TurningPoint:TheBombandtheColdWar《转折点:原子弹与冷战(2024)》第一季第一集完整中英文对照剧本.docx
(北约“铁狼”演习立陶宛帕布拉德2022年10月27日)如果把冷战定义为一种与拥有核武器的对手发生冲突IfyoudefineaColdWarasastateofconflictwithanuclear-armedopponent即使双方彼此敌对whereyoucan'tgetateachother,而不能互相攻击的状态eventhoughyouarefunctionallyhostiletoeachother,那么我们和俄♥罗♥斯♥人就正处于一场全新的冷战之中thenwe'reinanewColdWarwiththeRussians.(乌克兰基辅)更多俄军正在出动MoreRussianforcesonthemove.(2022年2月4日)俄♥罗&hearts撕♥远东地区的地对空导弹Surface-to-airmissilesinthecountry,sfareast将加入莫斯科所谓的在乌克兰附近的军事演习duetojoinwhatMoscowsaysaremilitaryexercisesnearUkraine.在某些方面可以说冷战It,seasyinsomewaystosaythattheColdWarended已在20世纪80年代末和90年代初结束inthelate1980sandearly1990s.但如果你在某一天打开报纸Butifyouopenthenewspaperonanygivenday,就会发现我们仍然生活在冷战的余波中we'restilllivingwiththeaftermathoftheColdWar.我们可以看到同样的故事仍在上演Whatwe'reseeingisstillthatstoryplayingout.(俄♥罗♥斯♥入侵乌克兰)据报道大批俄♥罗&hearts撕♥坦克和装甲车ColumnsOfRussiantanksandarmoredvehicles今晚正在越过乌克兰边境arereportedtobepouringacrosstheUkrainianbordertonight.成群的直升机在乡村上空低空飞行SwarmsOfhelicoptersflyinginlowoverthecountryside,给居住在那里的人们带来恐慌和恐惧creatingpanicandterrorforthepeoplelivingthere.经过几个月的准备俄♥罗♥斯♥总统弗拉基米尔普♥京♥Aftermonthsofpreparations,theRussianpresidentVladimirPutin对乌克兰发动了大规模的军事行动haslaunchedamajormilitaryoperationagainstUkraine.乌克兰境内的战争已经开始ThewarinUkrainehasbegun.(2022年2月24日)哦很接近了Oh.It,sclose.普♥京♥执着于乌克兰PutinisobsessedwithUkraine.他不是想重建苏联HedoesnotwanttorecreatetheSovietUnion.他是想重建沙俄帝国HewantstorecreatetheRussianEmpire.(普♥京♥在扩张俄♥罗♥斯♥的战争中将自己比作彼得大帝)他们把乌克兰视为帝国的一部分苏联的一部分TheyseeUkraineaspartoftheirempire,apartoftheSovietUnion.(弗拉基米尔泽连斯基乌克兰总统)他们认为乌克兰是他们的遗产Theyconsiderittheirlegacy,他们的财产他们想要收回theirproperty,whichtheywanttotakeback.普♥京♥说苏联解体PutinsaidthecollapseoftheSovietUnion是20世纪最大的地缘政♥治♥灾难wasthegreatestgeopoliticalcatastropheofthe20thcentury.对他来说赢得乌克兰战争Forhim,winningthewarinUkraineisnotjust,youknow,不仅仅是摧毁乌克兰的国家地位destroyingUkrainianStatehood.我认为这场战争基本是冷战结果的重演Ithinkit'sawartobasicallyreplayresultsoftheColdWar.(俄♥罗♥斯♥入侵冷战回声回荡)(乌克兰战争引发冷战再起阴影)冷战确实结束了TheColdWardidend,但现在我们正在经历着新版本的冷战butnowwearelivingthroughaneweditionoftheColdWar.这是一场非常危险的冷战Andit'saverydangerousColdWar.他们怎么能用核武器威胁幅员辽阔的俄♥罗♥斯♥?HowcantheythreatentheboundlessRussiawithnuclearweapons毕竟他们只是一座小岛whentheyareonlyasmallisland?这个岛太小了.Theislandissosmall(俄♥罗♥斯♥国家电视台)一枚萨尔马特导弹就足以彻底将其击沉thatoneSarmatmissileisenoughtosinkitonceandforall.这些人在播放伦敦被核武器击沉的电影ThesepeopleshowingfilmsofLondonbeingvaporizedbyanuclearweapon并在晚间新闻中大肆嘲笑andlaughingaboutitonthenightlynews.这些都是令人震惊的情况Theseareshocking,shockingsituations.任何挑衅的组织者Organizersofanyprovocation试图威胁我国安全的根本利益那他们一定会后悔的threateningthefundamentalinterestsofoursecuritywillregretit,(普♥京♥致辞2021年4月21Fl)而且一定会悔之不及liketheyhaven'tregrettedanythingforalongtime.