美国统一商法典.docx

2010版美国统一商法典（中英文对照）UNIFORMCOMMERCIALCODEOFUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA2010版美国统一商法典（中英文对照）美国统一商法典X中英文40余万字,包括1.4万字的总目录索引）。法典分为11章（Article）,以总则（GeneralProvisions）和各分则的形式，对现实中的商事规则和商事惯例进行了归纳和制度层面的架构，消除了各州商法对州际交易因规定不同而造成的障碍，实现了美国商法在州际交易范围内，关于销售、票据、担保、信贷各领域规定的统一（除路易斯安那州之外的49个州、哥伦比亚特区和维尔京岛都采纳了这部法典），并为各类商事交易活动提供了优良的模式，被美国国内乃至国际商事社会广泛采用和吸收，实现了商法的国际性。部分章节示例如下：U.C.C.-ARTICLE1-GENERALPROVISIONS第1篇一总贝!JPART1.GENERALPROVISIONSTableofContents一般规定§1-101.ShortTitles.简略名称.(a)ThisActmaybecitedastheUniformCommercialCode.(b)ThisarticlemaybecitedasUniformCommercialCode-GeneralProvisions.本法可被引用为统一商法典。(b)本篇可被引用为统一商法典-总则。§1-102.ScopeOfArticIe.本篇范围ThisarticleappliestoatransactiontotheextentthatitisgovernedbyanotherarticleoftheUniformCommercialCode.本篇适用于统一商法典其它篇调整范围内的交易。§1-103.ConstructionofUniformCommercialCodetoPromoteitsPurposesandPolicies:ApplicabilityofSupplementalPrinciplesofLaw.统一商法典的解释促进其目的和宗旨：补充法律原则的适用(a)TheUniformCommercialCodemustbeliberallyconstruedandappliedtopromoteitsunderlyingpurposesandpolicies,whichare:(1)tosimplify,clarify,andmodernizethelawgoverningcommercialtransactions;(2)topermitthecontinuedexpansionofcommercialpracticesthroughcustom,usagezandagreementoftheparties;and(3)tomakeuniformthelawamongthevariousjurisdictions.(a)统一商法典应作不受限制的解释和适用,以促进其之根本目的和方针:Q)简化、阐明，并使调整商业交易的法律适应现代要求；(2)使商业作法能够通过习惯、行业惯例和当事人协议不断获得发展；(3)使各州法律统一。(b)UnlessdisplacedbytheparticularprovisionsoftheUniformCommercialCode,theprinciplesoflawandequity,includingthelawmerchantandthelawrelativetocapacitytocontract,principalandagent,estoppel,fraud,misrepresentation,duress,coercion,mistake,bankruptcy,andothervalidatingorinvalidatingcausesupplementitsprovisions.(b)除非统一商法典特别条款将其排除，普通法和衡平法的各项原则，包括商人法和涉及缔约能力、本人和代理人、禁止反悔、欺诈、虚伪说明、胁迫、强制、错误或破产的法律，或其它使合同生效或失效的法律，应作为本法的补充。§3-310.EFFECTOFINSTRUMENTONOBLIGATIONFORWHICHTAKEN.因义务而取得的票据的效力(a)Unlessotherwiseagreed,ifacertifiedcheckzcashier'scheck,orteller'scheckistakenforanobligation,theobligationisdischargedtothesameextentdischargewouldresultifanamountofmoneyequaltotheamountoftheinstrumentweretakeninpaymentoftheobligation.Dischargeoftheobligationdoesnotaffectanyliabilitythattheobligormayhaveasanindorseroftheinstrument.(a)除非另有约定，若保付支票、银行本票、或出纳员所开的内部支票由于义务而取得，该义务在解除将导致的相同范围内被解除，若等于票据金额的一笔钱由于义务的履行而取得。义务的解除不影响债务人作为票据背书人而负有的任何义务。(b)Unlessotherwiseagreedandexceptasprovidedinsubsection(a),ifanoteoranuncertifiedcheckistakenforanobligation,theobligationissuspendedtothesameextenttheobligationwouldbedischargedifanamountofmoneyequaltotheamountoftheinstrumentweretaken,andthefollowingrulesapply:(b)除非另有约定并且除非(a)款另有规定，若一张票据或一张未保付支票(uncertifiedcheck)由于一项义务而取得，该义务在解除的相同范围内中止，若等于票据金额的一笔钱被取得，及下列规则适用：(1)Inthecaseofanuncertifiedcheck,suspensionoftheobligationcontinuesuntildishonorofthecheckoruntilitispaidorcertified.Paymentorcertificationofthecheckresultsindischargeoftheobligationtotheextentoftheamountofthecheck.