专题06名词-原卷版.docx

专题06名词“名词”是中考英语的重要考点之一，也是容易考察的词性之一。在2024年的中考中，这一部分内容的命题趋势可能会侧重考查四个名词之间的词义辨析或者名词单复数以及名词所有格形式，同时也会涉及到名词与其他词性之间的相互转换。重点掌握名词的单复数变形，词义辨析，所有格变化这三个方面的知识点。主要考查题型有单项选择、完形填空、单词拼写、短文填空等题型。解答此类试题的关键，是要分清楚大考中常考的名词有哪些，这个名词是可数还是不可数，以及所给单词由其他词性转化成名词的后缀有哪些。在完形填空的题型中，需要考生联系上下文意思去选择合适的名词进行填空。掌握好名词的考点对于中考基础题的拿分非常重要。考生需要在平时做题中进行考点的积累和运用。知识点1:名词复数形式A.单复数同形口诀：中日警察好友来聚会，鹿、羊、鱼、牛齐齐把家回Chinese,Japanese,police,people,deer,sheep,fishB.在英语名词复数中，表示某国人的名词复数有些加s,有些又不加口诀：中日不变英法变,其他S后面ChineseChineseJapaneseJapaneseFrenchman FrenchmenEnglishman -EnglishmenAmerican-AmericansGerman-GermansC.极少数单词其复数形式没有任何规律goose-geese;mouse-mice;man-men;woman-women;tooth-teeth;foot-feet,child-childrenD.另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多CIotheS衣服；ShoeS鞋子；SUnglaSSeS太阳镜；ShortS短裤；SCiSSOrS剪刀;glasses眼镜；ShearS大剪刀；trousers长裤知识点2：可数名词的数量表达A.可数名词可以借助量词来表达，of后面用名词复数,尤其是成双成对的名词复数。如：apairofglassesthreepairsoftrousersapairofscissorsapairoftrousersapairofglassesapairofsocksapairofglovesapairofshoes如：Thereisaboxofapplesinthecar.Therearefourpairsofshoesunderthebed.B.可数名词可以借助some,any,alotof,many等词来修饰。如：someapples,manypeople,alotofbooks等等。知识点3,常考不可数名词A.常用的不可数名词分类：物质名词food,meat,fish,chicken,pork,beef,mutton,drink,orange,milk,tea,coke,water,rice,ice,rain,snow,wind,cloud,air,weather,information等抽象名词homework,news,maths,Chinese,English,music,inibrmation,fun,work等B.不可数名词的数量表达不可数名词可以用“数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”这样的结构来表示，量词可以是单数也可以是复数。如：一杯牛奶acupofmilk三杯咖啡IhreecupsofcoffeeTherearefivebottlesofmilk.Butthereisn'tacupoftea.可以修饰不可数名词数量的词语还有：some,any,much,alolof,little,alittle等C.不可数名词的不确切数量的表达方式当表示不可数名词各种大概、不确切的数量时，可运用下列单词或短语。单词/短语意义单词/短语意义not(any)no没有aIotof（修饰可数和不可数名词）许多little/alittle几乎没有/一点儿IOtSOf（修饰可数和不可数名词）some一些plentyof（修饰可数和不可数名词）most大部分much（修饰不可数名词）all全部agreatdealof（修饰不可数名词）知识点4：复合名词A.以两个名词构成的复合名词变复数时，只变后面的名词为复数。但也有例外，比如说clothesshop（服装店）、sportsshop（体育用品店）。Therearesomany.A.appletreeB.appletreesC.applestreesD.applestreeB.woman/man单复数的变化随着后面名词的单复数变化而变化。Thereare200teachersand100teachersinourschool.A.woman,manB.women,menC.womans,manD.women,s,men知识点5,名词的所有格名词的所有格常用以下两种方式表达,在一些名词之后加，S“of+名词”结构。前者多用来表示有生命物的名词所有格，后者多用来表示无生命物的名词所有格。（1）表示有生命物的名词的所有格表示有生命物的名词的所有格，用加'S结构来表示所有关系。S的读音和名词复数加S的读音基本相同。A.单数名词词尾加，s,复数名词词尾如没有s,也要加1.inda'shome琳达的家Tom'scap汤姆的帽子Mary,snose玛丽的鼻子B.名词已有复数词尾s,词尾只加，即可。一个人的一件东西多个人的多件东西theboy,sjacket男孩的夹克theboys,jackets男孩们的夹克myparent,scar我父亲/母亲的车myparents,cars我父母的车myboss,shat我老板的帽子mybosses,hats我老板们的帽子thewoman'sdress妇女的衣服thewomen'sdresses妇女们的衣服thechild'stoy孩子的玩具thechildren'stoys孩子们的玩具Students' Union 学生会the teachers, reading-room 教师阅览室必背：the workers' struggle 工人们的斗争(2)表示无生命物的名词的所有格A.