美国名人作家海明威1.docx

美国名人作家海明威1ErnestHemingwayz1899-1961:HecreatedaNewKindofWriting.HeWasAbletoPaintinWordsWhatHeSawandFelt.playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:24repeatByRichardThorman2008-3-8VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmFrankOliverwithPeopleinAmerica,aSpecialEnglishprogramaboutpeoplewhowereimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.Today,wetellaboutthelifeofwriterErnestHemingway.(Theme)VOICEONE:"Awriterisalwaysalone,alwaysanoutsider,"ErnestHemingwaysaid.Otherssaidthatofthemanypeoplehecreatedinhisbooks,Hemingwaywashisownbestcreation.ErnestHemingwaywasbornineighteenninety-nine.HegrewupinOakPark,Illinois,nearthemiddlewesternCityofChicago.Hewasthesecondchildinafamilyofsix.Hisfatherwasadoctor.Hismotherlikedtopaintandplaythepiano.YoungErnestHemingwayfishinginMichiganin1904EachsummerthefamilytraveledtotheirholidayhomeinnorthernMichigan.Ernest'sfathertaughthimhowtocatchfish,hunt,setupacampandcookoverafire.AthomeinOakPark,Ernestwroteforhisschoolnewspaper.Hetriedtowritelikeafamoussportswriterofthattime,RingLardner.Hedevelopedhiswritingskillsthisway.VOICETWO:Innineteenseventeen,Hemingwaydecidednottogotoauniversity.TheUnitedStateshadjustenteredWorldWarOneandhewantedtojointhearmy.Butthearmyrejectedhimbecausehiseyesightwasnotgoodenough.ErnestfoundajobwiththeKansasCityStarnewspaperinKansasCity,Missouri.Hereportednewsfromthehospital,policeheadquarters,andtherailroadstation.Onereporterremembered:"Hemingwaylikedtobewheretheactionwas."TheKansasCityStardemandedthatitsreporterswriteshortsentences.Itwantedreporterstoseetheunusualdetailsinanincident.Hemingwayquicklylearnedtodoboth.HeworkedforthenewspaperonlyninemonthsbeforehejoinedtheRedCrosstohelponthebattlefieldsofEurope.HisjobwastodriveaRedCrosstruckcarryingwoundedawayfrombattle.VOICEONE:ErnestHemingwayasanAmericanRedCrossvolunteerinMilan,Italy,1918TheRedCrosssenthimtoItaly.SoonhesawhisfirstwoundedwhenanarmsfactoryinMilanexploded.Later;hewassenttothebattlefront.Hewentasclosetothefightingaspossibletoseehowhewouldactinthefaceofdanger.Beforelong,hewasseriouslywounded.Thewarendedsoonafterhehealed.HemingwayreturnedtotheUnitedStates.LessthanayearhadpassedsincehewenttoEurope.Butinthatshorttimehehadchangedforever.Heneededtowriteaboutwhathehadseen.VOICETWO:ErnestHemingwayIe代homeforChicagotoprovetohimsetandtohisfamily,thathecouldearnalivingfromhiswriting.But,heranoutofmoneyandbegantowriteforanewspaperagain.TheCanadiannewspaper;theTorontoStar;likedhisreportsaboutlifeinChicagoandpaidhimwell.VOICEONE:InChicago,HemingwaymetthewriterSherwoodAnderson.AndersonwasoneofthefirstwritersinAmericatowriteaboutthelivesofcommonpeople.HemingwaysawthatAnderson'sstoriesshowedlifeasitreallywaszthewayHemingwaywastryingtodo.AndersongaveHemingwayadviceabouthiswriting.HetoldHemingwaytomovetoParis,wherelivingwaslesscostly.HesaidPariswasfullofyoungartistsandwritersfromallovertheworld.InreturnforAnderson'skindnessHemingwaywroteabookcalled"TheTorrentsofSpring."ItmakesfunofAndersonandthewayhewrote.TherewassomethinginHemingwaythatcouldnotsay"thankyou"toanyone.Hehadtobelievehedideverythingforhimsetevenwhenheknewothershelpedhim.VOICETWO:HemingwaydecidedtomovetoParis.ButbeforehedidhemarriedawomanhehadErnestHemingwayandHadleyHemingwayinChambyzSwitzerland,1922recentlymet.HernamewasHadleyRichardson.PariswascoldandgraywhenHemingwayandhisnewwifearrivedinnineteentwenty-one.Theylivedinoneofthepoorerpartsofthecity.Theirroomsweresmallandhadnorunningwater.ButtheTorontoStaremployedhimasitsEuropeanreporter,sotherewasenoughmoneyforthetwoofthemtolive.AndthejobgaveHemingwaytimetowritehisstories.VOICEONE:HemingwayenjoyedexploringParis,makingnewfriends