(1)在未保付支票的情形，义务的中止保持到该支票被拒付，或者保持到其被付款或被未保付。票据的付款或未保付导致义务在支票金额范围内的解除。(2)Inthecaseofanote,suspensionoftheobligationcontinuesuntildishonorofthenoteoruntilitispaid.Paymentofthenoteresultsindischargeoftheobligationtotheextentofthepayment.(2)在票据的情形，义务的中止保持到该票据被拒付，或者保持到其被付款时。票据的付款导致义务在付款范围内解除。(3)Exceptasprovidedinparagraph(4),ifthecheckornoteisdishonoredandtheobligeeoftheobligationforwhichtheinstrumentwastakenisthepersonentitledtoenforcetheinstrument,theobligeemayenforceeithertheinstrumentortheobligation.Inthecaseofaninstrumentofathirdpersonwhichisnegotiatedtotheobligeebytheobligor,dischargeoftheobligorontheinstrumentalsodischargestheobligation.(3)除非(4)段另有规定，若支票或票据被拒付，并且因其而取得票据的义务的债权人是有权票据的人，债权人可以执行该票据或该义务。在债务人流转给债权人的第三人的票据的情形，债务人在票据上的解除也解除该债务。(4)Ifthepersonentitledtoenforcetheinstrumenttakenforanobligationisapersonotherthantheobligee,theobligeemaynotenforcetheobligationtotheextenttheobligationissuspended.Iftheobligeeisthepersonentitledtoenforcetheinstrumentbutnolongerhaspossessionofitbecauseitwaslost,stolen,ordestroyed,theobligationmaynotbeenforcedtotheextentoftheamountpayableontheinstrument,andtothatextenttheobligee'srightsagainsttheobligorarelimitedtoenforcementoftheinstrument.(4)若有权执行由于一项债务取得的票据的人是除债权人之外的人，在债务中止范围内，该债权人不得执行该债务。若债权人是有权执行票据的人，但由于遗失、盗窃或毁坏而不再占有票据，在票据载明应付金额范围内，该债务不得执行，并且在该范围内，债权人对债务人的权利限于执行票据。(c)IfaninstrumentOtherthanonedescribedinsubsection(a)or(b)istakenforanobligation,theeffectis(i)thatstatedinsubsection(a)iftheinstrumentisoneonwhichabankisliableasmakeroracceptor,or(ii)thatstatedinsubsection(b)inanyothercase.(c)若或(b)款规定以外的票据由于一项债务而取得，效力是(i)(a)款规定的效力，若票据是银行作为制作人或接受人而负有义务的票据，或(ii)在任何其他情形，(b)款规定的效力。§4A-107.FEDERALRESERVEREGULATIONSANDOPERATINGCIRCULARS.联邦储备规则和操作细则.RegulationsoftheBoardofGovernorsoftheFederalReserveSystemandoperatingcircularsoftheFederalReserveBankssupersedeanyinconsistentprovisionofthisArticletotheextentoftheinconsistency.在不一致的范围内，联邦储备银行的联邦储备系统董事会章程和操作细则代替本篇任何不一致的规定。§4A-203.unenforceabilityofcertainverifiedpaymentORDERS.经检验的托付单的不可强制执行性.(a)IfanacceptedpaymentorderisotzunderSection4A-202(a)fanauthorizedorderofacustomeridentifiedassender,butiseffectiveasanorderofthecustomerpursuanttoSection4A-202(b),thefollowingrulesapply:(a)若在§4a-202(a)下，被接受的托付单不是确定为发送人的消费者的经授权的指令，但是依照§4a-202(b)条作为消费者的指令有效，下列规则适用：(I) Byexpresswrittenagreement,thereceivingbankmaylimittheextenttowhichitisentitledtoenforceorretainpaymentofthepaymentorder.按照明示的书面协议，收款行可以限制该范围为其有权执行或保留托付单的付款的范围内。