表示无生命物的所有关系多用“of+名词”结构。thetitleofthenovel小说的名字windowofthehouse房子的窗户theendoftheroad路的尽头subjectofthesentence句子的主语B.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命物的名词，也可以加太来构成所有格。onemonth'sacation一个月的假期tenminutes,walk十分钟的步行路程NewYork,spopulation纽约的人口C.有时飞结构可以转换成“。f+名词”结构以示强调。thegirl,sskirt=theskirtofthegirl女孩的裙子myuncle,stractor=thetractorofmyuncle我叔叔的拖拉机重难通关练一、单项选择题1. (2023江苏南京中考真题)8.TherearefourwaystotravelfromLondontoAmsterdamandthebestistakingaplanebecausethejourneytakesonlyfourhours.A.choiceB. subjectC.questionD.purpose2. （2023江苏常州中考真题）6.AftershewasbroughtbacktoChina,thesickgian（pandaYaYareceivedgoodinhernewhomeandgotbetter.A.educationB.communicationC.entertainmentD.treatment3. （2023江苏南通中考真题）8.areeasilymade,butnoteasilykept.一That,strue.Onceyoumakeone,besuretokeepit.A.SpeechesB.DecisionsC.PromisesD.Suggestions4. （2023江苏宿迁中考真题）4.Thegirl,sbeautifulpronunciationcaughtourinyesterday,sEnglishspeechcompetition.一Yes,manystudentscouldn'thelpcheeringforher.A.conditionB.attentionC.inventionD.position5. （2023江苏泰州中考真题）2.Goodnews!TheChinesewomentabletennisteamwonagoldandasilveragain.一Great!Nomatterwhowinsthemedals,itistheofourcountry.A.priceB.pioneerC.prideD.pain6. （2023江苏徐州中考真题）2.Ofallthe,Ilovesummerbest.A.seasonsB.subjectsC.coloursD.hobbies7. （2023江苏扬州中考真题）8.WhatplacesofinterestarethereinYangzhou?IrecommendtheSlenderWestLake.Aboattourisawonderful!A.movementB.attractionC.experienceD.research8. （2022江苏连云港中考真题）4.Thehatisnottherightforme.dlikeasmallerone.A.sizeB.styleC.colourD.material9. （2022江苏南通中考真题）11.Mr.Fangintroducesalotaboutthewhichisorganizedtohelpwildanimals.A.productB.promiseC.presentD.project10. （2022江苏扬州中考真题）6.Weyouthsdoourbestforourdreamsandtogetherasmallsuccesscangiveusasenseof.A.achievementB.departmentC.treatmentD.entertainmentrmsof.B. agreementA.achievementC.developmentD.entertainment12.（2022江苏徐州中考真题）12.FrommyonthetopoftheTVtower,Icanhaveaperfectviewofourcity.A.traditionB.conditionC.positionD.situation二、单词填空题1. （2023江苏南通中考真题）47.MybestfriendMayalwaysexercisesmoretobringherweightunder（控制）.2. （2023江苏苏州中考真题）TheShenzhouXVmission（飞行任务）crew（乘组）returnedtoEarthonJune4afterasix-monthmission.Thecrew39areFeiJunlong,DengQingmingandZhangLu.3. （2023江苏南京中考真题）44.PeoplethinkthatChineseknotscanbringthempleasureorgood（幸运）4. （2023江苏南京中考真题）49.InNanjing,itiscommontoseesenior（citizen）playingchessinthesunorenjoyingaradioshowinthepark.5. （2023江苏连云港中考真题）49.Intoday'sDIYclass,studentsmadecardsindifferent（形状）.6. （2023江苏连云港中考真题）65.PapermakingisoneofthefourgreatfromancientChina.7. （2023江苏宿迁中考真题）52.Alicelikesdancingandshedreamsofbeingaballet（舞蹈家）inthefuture.8. （2023江苏宿迁中考真题）55.WhatdoesUNICEFdoforchildreninpoorareas?Itprovidesbasic（教育）for【hem.9. （2023江苏宿迁中考真题）56.ManypeoplethinkthatHanfuisanart（形式）andoneofthemostimportantpartsofChinesenationalculture.10. （2023江苏宿迁中考真题）60.Morethan70percentoftheEarth,s（theoutsideortoppartofsomething）iscoveredwithwater.11. （2023江苏泰州中考真题）42.The（win）ofthisyear,sSpellingBeeis.Daniel!12. （2023江苏镇江中考真题）39.Withthehelpofarobot,Eddiehasno（difficult）cleaninghishouse.13. （2023江苏镇江中考真题）45.TanDunisoneofthegreatest（音乐家）intheworld.Ilikehimverymuch.14. （2023江苏扬州中考真题）51.Inthese,eachplanthasitsownstorytoIelL（花园）15. （2023江苏扬州中考真题）53.Sincehehadnomusical,hemademusicwithcommonObjeClS.（乐器）16. （2023江苏扬州中考真题）55.Nomatterhowtimeschange,theofLeiFengwillalwaysberelevant.（精神）17. （2023江苏苏州中考真题）32.Weofferedtolookafterour（邻居的）dogwhenshewasaway.18. （2022江苏宿迁中考真题）Theschoolwasabouttostart,butthose65（student）bookswerestillinatownoutsidethevillage.19. （2022江苏镇江中考真题）39.TheseUNICEF（office）wishistoimprovethelivingconditionsofthelocalchildren.20. （2022江苏镇江中考真题）41.Ofallthe（女演员）,1admireAudreyHepbummost.21. （2022江苏镇江中考真题）44.Afteraheated（讨论）,（heheadmastersfromdifferentschoolsreachedanagreement.22. （2022江苏苏州中考真题）31.Suzhouisveryattractivewithdifferentkindsofancient（桥）.23. （2022江苏苏州中考真题）34.TheTiangongspacestationisthe（骄傲）ofallChinese.24. （2022江苏连云港中考真题）51.Whose（手套）arethese?Theyaren,tmine.一They'reLucy,s.25. （2022江苏宿迁中考真题）54.Teamworkisbasedon（信任）.Weunderstandeachotherandworktogetherforthesamegoal.26. （2022江苏泰州中考真题）60.ThefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjin（长津湖）showedusmany（hero）intheWartoResistUSAggressionandAidKOrea（抗美援朝战争）.27. （2022江苏泰州中考真题）61.Withthe（develop）ofthesociety,moreandmorepeopledevotetheirenergytocharity.28. （2022江苏泰州中考真题）63.1spentone（night）timemakingavideoMeiLanfangandHisHometowntotakepartinuTellChina,sStories“competition.29. （2022江苏无锡中考真题）43.Foryourown（safe）,youshouldn'tclimbmountainsalone.30. （2022江苏盐城中考真题）59.FishinginSnow,writtenbyLiuZongyuan,isoneofmyfavourite（诗歌）.31. （2022江苏扬州中考真题）50.Workingasateammeanscelebratingandfacinglossestogether.