人教版（2019）必修第二册 Unit4History and Traditions语言点复习讲义素材.docx

必修二UNIT4languagepoint本单元重点语言点：词汇：chief,defence,surround,evidence,achievement,location(locate),battle,charge,announce,amount,approach,ensure,generous,position,eager,dot,roar,greet,custom,striking,crowd短语：breakawayfrom.,belongto.,aswellas.,keepyoureyesopen(for)变形：philosophy(philosophical),individual(individually),puzzle(puzzled,puzzling),fascinate(fascination,fascinating),sense(sensory),transition(transitional)【教材】WhataretwoChiefadvantagesofstudyingthehistoryofacountry?1. chieftif:adj.最重要的;最高级别的(main/major)thechiefegineerarchitect总工程师/建筑师thechiefproblem/reason主要问题/原因(理由)CEO=ChiefExecutiveOfficer首席执行官；总裁CFO二ChiefFinancialOfficer财务总监n.(公司或机构的)首领；酋长(复数:chiefs)army/industry/policechiefs部队首长；行业巨擘；警察局长【辨形】Chefn.厨师，主厨(PLChefS)【教材】Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.2. defencen.防御，保卫CUShesteppedbackappearing(appear)surprisedandputupherhands,asifJt-defence.*indefence(of.)为了保卫()e.g.Theygavetheirlivesindefenceoffreedom.*inone'sdefence为辩护*cometoone'sdefence保护某人【语填】Thehighwallwasbuiltasadefence_against_intruders.defendvt.vi.保护，保卫*defend()against/from保护/保卫免受【翻译】他们的职责就是保卫国家不受敌人侵害。Theirdutyistodefendtheircountryagainstenemy.vt.辩护defendsb.one,Sviews反义：Offendvt.vi眉犯，进攻OffenSiVeadj眉犯的【教材】AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbeSUrTOUndedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory?3. surroundvt.围绕；包围(1) surround.with.用包围/围绕besurroundedby/with.被包围(2) surroundingadj.周围的SUiTOUndingSn.环境；周围的事物佳句Thehungrybearfollowedhisnosetoourcamp,whichwassurroundedbyahighwirefence,2020涉f江卷读后续写饥饿的熊循着气味来到我们的营地，它被很高的电线栅栏围着。指津SUrrOUndingS常用复数形式，表示周围的具体的物质环境；environment是集体名词，常用单数形式，表示对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活环境。练透一单句语法填空 Surroundingyourself_withpeoplewho'llprovideyouwithsupportcanbeverybeneficial.2020全国卷11I语法填空Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds_surrounding_(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears. Onlyinthiswaycanweliveinmorecomfortableandbeautiful.surroundings,(surround).写美一应用文之场景描写 绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河曲曲折折穿行其中。2020全国11,书面表达SUrTOUndedbygreentrees,thefarmisIOCatedatthefootofthehillnearourschool.Thereisasmallriverflowingthroughthefarm.4. evidencen.U证据* Thereissome/noevidencethat.有/没有证据表明.* inevidence显眼；显而易见evidentadj.明显的，明白的* ltisevident(tosb.)that(对某人来说)显然evidentlyadv,显然地联想：clear,obvious,apparent【语填】(1)There,ssomeevidencethatoutdooractivitiesaregoodforus.(2) Atpresentwehavenoevidence(evident)oflifeonotherplanets.(3) Povertyismuchinevidenceinthecityslums.(4) _lt_isevidentthathishousewascompletelydestroyedintheearthquake.【翻译】HisfootprintswereClearIyevidentintheheavydust.他的脚印在厚厚的灰尘中清晰可见。TheorchestraplayedWithevidentenjoyment.*withevidentenjoyment兴致勃勃【教材】Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads.5. achievement,tjivmentn.C成就；成绩；达到(1) asenseofachievement成就感achievevt.