EvolutionEarth《进化的地球（2023）》第一季第三集完整中英文对照剧本.docx
Viewerslikeyoumakethisprogrampossible.SupportyourlocalPBSstation.解说员在地球上最热的地方，narratorInthehottestplacesonEarth,自然世界被驱使去做非同寻常的事情thenaturalworldispushedtodoextraordinarythings.随着地球的升温，Asourplanetheatsup,即使是最小程度的变化eventhesmallestdegreesofchange可以带来惊人的不同canmakeastaggeringdifference.动物表现出了韧性Animalsareshowingaresilience这很难实现that,shardtodreamof.直到你亲眼看到untilyouseeitwithyourowneyes.黑猩猩吠叫Chimpsbarking即使是我们最亲密的亲戚，Evenourclosestrelatives,生活在世界上最热的地方，livinginthehottestpartoftheirworld,正在做一些以前从未拍摄过的事情aredoingsomethingthat'sneverbeenfilmedbefore.黑猩猩咕哝Chimpgrunting我叫肖恩坎贝尔斯塔顿Myname'sShaneCampbell-Staton.我是一名进化生物学家manevolutionarybiologist.我在这里给你讲电影制♥作♥人、科学家的故事,mheretotellyoustoriesfromfilmmakers,scientists,以及全球各地的当地专家andlocalexpertsacrosstheglobe关于变化的脉搏aboutapulseofchange.整个星球都在变化Theentireplanetisshifting.气候正在以惊人的速度变化Theclimateischangingatanincredible比应该的速度快170倍170timesfasterthanitshouldbe.我们不可能总是看到它Wecan'talwaysseeit.我们陷入了自己的困境，你知道吗？We'resocaughtupinourownthing,youknow?但这些迹象无处不在Butthesignsareeverywhere.整棵生命之树都在对我们窃窃私语Theentiretreeoflifeiswhisperingtous.溅水Watersplashing我们只需要注意Wejusthavetopayattention.打鼾Snorting在外面，事情并不是你所期望的那样Outthere,thingsaren'twhatyouexpect.你会看到的You'llsee.这些黑猩猩是开拓性的类人猿Thesechimpsarepioneeringapes.它们生活在黑猩猩活动范围内最热的地方Theyliveatthehottestextremeofanychimpanzee'srange.他们的家越来越热Andtheirhomeisgettinghotter.我们和他们在大草原上呆了几个星期Wespentweeksonthesavannawiththem.在我们在这个系列中拍摄的所有动物中，Andofalltheanimalswefilmedinthisseries,它和黑猩猩在一起itwasspendingtimewiththechimps这真的很突出thatreallystoodout.我们爱上了这些家伙，Wefellinlovewiththeseguys,就像灵长类动物学家吉尔普鲁茨22年前所做的那样justlikeprimatologistJillPruetzdid22yearsago.尽管高温，Despitetheintensehea她仍然不厌其烦地闲逛shestillnevertiresofhangingout和她的丰哥利黑猩猩withherFongolichimps.Jill我还是觉得很开心，JillIstillfeelreallyhappy,like,我一看到他们就头晕giddywhenIseethem.总有新鲜事发生There'salwayssomethingnewgoingon.是的，我还是很兴奋Yeah,Istillgetabuzz.当你和黑猩猩在一起时，什么是最突出的Whatstandsoutwhenyou'rewiththechimps你知道，它们有生物适应能力吗istheyhave,youknow,biologicaladaptations应对高温todealingwithheat这些黑猩猩有点不同Campbell-StatonThesechimpsareabitdifferent来自他们的森林表亲fromtheirforestcousins.它们看起来没有那么多毛Theylooklesshairy他们走得更直andtheywalkuprightmore比非洲其他地方的黑猩猩还要多thanchimpselsewhereinAfrica.你看得越多，感觉就越像Themoreyoulook,themoreitfeelslike你在看我们进化史的一章you'rewatchingachapterofourownevolutionaryhistory.当我想象早期人类时，JillWhenIimagineearlyhumans,这就是我所看到的thisiskindofwhatIsee.栖息地对我们自身的进化有很大的影响Thehabitathadalargeinfluenceonourownevolution.同样类型的压力一定对他们产生了影响ThesametypesOfpressuresmusthavebeenimpactingthem.这种类型的环境非常相似ThistypeOfenvironmentisverysimilar我们的第一个两足动物祖先生活的地方towhatourfirstbipedalancestorslivedin.CampbellStatOn与黑猩猩拍摄后Campbell-StatonAfterfilmingwiththechimps对于该系列的第一集，forthefirstepisodeoftheseries,吉尔告诉我们这个故事还有更多Jilltoldustherewasmoretothisstory.