(2)Thereceivingbankisnotentitledtoenforceorretainpaymentofthepaymentorderifthecustomerprovesthattheorderwasnotcaused,directlyorindirectly,byaperson(i)entrustedatanytimewithdutiestoactforthecustomerwithrespecttopaymentordersorthesecurityprocedure,or(2)收款行无权执行或保留托付单的付款，若该消费者证明该指令不被下述这样的人直接或间接地引起，(i)任何时间受托代理消费者履行关于托付单或安全程序的义务的人，或(II) whoobtainedaccesstotransmittingfacilitiesofthecustomerorwhoobtained,fromasourcecontrolledbythecustomerandwithoutauthorityofthereceivingbakzinformationfacilitatingbreachofthesecurityprocedure,regardlessofhowtheinformationwasobtainedorwhetherthecustomerwasatfaultInformationincludesanyaccessdevice,computersoftware,orthelike.(ii)获得消费者的传输便利的途径的人，或者，从消费者控制的来源并且没有收款行的授权，获得促成安全程序的违反的信息的人，不管该信息怎样获得，或者是否该消费者具有过失。信息包括任何途径设备、电脑软件或类似物。(b)Thissectionappliestoamendmentsofpaymentorderstothesameextentitappliestopaymentorders.(b)在其适用于托付单的相同范围内，本条适用于托付单的变更。§7-104.NegotiableandNonnegotiableDocumentofTitle.可流通的及不可流通的权利证书.(a)Adocumentoftitleisnegotiableifbyitstermsthegoodsaretobedeliveredtobearerortotheorderofanamedperson.(a)若按照其条款，该货物将被交付给持票人或按照指定的人的指令交付，权利证书是可流通的。(b)Adocumentoftitleotherthanonedescribedinsubsection(a)isnonnegotiable.Abillofladingthatstatesthatthegoodsareconsignedtoanamedpersonisnotmadenegotiablebyaprovisionthatthegoodsaretobedeliveredonlyagainstanorderinarecordsignedbythesameoranothernamedperson.(b)除(a)款规定的以外，权利证书不可流通。规定货物被交付给指定的人的提单不因该货物仅仅对同一个或其他的指定的人签署的档案中的指令交付的规定而可流通。(c)Adocumentoftitleisnonnegotiableifzatthetimeitisissued,thedocumenthasaconspicuousIegendzhoweverexpressed,thatitisnonnegotiable.(c)若在其被发行时，该单据具有显著的说明，但明示，权利证书为不可流通。§8-109.WARRANTIESININDIRECTHOLDING.间接持有中担保.(a)Apersonwhooriginatesanentitlementordertoasecuritiesintermediarywarrantstothesecuritiesintermediarythat:(a)发出权益指令给证券中介的，向证券中介担保：(1)theentitlementorderismadebyanappropriateperson,oriftheentitlementorderisbyanagentztheagenthasactualauthoritytoactonbehalfoftheappropriateperson;and(1)该权益指令由适当的人作出，或者若权益指令由代理人作出，该代理人具有代理适当的人的实际授权；及(2)thereisnoadverseclaimtothesecurityentitlement.(2)没有对该证券的不利主张。(b)ApersonwhodeliversasecuritycertificatetoasecuritiesintermediaryforcredittoasecuritiesaccountororiginatesaninstructionwithrespecttoanuncertificatedsecuritydirectingthattheuncertificatedsecuritybecreditedtoasecuritiesaccountmakestothesecuritiesintermediarythewarrantiesspecifiedinSection8-108(a)or(b).(b)为对证券帐户记入贷方而交付证券证书给证券中介或发出关于非证书证券的指示，指示该非证书证券应对证券帐户记入贷方的，向该证券中介作出§8-108(a)或(b)规定的担保。(C)Ifasecuritiesintermediarydeliversasecuritycertificatetoitsentitlementholderorcausesitsentitlementholdertoberegisteredastheownerofanuncertificatedsecurity,thesecuritiesintermediarymakestotheentitlementholderthewarrantiesspecifiedinSection8-108(a)or(b).(c)若证券中介交付证券证书给其权利持有人或促使其权利持有人登记为非证书证券的所有者的，证券中介向权利持有人作出§8-108(a)或(b)规定的担保。