我们不是在寻求新的冷战WearenotseekinganewColdWar.我们本以为再也见不到冷战了Itissomethingthatwethoughtthatwewouldneverseeagain.我们都看过二战的照片ThepicturesthatwesawfromtheSecondWorldWar.我是说现在怎么还会发生这种事?Imean,rightnow,howcanthisbehappening?转折点:原♥子♥弹♥与冷战剧名:第一章磅礴旭日冷战是分阶段开始的TheColdWar,whichbeganinphases,最终演变为美国及其盟友ultimatelybecameaglobalexistentialstruggle与苏联及其盟友之间的全球生存斗争betweentheUnitedStatesanditsallies,andtheSovietUnionanditsallies.鼎盛时期冷战触及了每一个大♥陆♥Atitspeak,theColdWartouchedeverycontinent,只有南极洲除外withtheexceptionofAntarctica,而且几乎触及了世界上的每一个国家andpracticallyeverycountryintheworld.冷战导致了Itshapedthedecolonization伟大欧洲帝国的非殖民化ofgreat,largeEuropeanempires.塑造了欧洲、北美和亚洲ItshapeddomesticpoliticsinthegreatcapitalsofEurope.各国首都的.NorthAmerica,内政情况andAsia.对世界上很多人来说Formany,manypeoplearoundtheworld,冷战影响了他们的日常生活itaffectedtheirdailylives.在某些情况下还会带来死亡Andinsomecases,itkilledthem.冷战创造了对情报服务的需求Itcreatedaneedforintelligenceservices,以及对从未消失的秘密活动的需求forsecretactivity,thatneverwentaway.(格勒乌总部俄♥罗♥斯♥对外军事情报部门所在地)要理解弗拉基米尔普♥京♥就不能不提到冷战VladimirPutincannotbeunderstoodwithoutreferencetotheColdWar.他的世界观Hisworldviewisaproduct是1980年代末90年代初苏联解体的产物ofthewayinwhichtheSovietUnioncollapsedinthelate'80sandearly'90s.冷战引发了一场军备竞赛几乎改变了美国人生活的方方面面ItsetoffanarmsracethatchangedvirtuallyeverythingaboutAmericanlife,但也确实破坏了全球关系的稳定butalsoreallydestabilizedglobalrelationships在20世纪的大部分时间里andcausedinfiniteamountofharmaroundtheglobe在全球范围内造成无限的伤害formostofthe20thcentury.看起来十分明显清晰Itseemedsoobviousandsoclear.我们非常好Weweresogood.我们的国家最终成为道德高尚的一方Wewerethecountrythatfinallywasvirtuous,而且国力强大inadditiontobeingpowerful.每位美国人都应该欣然接受这种描述EverybodyinAmericawassupposedtoembracethissinglenarrative.我们也就必然会受到一股敌对邪恶势力的威胁Anditwaslogicalthatwewouldthenbethreatenedbyahostile,他们只想要毁灭和虚无主义evilforcethatwantednothingbutdestructionandnihilism.冷战是历史上第一场TheColdWarwasthefirstwarinhistory有可能以世界末日结束的战争thatheldthepossibilityofendinginapocalypse.这就是它与众不同的地方That'swhatmadeitdifferent.也是它具有心理威慑的原因Andthat'swhatmadeitsopsychologicallythreatening.如果出现差错那可不是会导致一千人死亡Ifyougotitwrong,weweren'ttalkingaboutthelossofathousandpeople.也不是会导致一万人死亡Weweren'ttalkingaboutthelossof,Godforbid,10,000people.而是可能导致数百万人死亡Weweretalkingaboutthepotentiallossofmillionsofpeople,甚至十亿人死亡perhapsabillionpeople.这种可怕的程度在政♥治♥家的权力范围内ThatwasascaleOfawfulnessthatwasneverbefore是前所未有的withinthepowerofstatesmen.为什么呢?因为核武器Whywasitthere?Becauseofnuclearweapons.(亚利桑那州图森市郊外)核武器的出现助长了冷战ThearrivalofnuclearweaponsiswhathelpstheColdWartoplayout.二者是无法分开的Theycan'tbedisentangledfromoneanother.(警告美国空军基地)何时使用核武器的问题Thequestionofwhentousenuclearweapons一直困扰着每一个拥有核武器的国家hasalwayshauntedeverycountrythathasthem.我不确定如果没有核武器还会不会有冷战mnotsurethattherewouldbeaColdWarwithoutnuclearweapons.