完成；达到;vi.成功achieveone,Ssuccess获得成功achieveone,sgoal达到目标(2) Thatsurelygaveheraqeat_senseOfachievement-那无疑给了她很大的成旃(3) Ittakeshardworktoachievethefinalsuccess.要取得最终的成功需要努力。(4) Shehopedtoachievehergoaltobecomeanexcellentdirector.她希望实现自己的目标，成为一名优秀导演。【教材】TheVikingscameintheeighthcenturyandleftbehindlotsofnewvocabulary,aswellasthenamesofmanyIOCatiOnSacrosstheUK.6. locationlelkelnn.地方；地点；位置Q)IoCateVt坐落于；位于；定位,找出的位置locatesb./sth.寻找某人某物locateBerlinonthemape.g.Sheturnedaroundafterhearingherfatherscreambutcouldn'tIOCatehim.(2) locatedadj.处于；位于；坐落在*inonto坐落于,位于(in范围之内，On接壤，to有一定距离)*belocatedin=besituatedin=liein位于【语填】_Located_(locate)wheretheBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.Itisasuitable_location_(locate)foranewairport.【翻译】MountHuangJslocatedin_(位于)AnhuiProvince.【教材】TheyconqueredEnglandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastingsintheIlthcentury.7. battle(1)n.C&U战役；战斗C斗争；较量fight/win/loseabattletheBattleofWaterloo滑铁卢战役(2)vi.&vt.搏斗；奋斗*battleagainst/with.与战斗*battlefor.为而战，为而奋斗【教材JJudyandIhadourcarparkedinanundergroundcarparknearTrafalgarSquare,wherewecouldgetourcarbatterycharged.8. chargevt.充电Chargethebattery给电池充电abatterycharger电池充电器vtvi.收费；充电；控告*charge(sb)(sm.)forsth.为某事收(某人的)费用Thehotelchargedme£10forroomforthenight.chargesbwithsth.控告某人犯某罪【教材】Whenwefinallyreachedtheservicedesktoaskforaudioguides,wehearditannouncedthattherewerenoaudioguidesleft.9. announcev.*announcesth.tosb.(没有双宾语用法)，that-Q)官宣，宣称e.g.ThenewswasannouncedtothepubliconTV.(2)(广播)通知e.g.Ourflighthasn'tbeenannouncedyet.(3)(事情)显示,预告e.g.Warmsunshineannouncesthecomingofspring.announcementn.(C)公告,声明*makeissueanannouncement发表公告【语填】TheGreeksmarchedintoTroy1announcing(announce)theGreekvictory.announcern.(电视/广播)播音员【教材】Shehadacopyofthepaintingboxedtoensurethatitwasdeliveredsafely.10. ensurevt.tomakesomethingcertaintohappen确保，保证【完形】ShetriedtofigureOUthowtotrapBettyandregardedBettyasherenemy,insteadofensuringherselftoseewhatherrealgoalwasinlife.【观察】Victoryensuredthemaplaceinthefinal.*ensuresb.sth.=ensuresth.forsb.*ensuresth./that.从句【翻译】已采取所有必要措施来确保他们的安全。Allnecessarystepshavebeentakentoensuretheirsafety.我们应该想尽一切办法确保自己不受一切可能的危险。Weshouldtryallmeanstoensureourselvesfromallpossiblerisks.*ensure.fromagainst确保不受伤【教材】WefoundourselvesverysurprisedbythelargenumberofvisitorsandtheamountofnoiseattheentranceoftheNationalGallery.11. amountn.数量;总额,总数* anamountof+U/pl.+单数v.大量的e.g.Alargeamountofmoneywasfoundintheoldhouse.=Largeamountsofmoneywerefoundintheoldhouse.*amountsof+U/pl.+复数v.大量的* inlarge/smallamounts大/少量的区分：theamountof+U,thenumberof+C的数量【观察】Consumerspendingonsportsitemsamountedto1billiondollars.* amountto.(1)合计二adduptoDreamingwithouthardworkwillneveramounttoanything.相当于二equalvi.