（victory）培优争分练一、单选题1. （2023年南通市启东市中考一模英语试题）2.Exceptforplaying,mixingsongstogetherisanotherwayofexpressiontoshowloveformusic.A.instructionsB.instrumentsC.invitationsD.introductions2. （2023年苏州市工业园区中考二模英语试题）5.ThankstotheachievementsmadebyYuanLongping,ricehasbeenincreasedgreatly.A.populationB.contributionC.productionD.introduction3. （2023年无锡市惠山区省锡中中考二模英语试题）11.It'ssaidthattheelectriccarswillmakeavaluabletotheenvironment.A.directionB.contributionC.situationD.condition4. （2023年无锡市锡山区中考二模英语试题）2.Wedoourbestforourdreamsandtogetherasmallsuccesscangiveusasenseof!A.treatmentB.entertainmentC.developmentD.achievement5. （2022江苏南京市金陵中学一模）3.WeareshockedbythecrashofflightMU5735.Ourandprayersarewiththefamiliesandlovedonesofthepassengersandcrewontheflight.A.thoughtsB.themesC.therapiesD.things6. （2022江苏常州深阳中学一模）3.Ifyoudon,tknowhowtousethecofieemachine,readtheandfollowthemstepbystep.A.inventionsB.instructionsC.instrumentsD.interviews7. （2022江苏常州外国语学校模）3.Totellyouthetruth.Idon,twanttojoininthespeechcompetition.Comeon.Youneedmorepracticetobuildupyour.A.challengeB.confidenceC.instructionD.personality8. （2022江苏南通海安市、启东市中考英语模试题）10.Wecanalwaysfindsomethinggoodinabadifwelookforit.一It,ssotrue.Let'smakefulluseofwhatcomes.A.situationB.directionC.instructionD.competition9. （2022泰州市姜堰区2022年中考英语一模试题）2.Theidiom（成语）“Mengzi'smothermakesthreemovestellsofamotherwhodidallshecouldtoprovidethebestforherchild.A.experienceB.instructionC.environmentD.information二、单词拼写题1. （2023年常州市金坛区中考二模英语试题）ThiSyear,RedicisheadingofftoEuropewithsomeofhisworks.Theartistwantstosharehis47（experience）inShanghaiwiththeworld.2. （2023年淮安市开明中学集团中考二模英语试题）52.Edisonisfamousasoneofthegreatest（invent）intheworld.3. （2023年苏州市工业园区中考二模英语试题）36.（血）isthickerthanwater.4. （2023年苏州市工业园区中考二模英语试题）40.1metheratthe（诊所）.Shedidn,t伦elwellthatday.5. （2023年苏州市工业园区中考二模英语试题）Twoteacherswhoworkedforthecountry,sDepartmentofEducationarrivedtohelpoutandtwoforeignvisitorswerealsotouchedbythechildren's55（act）.Theydonatedmoneytothemtobuytextbooksandstationery.Besidesthis,theyalsofacedmany57（difficult）.Therewerenotenoughclassroomstoholdallthestudents.Andtwoorthreestudentshadtoshareonebook.6. （2023年苏州市姑苏区中考一模英语试题）33.PresidentXi,svisittoRussiaisatripoffriendshipand（和平）7. （2023年苏州市姑苏区中考一-模英语试题）Walkinginthegardens,youwillhavea43oftravellingthroughtimeandspace,asifyouwerewalkinginaChineselandscapepainting.8. （2023年苏州市姑苏区中考一模英语试题）Don,tspendtoomuchtimeonhardthinkingbecauseonly52（act）leadsyoutosuccess.9. （2023年无锡市惠山区省锡中中考二模英语试题）38.Nearly10%oftheEarth,s俵层）iscoveredbyice.10. （2023年无锡市惠山区省锡中中考二模英语试题）44.Thefreetrade（agree）werefinallyreachedduringameetingattheUN.11. （2022江苏南京市金陵中学一模）42.Thedoublereductionpolicy（双减政策）allowsstudentstohavemorefreetimetodeveloptheirown（业余爱好）andinterests.12. （2022江苏南京市金陵中学模）47.QiBaishi,afamousChinesecalligrapherandpainter,wasregardedas“thepeople's（art）”.13. （2022江苏连云港新海实验中学一模）55.The（技术）of5Ghasbeenusedinmanyfieldsofourlife.14. （2022江苏南通海安市、启东市中考英语模试题）46.Good（发音）willimpressothersandmakeyourselfconfident.15. （2022江苏南通海安市、启东市中考英语一模试题）50.WhafstheofChina?