在核武器的历史上Overthehistoryofnuclearweapons,我们曾无数次接近灾难we,vegottenveryclosetocatastrophenumeroustimes.我们能幸存不是因为我们聪明Wesurvivedthatnotbecauseweweresmart.而是因为我们很幸运Itwasbecausewewerelucky.据说爱因斯坦说过Einsteinsupposedlysaid,“我不知道第三次世界大战会用什么武器"IknownotwithwhatweaponsWorldWarIIIwillbefought,但第四次世界大战会用棍棒和石头”butWorldWarIVwillbefoughtwithsticksandstones.*这就是我们生活的核世界So,that'sthenuclearworldwelivein.一旦人类不再视他人为人类Oncehumansstopseeingotherhumansashuman,最可怕的行为就有可能发生themosthorrificactsarepossible.在我看来有证据表明我们认为已经学到的教训Thereseemstometobeevidencethatlessonsthatwethoughtwerelearned其实并没有学到werenotlearned,历史不是历史我们正处F一段持续的浪潮之中andthathistoryisnothistory,butWeareinanongoingtide.(1938年)核裂变分♥裂♥重元素Nuclearfission,splittingheavyelements,是1938年圣诞节期间在纳粹德国wasdiscoveredjustatChristmastimein1938inNaziGermany,柏林Berlin,被两位化学家和一位物理学家发现的bytwo,curiously,chemistsandaphysicist.他们当时正在试验Andtheywereexperimentingwithbombardingasolution用一种叫做中子的亚原子粒子轰击硝酸铀溶液Ofuraniumnitratewithaparticularkindofsubatomicparticle,calledaneutron.当一个中子进入铀核时Whenaneutronenterstheuraniumnucleus,就好像月球撞击地球一样it,sratherasiftheMoonhittheEarth.即使中子只是在正常室温下飞行Evenifit'sjustflyingatnormalroomtemperature,当它进入时也会发生剧烈变化whenitgoesin,everythinggoescrazy.(B92IB141)一个原子的一次裂变所产生的能量It'ssufficientenergyfromonefissionofoneatom足以使一粒沙子明显地跳跃tomakeagrainofsandvisiblyjump.能量巨大It,senormous.用物理术语来说这是强放热反应It'sveryexothermic,inphysicsterms.以很少的投入输出大量的能量Putsoutalotofenergyforverylittleinput德国科学家在英国自然杂♥志♥上发表了一篇论文GermanscientistspublishedapaperinaBritishjournal.Nature.某一天醒来整个世界都看到了Andthewholeworldwokeuponeday纽♥约♥时♥报♥和伦敦报纸的头条新闻toheadlinesintheNewYorkTimesandtheLondonpapers.他们分♥裂♥了原子!Theysplittheatom!(五百万伏特的机器)美国历史上最杰出的科学家之一罗伯特奥本海默OneofthemorebrilliantscientistsinAmericanhistory,RobertOppenheimer,开始思考:”这种惊人反应产生的能量startedthinking,"Well,whatcanyoudowiththeenergy我们可以用来做什么呢?”thatcomesoutofthisamazingreaction?"不到一个星期他就在黑板上画出了一幅原♥子♥弹♥图画Withinaweek,hehadadrawingontheblackboardofanatomicbomb.如果能让这个反应引起另一个反应Ifyoucouldgetthisreactiontocauseanotherreaction再引起另一个反应andanotherreaction,andanotherreaction,直到80代untilyouhadlike80generations,那就可以炸毁一座城市youcouldblowupacity.奥本海默立刻意识到了这一点Oppenheimersawthatimmediately.几平所有物理学家都意识到了Almostallthephysicistsdid.历史赋予我们很多怪物Historyprovidesuswithacastofmonsters.希♥特♥勒♥是独一无二的Hitlerwasaone-personshow.今天我们必须清除不良分子Today,wemustremoveundesirable.(阿道夫希♥特♥勒♥纽伦堡集♥会♥).那些得到印证的坏分子.elementsproventobebad.坏分子在我们中间没有容身之地!Whatisbadhasnoplaceamongus!希♥特♥勒♥是人类有史以来最坏的人Hitlerwastheworstthatmankindhadevercreated.希♥特♥勒♥将用原♥子♥弹♥为他的千年帝国TheideathatHitlerwouldhavehisThousand-YearReich提供动力的想法吓坏了人们poweredwithatomicbombsterrifiedpeople.尤其是对那些ParticularlythosewhowereJewish从已经开始的大屠♥杀♥中逃出来的犹太人andhadescapedwhatwasalreadybeginningtobetheHolocaust.当然当时美国还没有参战And,ofcourse,theUnitedStateswasnotyetatwar.