一种从未被拍摄过的新行为Anewbehaviorneverfilmedbefore.他们就在这里They'rejusthere.我们应该留下来Campbell-StatonAndweshouldstay看看我们是否可以用遥控相机拍摄'andseeifwecouldfilmitwithremotecameras.这是其他黑猩猩不会做的行为It'sbehaviorotherchimpsdon'tdo.只有在天气变热的时候才会发生anditonlyhappenshere,whenitgetshot.我的意思是真的很热Imeanreallyhot.当它变成像107110,Whenitgetstobe,like,107,110,不管是湿热还是干热：itdoesn'tmatterwhetherit'sawetheatoradryheat:天气很热it'sjusthot.随着旱季水银柱的上升，Asthemercuryrisesinthedryseason,感觉就像黑猩猩正处于崩溃的边缘itfeelslikethechimpsareatabreakingpoint.热应激对妈妈和宝宝的影响最大Theheatstressfallshardestonmommaandherbaby.Jill有哺乳期婴儿的女性，JillFemalesthathaveyounginfantsthatarenursing,他们会有压力的they'regoingtobestressed.你知道，你想离开太阳Youknow,youwantoutofthesun.高温的压力CampbelI-StatonThepressureoftheextremeheat促使这些黑猩猩做出不同寻常的事情pushesthesechimpstodosomethingextraordinary.其他黑猩猩不会这么做Otherchimpswillnotdothis.像这样的洞穴，就是捕食者藏身的地方Caveslikethis,that'swherepredatorshideout.他们可能会被困在这里Theycouldgetcorneredinhere.他们必须重新连接多年的本能恐惧Theymustrewireyearsofinstinctualfear成为“室内黑猩猩”tobecome."indoorchimps."我们的远程摄像机在那里捕捉到了它Andourremotecamerasweretheretocaptureit黑猩猩咕哝Chimpsgrunting妈妈和宝宝终于从正午的阳光下得到了一些喘息的机会Mommaandbabyfinallygetsomerespitefromthemiddaysun.她更深入洞穴，Sheheadsevendeeperintothecave,爬进悬挑之外的一个房♥间crawlingintoachamberbeyondtheoverhang.川1哺乳期的女性因高温而倍感压力JillFemalesthatarenursingandreallystressedbyheat将在洞穴周围徘徊willbehangingaroundthecave.洞穴总是比较凉爽Thecavesareconsistentlycooler.当她说酷的时候，她的意思是Campbell-StatonAndwhenshesayscooler,shemeans比室外凉爽23度，令人吃惊anastonishing23degreescoolerthanoutside.黑猩猩吠叫Chimpbarking每个人都想从这次行动中分一杯羹Andeveryonewantsapieceofthisaction.如果周围有很多黑猩猩，JillIftherearealotofchimpsaround,成年雄性实际上会竞争theadultmaleswillactuallycompeteover进入洞穴accesstothecaves.现在还早Campbell-StatonIt'sstillearlydays开始描述这个洞穴的行为tostartdescribingthiscavebehavior.但这就是我所说的“令人不寒而栗”butthisiswhatIwouldcategorizeas"chillaxing."当下午凉爽下来时，Whentheafternooncoolsoff是时候返回平原了it,stimetoheadbacktotheplains.这些黑猩猩在前线Thesechimpsareonthefrontline我们的地球正在变暖ofourwarmingplanet.他们E在经历一个环境Theyareexperiencinganenvironment变化速度是我们祖先的10倍changing10timesfasterthanourancestorsdid500万或600万年前5millionor6millionyearsago.更重要的是，现在的f匕What'smore,thechangesnow发生得比任何时候都快arehappeningfasterthananyothertime在过去的6500万年里inthepast65millionyears.Jill正在研究这一切意味着什么Jill'sworkingoutwhatallthismeans为了她的丰哥利黑猩猩的未来forthefutureofherFongolichimps.看来黑猩猩可能存在JillItseemslikethechimpscouldexist直到2080年upuntiltheyear2080.CampbellStaton在那之后，温度的升高意味着Campbell-StatonAfterthatheriseintemperaturemeans可能没有足够的水therelikelywon'tbeenoughwater.那时，黑猩猩无法生存JillAtthatpoint,thechimpscouldn'tsurvive.即使是洞穴也无济厂事Campbell-StatonNoteventhecaveswouldhelp.谁知道他们会搬到哪里去呢？Andwhoknowswheretheywouldmovetothen?随着地球变暧，包括我们在内的每一种生物-Asourplanetwarms,everycreature-includingus-需要找到新的应对方式willneedtofindnewwaystocope.