflectures(be)scheduled.67. ItisthefirsttimethatI(invite)togivealecturetothechildren.68. Costs(reduce)by20%overthepastyears.69. Thecar(adapt)totakeunleadedgas(无铅汽油)sofar.70. PreservingtheMingandQingTombs(give)seriousattentioninrecentdecades.71. Thousandsoffilms(produce)allovertheworldinthelastfewyears.72. 1.argeamountsofmoney(spend)inbringinguphischildrensofar.73. -Myfriendwhomyoumetyesterday(invite)togiveaspeechattheawardceremony.-Sohasmysister.74. Hisqualityoflife(change)alotsincetheoperation.75. IfNewtonlivedtoday,hewouldbesurprisedbywhat(discover)inscienceandtechnology.76. Tomydelight,I(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.77. About80%ofthemoney(waste)alreadyfornoreasons.78. Becauseofpeople'scarelessness,ourenvironment(damage)byushumansmuchmoreseriouslythaneverbefore.79. Inthelastfewyears,manyhigh-speedrailsystems(build)inChina.80. -Whyiseveryonesojoyous?Don'tyouknowthatJane(admit)toheridealcollege?Theyarenowcelebrating.81. Whenyougetthepaperback,payspecialattentiontowhat(mark).(所给单词适当形式填空)三、完成句子82. 传统节日从先辈们那里传给我们。Traditionalfestivalstousfrom.83. 已经证实所有人都通过了数学考试。allhavepassedthemathexam.84. 窗户擦干净了吗？thewindows?85. WearegladtobetoldthatLiTao(己经被复旦大学录取)forhistopscores.(根据汉语提示完成句子)86. 城里发生了很大的变化，建立了很多工厂。Greatchangesinthecity,andalotoffactories87. 五分之三的票已经在上被提前预定了。Threeoftheticketsbeenbooked.88. 他已被公认为伟大的剧作家。Heagreatplaywright.89. 所有可能的方法都试过了，但没有一种有效。(一句多译)(1) ,butnonehasworked.(2) ,butnonehasworked.90. 所有的疑虑都彻底消除了。Allthedoubtshavebeen.91. 已经充分利用了十分钟的时间来研究这个问题。Tenminuteshasbeentostudytheproblem.四、用单词的适当形式完成短文语法填空Therearemomentsinlife9jyoumisssomepeoplesomuchthatyoujustwanttopickthemfromyourdreamsandhugthemforreal!Whenthedoorofhappinesscloses,92opens>butoftenwelooksolongatthecloseddoorthatwedon'tseetheonewhich93(close)forus.Don'tgoforlooks;theycandeceive(欺骗).Don'tgoforwealth;eventhatfadesaway.Goforsomeone94makesyousmilebecauseittakesonlyasmiletomakeadarkdayseembright.Dreamwhatyouwant95(dream)：gowhereyouwanttogo;bewhatyouwanttobe.The96(happy)peopledon't97(necessary)havethebestofeverything;theyjustmakethemostofeverythingthat98(come)alongtheirway.Thebrightestfuturewillalwaysbebasedona99(forget)past.Whenyouwerebom,youwerecryingandeveryone100youwassmiling.Liveyourlifesothatwhenyoudie,you'retheonewhoissmilingandeveryonearoundyouiscrying.参考答案:1. C【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：这本书自1973年上市以来已被翻译成30种语言。SinCe引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时,主语Thebook和动词translate之间是被动关系，故第一空用现在完成时的被动语态hasbeentranslated；由时间状语in1973可知，since引导的从句使用一般过去时，故第二空填Cameo故选C项。2. B【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：1949年以来，建立了一大批高等院校。此处主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文since1949可知应用过去完成时的被动语态，且主语为Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversities,主语是复数名词，助动词用have,故选B。3. D【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：到目前为止，当地政府已经解决了许多空气污染问题。根据句型分析可知，此空应填谓语动词，且主语manyproblems和SOlVe为被动关系，在根据“Uptonow”可知，本句应用现在完成时态。故选D项。4. C【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：你的套装毁了!怎么啦?我遭雨淋了。根据语境可知，这里强调现在的结果和影响，主谓之间是被动关系，所以应该用现在完成时的被动语态。故选C。5. D【解析】【分析】考查动词时态语态。句意：在当地政府和非营利组织的共同努力下，这个民族的传统在过去的20年里得以保护。由时间状语OVerthelaSt20years可知，句子用现在完成时，主语traditions是复数，谓语动词用复数，且主语traditions与谓语动词preserve是被动关系，故选D项。【点睹】6. D【解析】考查时态语态。句意：在过去的几十年里，在太空探索中有了重大的发现。由时间状语“inthelastfewdecades”可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态；动词make和主语discoveries之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选D。