杨忠--语言学概论-课后综合测试题及中文版答案.docx

综合测试题(一)1. Indicatethefollowingstatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets：(10points)：()1.Generallinguisticsisbasedontheviewthatlanguageasasystem,whichiscomposedofthreeaspects:sound,structureandmeaning.()2.Thetotalnumberofwordsstoredinthebrainiscalledmorphology.()3.Thesentence“Thewomancan,tbearchildren5'isstructurallyambiguous.()4.Categorizationreferstotheprocessbywhichpeopleuselanguagetoclassifytheworldaroundandinsidethem.()5.Metaphorscancreatesimilaritiesbetweenthetargetdomainandthesourcedomain.()6.Accordingtoreferentialcontent,deixiscanbeputintopersondeixis,placedeixis,timedeixisanddiscoursedeixis.()7.Phrasestructurerulesarerulesthatspecifytheconstituentsofsyntacticcategories.()8.ModalitycanbecategorizedintoprobabilityandUsuality.()9.Ageisnotthelearnerfactorthathasbeenanissueinsecondlanguageacquisitionresearch.()10.Register,asavarietyoflanguageinuse,isanalyzedonthreedimensions:field,modeandtenor.11. Multiplechoice:(10points)1.isthefirstandforemoststrikingfeatureofhumanlanguage.A.creativityB.arbitrarinessC.displacement2. Syntactically,Japaneseislanguage.A.analyticB.isolatingC.synthetic3. ThegeneralroleslanguageplaysaretermedD.interchangeabilityD.agglutinatingA.metalanguagesB.metafunctionsC.metadiscoursesD.metagrammar4.isaprocessthatcreatesanewwordbydroppingarealorsupposedsuffix.A.BlendingB.EponymsC.Backfbrmation5. Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageiscalleda.A.suffixB.prefixC.morphemeD.ClippingD.morph6.theoriesarethosethatattempttoexplainacquisitiononthebasisofassuminganinnatebiologicalendowmentthatmakeslearningpossible.A.EnvironmentalistB.functionalistC.nativistD.bothaandb7.Wordsandphraseslikenow,yesterday,nextweek,inthreeday,etC.arecalledA.persondeixisB.timedeixisC.placedeixis8. Everysyllablehasa(n),whichisusuallyavowel.A.nucleusB.onsetC.code9. isdefinedasthestudyofmeaning.A.linguisticsB.semanticsC.morphologyD.discoursedeixisD.rhymeD.pragmatics10.Aisamixedlanguagewhichhasbecomethemothertongueofaspeechcommunity.A.pidginB.creoleC.EsperantoD.naturallanguageIII. MatchthetermsincolumnAwiththephrasesincolumnBandputa,b.jintobrackets:(10points)A()1.Socialinguistics()2.AppliedLinguistics()3.Morphology()4.Phonetics()5.Linguistics()6.Syntax()7.Psycholinguistics()8.Pragmatics()9.Phonology()10SemanticsBa. theanalysisofsentencestructureb. theanalysisofmeaningincontextc. theanalysisofmeaningd. thestudyofsoundsystemsandpatternse. theapplicationoflinguistictheoriestootherspheresf. thestudyofspeechsoundsg.thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsocietyh.thestudyofwordstructurei. thescientificstudyoflanguagej. thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandmindIV. Foreachgroupofsoundslistedbelow,statethephoneticfeature(s)theyallshare:(10points)1.tfd32.mn93.f0sh4.dnz1r5.i:iu:uV. Considerthefollowingwordsandfillintheform:(10points)WordsanalyzednumberofmorphemestroublesomefreemorphemesstepmotherpsycholinguisticsunderstatementantidisestablishmentarianismVI. Interpretatethefollowingambiguoussentences:(10points)1. Theduckistoohottoeat.(1)(2)2. Visitingfriendscanbeboring.(1)(2)VILExplainthefollowingterms:(10points)1.derivation2.learnerfactorsVIII.Answerthefollowingquestions?(30points)1. Whatisthedifferencebetween“aredandarcdcoat,*?2. Whatarethefeaturesofmodernlinguistics?3. AccordingtoAustin,whatdoesaspeechactconsistof?综合测试题(二)1. Indicatethefollowingstatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets:(10points)()1.AccordingtoM.A.K.Halliday,thethreemetafunctionsoflanguageareideationalmetafunction,interpersonalmetafunctionandlogicalmetafunction.