黑猩猩咕哝Chimpsgrunting当我从内盖夫沙漠得到情报时WhenIgotintelfromtheNegevDesert关于一群动物寻找新方法aboutagroupofanimalsfindingnewways他们的家被烤得酥脆tosurvivetheirhomebeingbakedtoacrisp.我知道我们必须去看看well,Iknewwehadtogoandseeit.鸟鸣Birdschirping在沙漠中，气温上升意味着Hereinthedesert,risingtemperaturesmean干旱持续时间更长，droughtslastlonger,热浪更强烈，heatwavesaremoreintense,水源正在枯竭，watersourcesaredryingout,山谷变成了尘土andvalleysareturningtodust.鸟鸣Birdsquawking嗡嗡作响Flybuzzing这些努比亚野山羊的下一代ThenextgenerationoftheseNubianibex必须学会在这里谋生的新方法mustlearnanewwayofmakingalivinghere.它从一只小山羊的一次大攀登开始Itstartswithabigclimbforalittlegoat.通常，母亲会带孩了去山谷Usually,amotherwouldtakeherkidintothevalley找点吃的tofindsomethingtoeat.但在过去的30年里，Butinthelast30years,内盖夫的一些地区已经失去了2/3的植被someoftheNegevhaslost2/3ofitsvegetation.气温上升了3度Andtemperatureshaverisenby3degrees.所以，这个沙漠的居民.“So,theresidentsofthisdesert.别无选择，只能成为移♥民♥havenochoicebuttobecomemigrants.这些野山羊正向上然后离开Theseibexareheadingup.andout.鸟鸣Birdsquawking当芯片放下时，Whenthechipsaredown,有时你只需要去城市sometimesyoujustgottoheadtothecity.狗叫Dogbarking像这样的解决方案是通过技术实现的Settlementslikethisonearemadepossiblewithtechnology可以容纳100多万人thatallowsoveramillionpeople现在把沙漠称为他们的新家tonowcallthedeserttheirnewhome.一个被利用的机会.如果你敢的话Anopportunitytobeexploited.ifyoudare.Ibex被猎杀到濒临灭绝Ibexwerehuntedtonearextinction就在几十年前justafewdecadesago.所以，当你仔细想想的时候,So,whenyouthinkaboutit,这位母亲必须克服对人类的恐惧thismommustovercomeafearofhumans代代相传handeddownovergenerations.他们很紧张，但时代是绝望的They'renervous,buttimesaredesperate.她带着她的孩子走进了一片陌生的绿洲Andsheleadsherkidonintoastrangeoasis.它们停留的时间足以吃饱Theystaylongenoughtogettheirfill.然后迅速返回沙漠的避难所andquicklyreturntothesanctuaryofthedesert.现住，这个故事有一个转折点Now,there'satwisttothisstory.当你从一个沙漠小镇搬到另一个沙漠城镇时，画面会发生变化Thepicturechangesasyoumovefromonedeserttowntoanother.在更古老、更大的定居点-Intheolder,largersettlements那里有更多的人-wherethere'smorepeople-野山羊越来越习惯了theibexarebecomingmoreaccustomed我们的人类世界toourhumanworld.在这里，野山羊不再偷偷摸摸了Here,theibexarenolongersneakingaround.他们拥有这个地方They'reowningthisplace.按喇叭Hornhonking他们从根本上改变了自己的行为.They'vechangedtheirbehaviorsoradically.他们几乎已经搬进来了they'veprettymuchmovedin.狗叫Dogbarking他们似乎已经失去了天生的恐惧，Theyseemtohavelosttheirinnatefear,他们乐于接受城市生活的所有装饰andthey1rehappytoadoptallthetrappingsofcitylife.他们现在和当地人一样自在They,renowasmuchathomehereasthelocals.一切都是公平的Everythingisfairgame.汽车警报响起Caralarmsounding大笑Laughing所以，提醒我不要在这里停车So,remindmenottoparkhere.研究人员在这里发现了野山羊Researchersarefindingthatibexhere变得比野山羊更大胆arebecomingbolderthantheibex在我们参观的第一个定居点inthefirstsettlementwevisited.他们在城里呆得越多，Andthemoretheystayintown,它们越是成为孤立的种群，themoretheybecomeisolatedpopulations,变化一一甚至在基因水平上changing-evenatthegeneticlevel.我们知道世界各地的动物Weknowthatanimalsallovertheworld正在适应城市生活areadaptingtolifeinthecity.那么，谁知道这会把他们带到哪里呢？So,whoknowswherethis'lltakethem?“极热区”被描述为非常热的地方，"Extremehotzones"aredescribedasplacessohot,它们几乎不适合居住they'renearlyunlivable.