总计,合计;相当于只修饰不可数名词词汇荟萃：agreatdealof,agreatamountOf(Iargeamountsof);much【教材】Itwashardtoapproachthepaintingasthereweresomanypeoplearound.12. approach(I)V.接近，靠近n.接近；方法；途径(l)adoptanapproachto.采用的方法/途径*withthe叩PrOaChof.随着临近=withsth./sb.approaching.【对比】Thechildrenfellsilentattheapproachoftheirteacher.(2)approachsb./sth.靠近/接近某人/某物sth./sb.beapproaching正在/将要接近【观察1J(18全国I)Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.(3)approachtheproblem着手处理问题=sortout.=dealwith.=resolve.=solve=handle【观察21We'vejustapproachedthebankfor/aboutaloan.(4)approachsb.about/forsth.就/为某事与某人接洽练透一一单句语法填空/猜测词义®Atthemeetingtheydiscussedthreedifferentapproaches_to_thestudyofmathematics.Wewillbeexploringdifferentapproachesto.gathering,(gather)information.©AlltheapproachestotheairportwerecutoffbecauseoftheheavySnOW.一通道_写美句多译此外，随着高考的临近，我们都在忙着为高考做充分的准备。2020浙江卷7月书面表达©What'smore,with_theCollegeEntranceExaminationapproaching/drawingnear/aroundthecorner._wearebusymakingfullpreparationsforit.©Besides,_astheCollegeEntranceExaminationapproaches/drawsnear/isaroundthecorner,_wearebusymakingfullpreparationsforit.(as弓I导状语从句)【翻译】简颤抖着站起来，向丈夫走去，扑进他的怀里，在他的肩膀上哭个不停。Janegottoherfeetshakily,approachedherhusband,andthrewherselfintohisarms,sobbinguncontrollablyonhisshoulder.“(做)的方法”的正确搭配：theapproachto(doing)sth.thewaytodo/of(doing)sth.themeansof(doing)sth.®themethodof(doing)sth.教材Carlandhisfriendsstayedwithagenerousfamilywhoofferedthembreadwithbutterandhoneythatwashomemade.13. generous,denrsadj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的e.g.generoussupport/offere.g.Thecarhasaamountofspace.* begeneroustosb.对某人慷慨* begenerouswithsth.在某方面大方* lt'sgenerousofsb.todosth.某人做某事很慷慨语填】Peoplepresentwereimpressedbyhis_generosity_(generous).【扩展】n.generosityn.慷慨，大方；宽容或慷慨的行为；丰富adv.generouslyadv.慷慨地；不吝啬地；丰富地；丰盛地【翻译】没有您的慷慨和鼓舞，我不可能取得如此惊人的进步。Withoutyourgenerosityandinspiration,Icouldnothavemadesuchstrikingprogress.【教材】Theywatchedoverthelakewiththeircamerasandbinoculars,whichwerePOSitionedonthehill.14. positionvt.toputsomethingorsomeoneinaparticularplace安置；把放在适当位置e.g.positionthevasecarefullyonthetable【完形】Afterclimbingupahillforafullviewofthebluesea,Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakeaphoto.21全国甲卷Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.【练习】判断以下句子中position的含义。(1) mwritingtoapplyforthepositioninyourcompany.(2) Hecanidentifyeachcharacter'ssocialpositionbytheirbehaviourandlanguage.n.位置，职位；姿态e.g.sitting/standing/lyingposition坐姿/站姿/卧姿【语填】Theyarenowinabetterposition_where_theycanbeverysuccessfulthisyear.posiitonn.处境，状况【注意】定从中常用where引导的抽象名词作先行词的有：situation,condition,position,case,state,stage,point*前提是：该名词在定从中作地点状语。【教材】Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK,whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday:.15. breakaway(from.)挣脱，脱离【翻译】现在许多农民都想离开农村到城里谋生。Nowadaysmanyfarmerswanttobreakawayfromtherurallifeandmakealivingincities.你应该改掉这个坏习惯。Youshouldbreakawayfromthebadhabit.form/developahabit养成习惯get/fallintoabadhabit沾染坏习惯【拓展】出故障，情绪崩溃，垮掉，(使)分解breakdown强行闯入，插话breakin(-intosth.)折断，中止breakoff(战争，疾病，灾难)爆发breakout拆开;解散;结束;关系破裂breakup突破，克服战胜breakthrough【教材】ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKindomworktogetherinsomeareas.16. belongto属于(无被动语态及进行时态)类似用法还包括：datebackto/datefrom(追溯到)、consistof(包括)e.g.Thefuturebelongstothewell-educated.e.g.Successonlybelongstothehard-workingpeople.【语填】Aculturalrelicisatreasure.belonging,(belong)toallpeopleratherthananyindividual.【拓展】belongingsn.财物personalbelongings个人财物asenseofbelonging归属感e.g.Thechairbelongsintheotherroom.*belong+prep.+n.应在某处【翻译】这本书应在何处？Wheredoesthebookbelong?【语填】Doyouknow_whom_thebookbelongsto?Putthebook_where_itbelongs.【教材】TheVikingscameintheeighthcenturyandleftbehindlotsofvocabulary,asWeIlasthenamesofmanylocationsacrosstheUK.17. AaswellasB谓语单复数看AJimisgoingtoChinathissummer,andhisparentsaswell.=Jimaswellashisparents_is_(be)goingtoChinathissummer.=BothJimandhisparents_are_(be)goingtoChinathissummer.=NotonlyJimbutalsohisparents_are_(be)goingtoChinathissummer.【观察】Thegirlislivelyaswellashealthy. Hewantsapenaswellasapencil. AswellasinCanada,theweatherchangesfromseasontoseasoninChina.*aswellas通常连接两个对等的成分，即之前之后成分应同为主语、宾语、表语等。*aswellas还可以表示“和一样好"，WeIl可以是形容词，也可以是副词【观察与对比】Iamalsoastudent.=Iamastudents,too.1.ucydidn'tgototheparty,either.TonyspeaksJapaneseaswell.aswell用在肯定句中，放在句子末尾too肯定句中用,放在句子末尾，常用逗号隔开either否定句中用，放句子末尾，常用逗号隔开also放在特殊动词之后，实义动词之前【教材】Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.18. keepone'seyesopenfor.留心，留意【拓展】(1) keepaneyeon.照看，照管，留心注意【翻译】我们已请邻居们在我们外出时替我们照看一下房子。(续写)Wehaveaskedtheneighbourstokeepaneyeonthehouseforuswhileweareaway.haveaneyefor.对有判断力/鉴赏力【翻译】一个好的艺术家必须对色彩有鉴赏力。(续写)Agoodartistmusthaveaneyeforcolour.catchone'seye吸引某人的注意“eye”相关表达】one'seyesarewidewithhorror某人惊恐地瞪大了眼睛one'seyesshinewithexcitement某人眼里闪烁着兴奋的光芒one'seyesarefilledwithtears某人的眼里充满泪水one'seyesfallonsomeplace某人的目光落在.lookatsbstraightintheeye直视某人的眼睛one'seyesarefixedon某人的目光紧盯着.one'seyesscan.某人的眼睛扫视.one'seyesdroppedto.某人垂下眼睛看着【教材】Iwaseagertosee/learn/hearthat.19. eageradj.渴望的，热切的* beeagerforsth.渴求某事物* beeagertodo渴望做* beeagerin热衷于e.g.Sheiseagerforknowledgeandeagertomakeprogress,sosheiseagerinherstudies.【观察】Sheiseagertogotocollege,butanxiousaboutnotpassingtheentranceexaminations.* beanxiousabout对感到焦虑*beanxiousfor.渴望得到eagerlyadv.热切地eagernessn.U渴望one,seagernesstodo做的渴望【拓展】“渴望”的说法* beeager/thirsty/hungry/anxious/desperateforsth./todosth.* desiretodosth.,haveastrongdesireforsth.,* longstarvetodo/forsth.【教材】Onaquietmorninginthemountains,feelthesunonyourskin,andbreatheinthesweetscentoffreshflowerswhilebirdsgreetthenewdaywiththeirmorningsong.20. greetvt.vi.迎接，问候，打招呼，对作出反应*以迎接/问候/打招呼greet.with.【翻译】这位女演员露出迷人的微笑问候粉丝们。Theactressgreetedherfanswithhercharmingsmile.演讲受到了热烈欢呼。Thespeechwasgreetedwithloudcheers.