我国将保持中立Thisnationwillremainaneutralnation.(美国总统1933-1945)当时世界上最著名的科学家阿尔伯特爱因斯坦AlbertEinstein,themostfamousscientistintheworldatthetime,起草了一封信draftedaletter署名爱因斯坦寄给了罗斯福总统thatwouldgounderEinstein,ssignaturetoPresidentRoosevelt.这封信旨在表达我们相信在相对较短的时间内Essentially,thelettersaidthatwebelieveitwillbepossible,inarelativelyshorttime,制♥造♥出极具破坏性的武器是有可能的tobuildweaponsofremarkabledestructiveness,我们希望您意识到这一点andwewantyoutobeawareofthat并采取行动以便我们西方世界首先拥有这种武器andtotakeactionsothatwe,theWesternworld,havethisweaponfirst.恐惧来自纳粹的原子武器计划ThefearisaNaziatomicweaponsprogram.人们感觉这是一场与柏林的竞赛AndthesenseisthatthisisaracewithBerlin.英国科学家加拿大科学家美国科学家Britishscientists,Canadianscientists,andAmericanscientists,他们都相信聪明的德国物理学家theyareconvincedthatsmartphysicistsinGermany正试图给阿道夫希♥特♥勒♥aretryingtogiveAdolfHitlertheultimateweapon提供赢得征服战争的终极武器towinhiswarofconquest.第二次世界大战在欧洲爆发时WhenWorldWarIIstartedinEurope,约瑟夫斯大林是苏联的领导人JosephStaIinwastheleaderoftheSovietUnion,彼时苏联和纳粹是盟友andtheSovietsandtheNaziswereallies.希♥特♥勒♥-斯大林条约导致东欧被瓜分TheHitler-StalinpactresultedinacarvingupofEasternEurope.苏联得到波罗的海诸国TheSovietsgainedtheBalticStates.以及波兰东部TheyalsogainedtheeasternpartofPoland.还有罗马尼亚的一部分AndtheyalsogainedapieceofRomania.他们对希♥特♥勒♥的误解TheymisunderstoodHitler不亚于西方民♥主♥国家对他的误解asmuchastheWesterndemocraciesmisunderstoodHitler.(德国入侵俄♥国♥1941年6月)1941年希♥特♥勒♥入侵苏联In1941,HitlerbetrayshisnewSovietallies背叛了他的新盟友byinvadingtheSovietUnion.战争初期纳粹似乎会打败苏联Initially,itlookedliketheNaziswouldbeattheSoviets.苏联人被打了一个措手不及TheSovietswerecaughtbysurprise.斯大林甚至好几天都不敢向公众Stalinactuallycan'tevenbringhimselftotalkpublicly发表公开讲话totheSovietpeoplefordays.他对自己信任柏林的愚蠢战略感到十分懊恼HeissodistraughtathisownstrategicstupidityoftrustingBerlin.战争不仅发生在欧洲AndthewarwasnotonlywhatwashappeninginEurope,也发生在亚洲butalsowhatwashappeninginAsia.日本人想在亚洲建立帝国TheJapanesesoughtempireinAsia.日本想控制中国ItwantedtocontrolChina.他们最终想控制东南亚TheyultimatelywouldcontrolSoutheastAsia.他们想控制菲律宾TheywouldcontrolthePhilippines.他们甚至把目光投向了印度TheyevenhadtheirsightsonIndia.裕仁天♥皇♥是日本当时的领导人Hirohito,theJapaneseemperor,wastheleader.在当时的日本InJapanatthattime,天♥皇♥掌管着司法theEmperorwasthejudiciary,立法和行政legislation,andadministration,他也是日本陆军和海军的最高统帅aswellasthesupremecommanderoftheJapanesearmyandnavy.但是很多日本人相信However,manyJapanesebelieved(山田晶明治大学历史系教授)天♥皇♥的祖先可以追溯到神明thattheEmperor'sancestorscouldbetracedbacktoagod.1940年日本与柏林和罗马结盟In1940,theJapaneseenteredanalliancewithBerlinandRome.美国人错误地认为TheAmericansmistakenlyassumed日本人永远不会袭击美国的领土thattheJapanesewouldneverattackaterritoryoftheUnitedStates.曼哈顿计划是旨在制♥造♥首批原♥子♥弹♥的计划SomeofthecommitteethatwasgoingtoplantheManhattanProject,一些负责策划该计划的委员会成员theprogramtobuildthefirstbombs,于1941年12月6日在华盛顿召开会议metonDecember6th,1941inWashington,结果第二天早上醒来时就得知了珍珠港事件andwokeupthenextmorningtoPearlHarbor.