科学家预测，这些区域将上升Andscientistspredicttheseareasaregoingtorise从地球表面的1%from1%oftheEarth'ssurface到2070年达到惊人的19%toastaggering19%by2070.如果这将是表面Ifthisisgoingtobethesurface占地球近五分之一，ofnearly1/5ofourplane我们需要了解这个地方Weneedtogettoknowtheplace.我说服了摄像团队AndIpersuadedthecamerateamtoseekout地球上最能适应极端高温的动物之一oneofthemostextremeheat-adaptedanimalsonEarth.很少有生物能在这里生存Veryfewcreaturescansurvivehere.中午其中一个非常突出Andatmidday.onestandsout.撒哈拉银蚁TheSaharansilverant.它们的银色光泽来自于特殊的毛发Theirsilversheencomesfromspecialhairs适于反射几乎70%的太阳光线adaptedtoreflectalmost70%ofthesun'srays.这些家伙是故意在一天中最热的时候出来的Theseguyscomeoutatthehottesttimeofdayonpurpose.但即使是他们也不能在外面呆太久Buteventheycan'tstayouttoolong.它们只有10分钟的时间才能煮熟Theyhaveonly10minutesbeforethey'recooked.所以，你们最好行动起来So,y,allbestgetamoveon.幸运的是，它们是地球上速度最快的蚂蚁1.uckyforthem,they'rethefastestantsonEarth.当每一刻都重要时，Wheneverymomentcounts,你不想冒迷路的风险youdon'twanttoriskgettinglost.因此，它们旋转以与太阳定向So,theyspintoorientwiththesun.他们计算每一步Theycounteverystep记住地标andmemorizelandmarks.所有这些结合在一起，为它们提供了一种内置GPSItallcombinestogivethemasortofbuilt-inGPS这意味着他们可以跑得最快，thatmeanstheycantakethefastest,最直接的回家路线mostdirectroutehome.最后，他们能闻到“.午餐Finally,theycansmell.lunch.一只被烈日炙烤的蝎子Ascorpionroastedbythehotsun.急需增援部队Reinforcementsareneededurgently.蚂蚁的颗很有力Theants'jawsarepowerful.但蝎子的盔甲似乎更坚硬butthescorpion'sarmorseemstougher.要把它带回家，他们需要迅速地把它拆开，Tocarryithome,theyneedtopullitapart,andquickly,或者这顿饭可能是他们最后一顿了orthismealmightbetheirlast.蝎子比任何一只都重100多倍Thescorpionisover100timesheavierthananyoneofthem.但他们终于把它拆散了Butthey'vefinallybrokenitapart.团队毒刺回来了Teamstingermakesitback.但现在地面温度超过140度，Butwiththegroundtemperaturesnowover140degrees,蚂蚁离得很近theantsarecriticallyclose达到他们的最高体温toreachingtheirmaximumbodytemperature.在这样的高温下，所有的生命都在挣扎Atthisheat,alllifestruggles.甚至DNA也开始分解EvenDNAstartstobreakdown.但是蚂蚁有特殊的热休克蛋白Buttheantshavespecialheatshockproteins为了保护它们的基本生命支持系统，toprotecttheirbasiclife-supportsystems,为他们争取足够的时间问来buyingthemjustenoughtimetomakeitback.这种类型的极端高温适应Thistypeofextremeheatadaptation经过几千年的磨练hasbeenhonedovermillennia.但随着我们的现代世界开始以如此快的速度发生变化，Butasourmodernworldstartstochangeatsuchafastrate,生命需要以超高速进化才能跟上lifewillneedtoevolveatsuper-speedtokeepup.我们在南澳大利亚听说了一个令人惊奇的故事WeheardaboutasurprisingstoryinSouthAustralia.它给了我们全新的见解Onethat,sgivingusbrand-newinsights了解动物对高温的反应速度intohowfastanimalscanrespondtotheheat.它始于一个极端天气事件.Itstartswithanextremeweatherevent.最近炙烤南澳大利亚这一地区的热浪arecentheatwavethatbakedthisareaofSouthAustralia以一代人以来从未见过的凶猛withaferocitynotseenforageneration.我见过的最严重的干旱ManWorstdroughtIeverseen.五年半没有下雨51/2yearswithoutarain.乡村，呃，非常悲伤Thecountrysidewas,uh,verysad.水洞周围的鸟都快死了Thebirdsweredyingroundthewaterholes.袋鼠死在水坑里Kangaroodyingatthewaterholes.那真的非常糟糕Thatwasreally,reallybad.罗杰是这里的社区长者Campbell-StatonRogerisacommunityelderhere.