()2.Dualityisthefirstandforemoststrikingfeatureofhumanlanguage.()3.ModalitycanbecategorizedintomodalizationandmodulationaccordingtoHalliday.()4.Morphologyisthestudyoftheinternalstructureandtheformationofwords.()5.Associativemeaningsaremeaningsthathingeonreferentialmeaning.()6.Secondlanguageacquisitionisacomplexprocesswhichinvolvessocialfactorsandlearnerfactors.()7.Varietiesofalanguageareoffourtypes:thestandardvariety,regionaldialets,sociodialectsandregisters.()8.Functionallinguisticsisbasedontheviewthatlanguageasasystem,whichiscomposedofthreeaspects:sound,structureandmeaning.()9.Euphemismisanexpressionthatsubstitutesonewhichmaybeseenasoffensiveordisturbingtotheaddressee.()10.Intonationisthevariationofpitchtodistinguishutterancemeaning.II.Multiplechoice:(10points)1. Thelanguageusedtotalkaboutlanguageiscalled.A.languageB.metalanguageC.naturallanguageD.artificiallanguage2. +continuantspecifies.A.allthefricativesB.allthefricativesandglidesC.allthefricativesandliquidsD.allthefricatives,liquidsandglides3.isaprocessthatcreatesnewwordsbyputtingtogethernon-morphemicpartsofexistingwords.A.CoinageB.BIendingC.AcronmymsD.Clipping4. Aisaminimaldistinctivelinguisticunit.A.morphemeB.wordC.phonemeD.allophones5. Thewordmultinationalityhasmorphemes.A.2B.3C.4D.56.isatermwidelyusedinsociolinguisticstoreferto"varietiesaccordingtouse,jincontrastwithregionaldialectsandsociolects,bothofwhichare“varietiesaccordingtouser'1.A.fieldB.modeC.tenorD.register7.areafundamentalunitofconversationalstructure.A.back-channelsignalsB.adjacencypairsC.pre-sequencesD.insertionsequences8.TheideathatpeoplecooperatewitheachotherinconversingisgeneralizedbyGrice(1975)as()1.Thisvetisveryfamousinthetown.()2.Thisclassroomislargeandbright.()3.Heiswateringflowers.()4.0rlonisakindofclothmaterial.()5.Wattisthemeasurementunitofelectricity.()6.EECisanimportantorganizationintheworld.()7.Aneditorisapersonwhoeditsanewspaper.()8.Theroadwasenlargedlastyear.()9.Someyoungpeoplehavebrunchquiteoften.Ba. Conversionb. Derivationc. Blendingd. Backformatione. Acronymf. Compoundingg. Coinageh. Eponymi. ClippingV.Pickoutthesoundthatdoesnotbelongtothegroupofthesoundsaccordingtothenaturalclassofsounds.Andthennamethefeature(s)thatdefinetheonepickedoutandthegroupofsounds:(10points)Forexample:1.2.3.4.5.zvoiced/voicelessfzsm?n回回mMwszJd33i:i?u同i:?:同?()7.InEnglish,thetwoliquidsIandrarephonemes,butinKorean,theyareallophones.()8.MoodisasyntacticconstituentmadeupoftheSubjectandthePredicate.()9.Compoundingisonetypeofwordformationbycombiningbothfreemorphemesandboundmorphemes.()10.Thetotalnumberofwordsstoredinthebrainiscalledthelexicon.j. .Multiplechoice:(10points)1. Thefollowingsareallfeaturesoflanguageexcept.A.dualityB.productivityC.changeabilityD.displacement2. Thelexicalsenserelationbetweenflourandfloweris.A.synonymyB.antonymC.polysemyD.homonymy3.isaprocessthatputsanexistingwordofoneclassintoanotherclass.A.ConversionB.AbbreviationC.EponymsD.Blending4. Childrenallundergostagesoflanguagedevelopment.A. babbling,two-word,holophrasticandthetelegraphicspeechB. babbling,two-word,telegraphicspeechandtheholophrasticC. babbling,holophrastic,two-word,andthetelegraphicspeechD. babbling,holophrastic,telegraphicspeechandthetwo-word5. ThefollowingsareacknowledgedasimportantfactorsinsecondlanguageacquisitionexceptA.motivationB.nationalityC.ageD.learningstrategy6. Speakersconsiderthematteroffaceforthemselvesandothers.Basedonthisobservation,Leech(1983)proposes.A.thecooperativeprincipleB.theprincipleofrelevanceC.thepolitenessprincipleD.speechacts7. Minimalpairscanbeexemplifiedby.A.moonoonB.foot/foodC.she/sheetD.sea/sea8. Thefeaturesthatarefoundoverasegmentorasequenceoftwoormoresegmentsarecalled()9.Thestreetwaswidenedlastyear.Ba.Conversionb.Derivationc.Blendingd.Backformatione.Acronymf.Compoundingg.Coinageh.Eponymi.ClippingIV.Writethephoneticsymbolthatcorrespondstothearticulatorydescription.