7. C【解析】考查时态。句意：自从你离开，这栋楼就己经被建造了。分析句子，SinCe表示“自从”，引导时间状语从句，从句应用一般过去时，主句应用现在完成时，且CollSlnlCl与主语ThebUiIding之间是被动关系，所以第一空应用现在完成时的被动语态，即hasbeenconstrucled。故选C项。8. D【解析】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：据报道，北京2022年冬季奥运会已经设计出678道菜，以满足不同运动员的口味需求。分析句子结构可知，让是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句，所以that从句是主语从句，空处在that从句中做谓语，根据句意可知，设计这个动作到现在报道的时候已经完成，应用现在完成时，主语是amenu（菜单）和动词design（设计）二者之间是被动关系，此处应用现在完成时的被动，主语是单数，应用hasbeendesigned,故选D。9. D【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：这项任务的所有准备工作已经完成，我们准备开始了。由下文“weTereadytostart”可知，这项任务的所有准备工作已经完成，所以我们准备开始了，此处表示“完成”这个动作从过去开始持续到现在，对现在造成了影响，所以应用现在完成时，且主语AIIlhePreParationSfOrIhelaSk（这项任务的所有准备工作）和动词COmPIete（完成）二者之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动have/hasbeendone,且主语是复数，complete的过去分词为completed,所以应用havebeencompleted,故选Do10.B【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，在我们社区没有建成篮球场。根据SOfaI'（到目前为止）可知本句是现在完成时，由于谓语动词与主语basketbaHCOUrl是被动关系，因此要用现在完成时的被动语态。故选B。11. A【解析】考查时态语态。句意：这些男孩被告知多次不要去湖里游泳，可似乎没起多大作用。根据语法规则，表示从过去到现在的一段时间内反复发生的动作，应用现在完成时，结合句意可知，谓语动词与主语之间的关系为被动，所以空格处应用现在完成时的被动语态，所以应填havebeenIOk1。故选A。12. D【解析】考查时态语态。句意：因为有高科技的帮助，在最近几年中，越来越多的新物质已经被发现了。根据时间状语inthepastfewyears,说明使用现在完成时。根据句意新物质和发明之间用被动形式。故D正确。13. B【解析】考查动词及非谓语动词。dalebackio追溯到，不可用被动，故用现在分词；根据语境时态可知用现在完成时，选B.14. B【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：-你被雇佣从事这份工作多久了？-自从1990年开始就干这份工作。根据答语SinCe从1990年开始可知上句是现在完成时态，you是雇佣的对象，故用被动语态，选B。15. B【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：我的家乡发生了巨大的变化，建立了许多工厂。根据句意可知变化已经发生，很多工厂已经修建，是过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响，用现在完成时°takeplace是不及物动词短语，没有被动。factories和setup是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动。故选B。16. A【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：过去两年里建了不少高楼。由“inthelasttwoyears”可知，本句为现在完成时，主语Quiteafewtallbuildings与谓语putup为被动关系。故选A项。17. D【解析】考查时态。句意：一为什么这湖闻起来那么难闻?一因为大量的水被污染了。从问句和答语可知说的是湖的现在的情况，又因为强调污染对湖所产生了一定的结果和影响，所以用现在完成时，且表示被污染。故在C,D中选择正确答案。由于主语是quantities,谓语动词要用复数。故选D。18. D【解析】考查时态及语态。句意：什么时候到哪儿去过这个带薪假期还没决定呢？时间和地点是被决定的对象，故用被动语态，根据句意以及句末的yel可知，此处应用现在完成时。WhenandWhere作为一个整体来看待，助动词用单数第三人称形式，故选D。19. C【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：从这个组织被建立以来，大量的信息和一些及时的帮助就被提供。sincetheorganizationWaSbUik表示自过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历，用现在完成时，且“大量的信息和一些及时的帮助”与“提供”之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，故选C.20. C【解析】考察主谓一致和时态。句意：每一种可能的方法都已经被使用来预防空气污染，但是天空仍然不晴朗。本题主语中的名词means是一个单复数同形的名词，要在具体语境中判断是单数还是复数。本句中的形容词every后面通常要节单数名词，故使用AC,根据句意，说明这是已经发生的事情，故使用现在完成时。故选C项。21. A【解析】考查主谓一致和时态语态。句意：自从市长被枪杀以来已经不止一位高官被审问了。“morethanone+名词”作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。再根据SinCe引导的时间状语从句可以判断用现在完成时，高官是被审问，所以用现在完成时的被动，因此是hasbeenquestioned。故选A。22. A【解析】试题分析：考查现在完成时。选项A用现在完成时,表示某一动作从过去到现在直进行或反复发生.题干中前半部动词Iike用的是现在时,表示与现在有关的动作,后半部分的时间状语manyIimeS表示某个动作反复发生,因此,该空应用现在完成时.考点：考查现在完成时23. A【解析】试题分析：考查时态。现在完成时表示过去的事情对现在造成的影响，或者过去的动作持续到现在。因为我在市里得到了一份工作是在对话之前的事情，并且一直到发生对话的时候都是有效的，故用现在完成时。故选A考点：考查时态24. C【解析】试题分析：CaHOff取消，停止行动；PUtOff推迟，延误。根据第二句的时态可知第一句的时态应为现在完成时，A为过去完成时，不符合：flights作句子的主语，要用被动语态，B和C是主动语态，排除；C项为现在完成时的被动语态，符合语境，故选C。考点：考查被动语态、动词短语25. A【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。句意：霍华德卡特是已知的世界最著名的冒险家之一。先行词thebest-knownexplorers,定语从句theworld,根据句意可知选A项。考点：考查定语从句26. C【解析】试题分析：考查有Oneof的定语从句中先行词的判断。在此句中，先行词的判断要根据句意来判断。句子译为：到目前为止，在这个地方在最古老的习俗中有唯一一个被保存下来。因此可判断先行词是OnIyone,而不是theoldestcustoms,因此从句中谓语动词