【翻译】Beautifulsunshinegreetedusaswesteppedofftheplane.当我们走下飞机时，绚丽的阳光映入眼帘。greetvt.（景象，声音或气味）映入眼帘；传入耳（鼻）中【翻译】走在校园中，迎面而来的是鸟儿的歌唱和清新的空气。Walkinginthecampus,wearegreetedwithbirdsongandfreshair.【教材】ThepeacefullandscapeoftheEmeraldIsleanditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes,withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.21. rollvt.vi.滚动，卷vi.（使）翻滚;（使）滚动e.g.Arollingstonegathersnomoss.滚石不生苔。e.g.Dogstakemuchpleasureinrollingandrubbingtheirnecksandbackswiththeirpaws.e.g.Surrroundedbymanystudentsafterclass,he/sheansweredeachquestionpatiently,withsweatsrollingdownhis/hercheeks.e.g.Tearsrollinginhiseyes,hesharedgoodnewswithWill.e.g.Theelderlywomanenteredthestore,alongwithherdaughter,whowasdisplayingaseriouscaseofimpatience,rollinghereyes,sighingandcheckingherwatcheveryfewseconds.e.g.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywehumansare.（21全国I）rollone,seyes翻白眼【拓展】rollupyoursleeves跃跃欲试【观察1）Thecomedianhadtheaudiencerollingintheaisles.*berollingintheaisles笑得前仰后合二grinSmiIefromeartoear【观察2】ThenewmodelistoberolledoutinJuly.*rollsth.out公开发布/行/售【教材】ThepeacefullandscapeoftheEmeraldIsleanditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes,withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.22. dotn点;小（圆）点vt.加点e.g.Thehelicoptersappearedastwoblackdotsonthehorizon.e.g.Smallvillagesdotthecountryside.*bedottedwith.点缀着e.g.Thecountrysidewasdottedwithsmallvillages.e.g.Dottedwithglitteringstars,thesky,themidnightblue,gavethesceneafairytalequality.【教材1Anddownbythesea,theIroaroftheoceanwavesandcriesoftheseabirdsmakeupthemusicofthecoast.22. roar/r:（r）/vi.&n.吼叫;咆哮e.g.Weheardalionroar.*roar（out）one,Sapproval大声叫好*roarwithlaughter开怀大笑*roaraway呼啸而去e.g.Shesteppedonthegasandthecarroaredaway.*aroarofapplause一阵掌声e.g.Hisspeechwasgreetedbyaroarofapplause.【教材】WhatarethebestwaystoexperienceChinesetraditionsandcustoms?23. customkstmn.风俗；习惯；习俗alocalcustom当地的风俗习惯(1) lt,sthecustom/traditional(forsb.)todosth.(对某人来说)做某事是一种习俗e.g.lt,sthecustom/traditionalforChinesetowatchlanterns/fireworks,guesslanternriddlesandeatYuanxiao.【联想】Itistypicalofsb.todosth.某人做某事是经常的；某人一贯好做某事介绍习俗TraditionallyZTypicaIIyZBytradition,we(Chinese)will=ltistypicalofChinesetodo.(2) customsn.海关；关税acustomsofficer海关官员customern.顾客;主顾custom-按顾客要求,的CIIStOm-madeadj.定制的custom-designedadj.it专门设计的，定做的CUStomiZeVt.定制,定做，改制二tailorvt.【教材】aStrikingimageStrikastruck,StrUCk24. strikingstrak:adj.引人注目的;显著的e.g.Hereyesarehermoststrikingfeature.*cutastrikingfigureonthecourse在球场上崭露头角【观察】Strikewhiletheironishot.击打*strikesb.Onin+身体部位Hewasstruckbyaheartattack.*bestruckby+疾病/灾害Thewindstruckachillintoherbones.使穿透，使刺透IamstillstruckbythebeautyoftheCOUntrySide.使喜爱，使处于特定状态*ltstruck/hit/occurredtosb.that使突然想起*strikesb.assth.给(某人以)印象让(某人)觉得【观察】Thechurchclockjuststrucktwelve.敲钟*strikemakeabalance取得平衡*strikeabargain/deal/compromise达成协议/妥协*stri