(10points)1. labiodentals2. interdentals3. backvowels4. highvowels5. palatalaffricatesV. MatchthesentenceinColumnAwiththelinguisticprocessincolumnB.Andputtheletteryouchooseinthebracket.(10points)A()1.Thenoiseannoyedhim.()2.Thepolicecaughthim()3.Therearetwobooksonthetable.()4.Johnexplainedthetheorytome.()5.HewatchesTVeveryday.()6.TheconferenceisonMondayBa.Materialprocessb.Relationalprocessc.Mentalprocessd.Verbalprocesse.Behavioralprocessf.ExistentialprocessVI. Explainthefollowingterms:(10points)1.arbitrariness2. voicingVII.Drawtreediagramstoshowtheambiguityofthesentence,uTheycanfish*'.(10points)VIII.Answerthefollowingquestions?(30points)1.2. Whatisthedifferencebetweenagreenhouseandagreenhouse?Whatisconversionintermsofwordformation?Illustrateitwithexamples.3. Whatarethecomponentsofmetaphors?综合测试题(四)I. Indicatethestatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets:(10points)()1.Englishisatonelanguage.()2.Boundmorphemesarealwaysattachedtofreemorphemestoformnewwords.()3.Associativemeaningsaremeaningsthathingeonreferentialmeanings.()4.MetaphorisanessentialelementinourcategorizationoftheworldandOurthinkingprocess.()5.Overgeneralizationisfounduniversalinsecondlanguageacquisition.()6.AccordingtoM.A.K.Halliday,thethreemetafunctionsoflanguageareexperientialmetafunction,interpersonalmetafunctionanddiscoursemetafunction.()7.Thelanguageusedtotalkaboutlanguageiscalledmetalanguage.()8.Therearetwotypesoflanguageintheworld:naturallanguageandartificiallanguage.()9.Coinageisaprocessofinventingwordsbasedonexistingmorphemes.()10Environmentalisttheoriesholdthatexperienceisofmoreimportancethaninnatecontributionsinlearningasecondlanguage.II. Multiplechoice:(10points)1. Theword“antidisestablishmentariaism"iscomposedofmorphemes.A.sixB.sevenC.eightD.nine2. referstothevibratingofthevocalcordswhensoundsareproduced.A.VoicingB.VoicedC.NasaIizationD.Aspiration3. Smogisaword.A.derivedB.clippedC.blendedD.compound4. Theideathatthelearnershaveasenseofachievementaslongastheylearnifofvitalimportance.Thiskindofmotivationmaybetermedmotivation.A.instrumentalB.integrativeC.cognitiveD.noneofthem5. u:possessesthefeatures.A.+high+back+round-tenseB.+high-back+round+tenseC.+high+back+round+tenseD.-high+back+round+tense6. Englishisanexampleoflanguages.A.VSOB.SVOC.SOVD.SVO7. Aisthesmallestdistinctivelinguisticunitthatcancontrastwordsinmeaningandinform.A.phonemeB.phoneC.morphemeD.morph8. Freemorphemesweretraditionallycalled.A.affixesB.prefixC.suffixD.root9. Thelexicalsenserelationbetweenelephantandanimalis.A.hyponymyB.synonymyC.antonymyD.homonymy10. Wordslikemaleandfemale,passandfail,etc.areantonyms.A.gradableB.complementaryC.reversalD.relativeIII.MatchthesentenceinColumnAwiththelinguisticprocessincolumnB.Andputtheletteryouchooseinthebracketbeforethesentence.(10points)A()1.JohnistalkingtoJane.()2.Tomistheleader()3.Thereisacatonthebed.()4.Thebadnewsastonishedher.()5.Edwardbrokethewindow.()6.Hewavedhishands.Ba.Materialprocessb.Relationalprocessc.Mentalprocessd.Verbalprocesse.Behavioralprocessf.ExistentialprocessIV. Statewhatsemanticpropertyorpropertiesaresharedbythegroupofwords.(10points)Forexample:typewriter,ruler,notebook1.king,bachelor,son2.bull,rooster,stallion3.pine,rose,elm4.bravery,charity,devotion5.car,bike,plane+stationaryV. Transcribethesoundrepresentedbytheunderlinedletter(s)inthewordsandthedescribeit.