(1941年12月7日夏威夷火奴鲁鲁)珍珠港事件使美国卷入战争IttookPearlHarbortobringAmericaintothewar.昨天1941年12月7日Yesterday,December7th,1941.这一天将成为.adatewhichwilllive.(富兰克林D罗斯福1941年12月8日).永远的国耻日.ininfamy.美♥利♥坚♥合众国theUnitedStatesofAmerica被突然蓄意袭击wassuddenlyanddeliberatelyattacked.无论我们需要多长时间Nomatterhowlongitmaytakeus才能打赢这场有预谋的入侵toovercomethispremeditatedinvasion,美国人♥民♥都将以他们IE义的力量theAmericanpeopleintheirrighteousmight赢得绝对的胜利willwinthroughtoabsolutevictory.二战期间我们基本是面对轴心国DuringWorldWarIIwebasicallyhavetheAxispowers,纳粹德国意大利日本whichareNaziGermany,Italy,andJapan.而盟国阵营AndtheAllies.是美国英国苏联.beingtheUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,andtheSovietUnion.美国确实有通过提供武器向苏联提供帮助TheUnitedStatesdidassisttheSovietUnionbygivingthemweapons.(美国制♥造♥)也在一定程度上协调过军事行动Bycoordinatingtoacertainextentonmilitarycampaigns.但有一件事是美国不愿意做的ButtheonethingtheUnitedStateswasnotgoingtodo那就是与苏联分享自己的科学秘密wastoshareitsscientificsecretswiththeSovietUnion,尤其是在曼哈顿计划方面particularlywhenitcametotheManhattanProject.1942年军队接管了曼哈顿计划TheArmytakesovertheManhattanProjectin1942.就在那时迪克格罗夫斯将军被选为曼哈顿计划的负责人That'swhenGeneralDickGroveswaschosentoruntheManhattanProject.(战争部)我必须努力Imustendeavortoconductthisprogram以符合美国最大利益的方式来执行这项计划insuchawayastoservethebestinterestsoftheUnitedStates.格罗夫斯是一名军事工程师Groveswasamilitaryengineer.在曼哈顿计划之前BeforetheManhattanProject,他负责保障了五角大楼的建设hehadbeeninchargeofmakingsurethePentagongotconstructed.所以他知道如何开展大型项目Soheknewhowtodobigprojects.五角大楼是当时全世界最大的办公大楼Pentagonwasthelargestofficebuildingintheentireworldatthetime.他的脾气很坏He'sgruff.他的二号♥人物形容他是自己效力过的最大的混♥蛋♥Hisnumber-twopersondescribedhimasthebiggestSOBhehadeverworkedfor.他非常傲慢自以为比谁都知道得多Hewasincrediblyarrogant,thoughtheknewmorethaneverybody.他正式地说:”我需要这个项目Hesays,"Ineedthisprojecttohavethenumber-onepriority成为整场战争的第一要务”oftheentirewar,"formally.这种高优先级意味着他可以得到任何他想要的资源Andwhatthishigh-levelprioritymeansishecangetanyresourcehewants.他可以得到任何他想要的科学家或人员Hecangetanyscientistorpersonhewants.他制定了一项计划Heputtogetheraprogramthateventuallyinvolved最终涉及全国各地的许多地点在那些地方铀将被分离成anumberofsitesaroundthecountrywhereuraniumwouldbeseparated一种罕见的链式反应同位素intotherareisotopethatchain-reacts.杯在华盛顿东部的巨型石墨燃料反应堆中Plutoniumwouldbebredingiantgraphitefuelreactors进行培育ineasternWashington那里有充足的冷水来保持反应堆的冷却wheretherewasplentyofcoldwatertokeepthereactorscool,而且那里离任何地方都足够远即使爆&hearts滩♥了andwhereitwasfarenoughawayfromanywherethatiftheyblewup,也不会造成人员死亡nobodywouldbekilled.当然在那里工作的人除外Exceptthepeoplewhoworkedthere,ofcourse.他组织计划实施雇用了大约60万人Heputthiswholeprogramtogetherandhiredsome600,000people.格罗夫斯看中了奥本海默选他领导这个实验电GrovessawsomethinginOppenheimerandchosehimtodirectthislaboratory.当他们在寻找设计和制♥造♥Whentheywerelookingforaplacewherethebombsthemselv