他告诉我们这些古老的红色树胶树-Hetoldustheseancientredgumtrees-经受住了无数次干旱-thathadweatheredcountlessdroughts-被烧焦致死werescorchedtodeath.罗杰我以前从未经历过RogerIneverexperiencedthatbefore.CampbellStaton当内陆地区变得非常干燥时，Campbell-StatonWhenthingsgetreallydryintheOutback,一些土著人求助于一只非常特殊的鸟someAboriginalpeopleturntoaveryspecialbirdforhelp.鸟鸣Birdschirping一只小小的斑胸雀Atinyzebrafinch.这是传奇It,slegendary.最终的沙漠幸存者，Theultimatedesertsurvivor,被一些人称为“大姐大”knowntosomeas"bigsister."他们引导人们RogerTheyguidepeople在艰难时期寻找水源throughthehardtimestofindwater.姐姐也很特别Campbell-StatonBigsisterisalsoveryspecial给MyleneMariettetoMyleneMariette.她是一位环境科学家She'sanenvironmentalscientistwhohasspent在这些鸟之后的最后15年thelast15yearsfollowingthesebirds.调查他们在干旱时期的神秘力量Investigatingtheirmythicalpowersintimesofdrought.我听到了这个故事，然后MyleneIheardthestory,andthenIgotto亲身体验experienceitmyself雀鸟是向导Campbell-StatonThefinchesareaguide可以把人们引到水里thatcanleadpeopletowater.一点一点地跟着那只鸟，MyleneJustfollowthebirdlittlebylittle,你知道，穿过小溪youknow,throughthecreek.那些鸟对我来说真的很神奇Thosebirdswerereallyquiteamazingtome.所以，我真的发现r一个新世界So,Iwasjustreallydiscoveringanewworld.鸟鸣Birdschirping斑马雀可以旅行Campbell-StatonZebrafinchescantravel距离水坑很远vastdistancestowaterholes.在极端情况下，它们甚至可以分解自己的身体脂肪Inextremes,theycanevenbreakdowntheirownbodyfat以避免脱水toavoiddehydrating.他们互相帮助寻找水源Theyhelpeachotherfindwater聚集在密泉中，像这样喧闹andgatherinnoisyflocksatsecretsprings,likethis.跟在大姐后面的是其他动物Andfollowingbigsistercomesalltheotheranimals.鸟鸣Birdschirping包括大姐的“小姐姐”!Includingbigsister's"littlesister"!你可以看到姐姐的Youcanseethebigsister's那里的小妹妹emulittlesistertheretheemu.这只雄性emu带来了他的幼崽Campbell-StatonThismaleemuhasbroughthisyoungsters下来喝一杯downforadrink.那么，脖子一英尺长的你是怎么喝酒的？So,howdoyoudrinkwithafoot-longneck?好吧，看看他们的独家技术Well,checkouttheirscooptechnique.他们在干旱时期找水的能力Theirabilitytofindwaterduringtimesofdrought给了这只小鸟巨大的地位hasgiventhistinybirdhugestatus这里既有人，也有野生动物withboththepeopleandthewildlifehere.对MyIene来说，还有其他的东西AndforMylene,thereissomethingelse.她发现r这些鸟的真♥相♥Sheisfindingoutthatthetruthaboutthesebirds比传说更令人印象深刻isevenmoreimpressivethanthelegend.她想知道为什么是姐姐Shewantedtoknowwhybigsister不仅找到了水，而且还活了下来WaSnotonlyfindingwater,butalsosurviving这场毁灭性的干旱比其他干旱要好thedevastatingdroughtbetterthanothers.斑马雀实际上是为数不多的几种MyleneThezebrafinchareactuallyoneofthefewspecies还是设法活了下来thatstillsomehowmanagedtosurvive当其他一切都在消亡的时候wheneverythingelsewasdying.雀鸟似乎有一种特殊的力量Campbell-StatonThefinchesseemedtohaveaspecialpower以应对无情的高温tocopewiththeunforgivingheat.为了了解发生了什么，Tofindoutwhatwasgoingon,Mylene用巢箱建立了一个研究基地Mylenesetupastudysitewithnestboxes.从那时起，我开始研究他们的交流MyleneThat'swhenIstartedlookingattheircommunication.窃听私生活Campbell-Statoneavesdroppingontheprivatelives这些小鸟ofthesetinybirds.他们，你知道，互相交谈MyleneThey,youknow,talktoeachother.他们有不同种类的电♥话♥Theyhavedifferentsortsofcalls.微弱的喟啾声Faintchirping这些电♥话&h