(10points)Example:fara:backlowvowel1.thread2.beat3.important4.live5.stopVI.Explaintheambiguityofthefollowingsentences.(10points)1. Shecannotbearchildren.(1)(2)(3)2. Hehatesoldmenandwomen.(1)(2)VII.Explainthefollowingtermswithexamples.(10points)1.2. CompoundingFreevariationVII.Answerthefollowingquestions?(30points)1.2.Whatisthedistinctionbetweensemanticsandpragmatics?Whatarethefourparametersthatunderlieaspeaker'scommunicativecompetenceaccordingtoHymes(1972)?3. Whatarethethreetypesofantonyms(lexicalopposition)inEnglish?综合测试题(五)I. Indicatethestatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets:(10points)()1.Languageisdefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.()2.Languagecontainstwosubsystems,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeaning.()3.TheSwisslinguistChomskyregardedthelinguisticsignascomposedofsoundimageandreferent.()4.Languagecanbeusedtorefertothingsrealorfalse,past,presentorfuture.()5.Languageismerelygeneticallytransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration.()6.Weuselanguageassymboliccodetorepresenttheworldaroundus.()7.Theideatonalfunctionoflanguagebindsindividualstogether.()8.Whenwespeakorwriteweusuallyconfineourselvestosinglephrasesorsentences.()9.Languageismostlyanaturalphenomenon.()10.Appliedlinguisticisconcernedwiththeapplicationoflinguistictheoriesanddescriptionsinotherfields.II. Transcribethesoundunderlinedinthewordsandthendescribeit.(5points)1.2.3.4.5.GeographicRedSongClockPsychopathyIII. ThefollowingsetsofminimalpairsshowthatEnglishpandbcontrastininitial,medial,andfinalpositions.(5points)Initialpit/bitMedialrapid/rabidFinalcap/cabFindsimilarsetsofminimalpairsforeachpairofconsonantsgiven:1.2.3.4.5.k-gmnlrb-vb-mIV. Eachofthefollowingcolumnsillustratesadifferentmorphologicalprocess.(10points)ColumnIA.chairsB.widerCJookedD.Tom,sColumnIIA.realityB.movementC.malcontentD.stepmotherColumnIIIA.blackboardB.greenhouseC.makeshiftD.paintwork(1) WhatmorphologicalprocessisshownbyColumnI,IIandIII.(2) Whatisthemorphologicaldifferencebetweena),b)andc),d)inColumnII.V.Tellwhetherpolarityormodalityisexpressedinthefollowingsentencesifmodality,thenidentifythetype(modalizationormodulation).(10points)1 .Ihavenotfinishedthetask.2 .Heoftencomestomyoffice.1. 1willshowyouhowtomakeupthebed.4. Hehardlycamebacktoseehismother.5. Thecompanyoughttocutthepriceoftheproducts.VI.Analyzethesemanticpropertiesofthegivencookingterms,usingthefeatures+/-WATER,+/-FAT,+/-PAN,+/-POT,+/-OVEN,+/-SIEVE,etc.(10points)boil:fry:steam:stew:bake:V11.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthatyouunderstandtheambiguityinvolved:(15points)a) .Theprofessor,sappointmentwasshocking.b) .Thedesignhasbigsquaresandcircles.c) .Thegovernorisadirtystreetfighter.VHI.WhatmaximofthepolitenessprincipleisobservedbyB?Whatistheimplicature?(5points)a) .Thedressislovely,isn,tit?b) .Thematerialisnice.IX.Drawtwophrasestructuretreesrepresentingthetwomeaningsofthesentencethemagiciantouchedthechildwiththewand.Besureyouindicatewhichmeaninggoeswithwhichtree.(10points)X.Answerthefollowingquestion:(20points)1. WhatisthefunctioningofstressandintonationinEnglish?2. Howdoyouaccountfortherelationbetweenphoneticsandphonology?综合测试题(六)1. Indicatethestatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets:(20points)()1.Inthestudyofthefirststepisthetaskofauditoryphonetics.()2.Thesoundsourceisthelarynx.()3.Theoralcavitycontainsmostofthearticulators,namely,theuvula,thevelumthehardpalate.()4.Soundswhichareproducedwiththeupperteethtouchingthelowerliparelabialdentals.()5.Conversionisusuallyfound