,learningFrenchcustomsandsports.SomenewfriendswereartistsandwriterswhohadcometoParisinthenineteentwenties.AmongthemwerepoetEzraPound,andwritersGertrudeStein,JohndosPassoszandF.ScottFitzgerald.TheyquicklysawthatHemingwaywasagoodwriter.TheyhelpedhimpublishhisstoriesintheUnitedStates.Hewasthankfulfortheirsupportatthetime,butlaterdeniedthathehadreceivedhelp.Asareporter,HemingwaytraveledalloverEurope.Hewroteaboutpolitics.Hewroteaboutpeaceconferencesandborderdisputes.Andhewroteaboutsports,skiingandfishing.LaterhewouldwriteaboutbullfightinginSpain.TheTorontoStarwaspleasedwithhiswork,andwantedmoreofhisreports.ButHemingwaywasbusywithhisownwriting.Hesaid:"Sometimes,Iwouldstartanewstoryandcouldnotgetitgoing.ThenIwouldstandandlookoutovertheroofsofParisandthink.Iwouldsaytomyself:'AUyouhavetodoiswriteonetruesentence.Writethetruestsentenceyouknow.'Sofinally,Iwouldwriteatruesentenceandgoonfromthere.ItwasawonderfulfeelingwhenIhadworkedwell.,VOICETWO:Hemingway'sfirstbookofstorieswascalled"InOurTime."Itincludedastorycalled"BigTwo-HeartedRiver;"abouttheeffectofwaronayoungman.IttellsabouttheyoungmantakingalongfishingtripinMichigan.Hemingwayhadlearnedfromhisfatherwhenhewasaboyaboutlivinginthewild.Thestoryisabouttwokindsofrivers.Oneiscalmandclear.Itiswheretheyoungmanfishes.Theotherisdark.Itisaswamp,athreateningplace.Thestoryshowstheyoungmantryingtoforgethispast.Heisalsotryingtoforgetthewar.Yetheneverreallyspeaksaboutit.Thereaderlearnsabouttheyoungman,notbecauseHemingwaytellsuswhattheyoungmanthinks,butbecauseheshowstheyoungmanlearningabouthimself."BigTwo-HeartedRiver"isconsideredoneofthebestmodernAmericanstories.Itisoftenpublishedincollectionsofbestwriting.VOICEONE:Afterthebookwaspublishedinnineteentwenty-five,HadleyandHemingwayreturnedtotheUnitedStatesforthebirthoftheirson.TheyquicklyreturnedtoParis.Hemingwaywasworkingonalongstory.Hewantedtopublishanovelsohewouldberecognizedasaseriouswriter.Andhewantedthemoneyanovelwouldearn.Thenovelwascalled"TheSunAlsoRises."ItisaboutyoungAmericansinEuropeafterWorldWarOne.Thewarhaddestroyedtheirdreams.Andithadgiventhemnothingtoreplacethosedreams.ThewriterGertrudeSteinlatercalledthesepeoplemembersof"TheLostGeneration.',VOICETWO:Thebookwasanimmediatesuccess.Attheageoftwenty-fiveErnestHemingwaywasfamous.Manypeople,however,couldnotrecognizeHemingway'sartbecausetheydidnotlikewhathewroteabout.Hemingway'ssentenceswereshort,thewayhehadbeentaughttowriteattheKansasCityStarnewspaper.Hewroteaboutwhatheknewandfelt.Heusedfewdescriptivewords.Hisstatementswereclearandeasilyunderstood.Hehadlearnedfromearlierwriters,likeRingLardnerandSherwoodAnderson.ButHemingwaybroughtsomethingnewtohiswriting.Hewasabletopaintinwordswhathesawandfelt.Inlaterbooks,sometimeshemissed.Sometimesheevenlookedfoolish.Butwhenhewasrighthewasalmostperfect.VOICEONE:Withthesuccessofhisnovel,HemingwaybecameevenmorepopularinParis.Manypeoplecametoseehim.OnewasanAmericanwoman,PaulinePfeiffer.ShebecameHadley'sfriend.ThenPaulinefellinlovewithHemingway.HemingwayandPaulinesaweachothersecretly.Onetime,theywentawaytogetheronashorttrip.Yearslater,Hemingwaywroteaboutreturninghomeafterthattrip:"WhenIsawHadleyagain,IwishedIhaddiedbeforeIeverlovedanyonebuther.Shewassmilingandthesunwasonherlovelyface.,Butthemarriagewasover.ErnestHemingwayandHadleyseparated.Shekepttheirson.Heagreedtogivehermoneyheearnedfromhisbooks.Inlateryears,helookedbackathismarriagetoHadleyasthehappiesttimeofhislife.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisPeopleinAmericaprogramwaswrittenbyRichardThorman.I'mFrankOliver.VOICEONE:AndmShirleyGriffith.JoinusagainnextweekforthefinalpartofthestoryofErnestHemingwayinSpecialEnglishontheVoiceofAmerica.