一Ithinktherewillbeover1.5billionbytheendof2030.16. （2022江苏南通海安市、启东市中考英语-模试题）52.Thekitchenprovidesa24-hourforpassengersandcanbecontactedthroughreception.17. （2022苏州市昆山、太仓、常熟、张家港市中考英语一模试题）41.Childrenshouldbetaughttorespectdifferent（文化）.18. （2022苏州市昆山、太仓、常熟、张家港市中考英语一模试题）47.Look!Thereissomebeefleft.Ifsawoffood.一Weshouldcatitup.19. （2022泰州市姜堰区2022年中考英语一，模试题）60.Withthe（develop）oftechnologythejourneytoMarsmightonlytakeabout20minutesinspacecraftinthefuture.20. （2022泰州市姜堰区2022年中考英语模试题）62.Doyouknowthesebackpacksarethose（survive）?21. （2022泰州市姜堰区2022年中考英语一模试题）67.Althoughthescientistshaveconsideredallthepossibleoutcomes,therearestillsome（possible）offailureintheexperiment.三、完形填空题1.（2023年南通市启东市中考一模英语试题）Wespendourtimeandenergychasingafterthemandatlastwemissoutonourown26.What'sevenfunnieristhatwejustputonaone-manshow,forthepeopleweseeasourOPPOnents（对手）mayknow27aboutit.The28ofsuchunhealthycompetitionisthatit,sanever-endingcycle.Therewillalwaysbesomebodyaheadofyouinonewayoranother,someonewithabetterjob,anicercar,moremoneyinthebank,etc.26.A.chancesB.coursesC.directionsD.discoveries28. A. problemB. advantageC.reasonD. challenge2. （2023江苏连云港中考真题）Theywonderedwhathappened.44Wcll,AverywasnotpickedtobeAlice,butIwas.Shewasunhappy.Maybeshewillthrowawayour15.”MyfatherSaid,"Don'tworryaboutit.Ithinkthisisa16foryoutobeanextra-goodfricnd.vOverthenextweek,ItriedmybesttogiveAverysome19.Ifyouhavesimilar25、youcouldtrytakingmyparents'advice.Giveyourfriendalittletime,spaceandunderstanding.Thismightbetheperfecttimetobeanextra-gdfriend.15.A.energyB.treasureC.friendshipD.courage16.A.gameB.chanceC.storyD.dream19.A.adviceB.spaceC.funD.trouble25.A.activitiesB.mistakesC.experiencesD.interests3. （2023江苏南通中考真题）Wasn'titawasteoftimetoreadtosomeonewhocouldn'tunderstand?Hismotherdidn'tevenrealizewhenhemade17.Still,sheinsistedhereadaloudeveryday.Buthecouldn'task.Hcrememberedthe21hc,ddrawnintheair.Jattoneededtotakehismindoffthe23.uMama,whydoyoumakemereadtoyoueventhoughyoudon'tunderstand?*'17.A.mistakesB.jokesC.effortsD.noises21.A.nutsB.bottlesC.circlesD.cows23.A.milkB.cowC.storyD.fd4. （2023江苏宿迁中考真题）Daniellookedaroundandsawasaleswomanhangingsweaters,soherantoherfor20.umlostIcan'tfindmymom."hesaid.“Justamoment,please/*thesaleswomansaidtothecustomer.uWehavealostboyhere."SheturnedtoDaniel,44Don,tworry.,shesaid,tiwill23Mr.Henson,ourstoresecurityguard（保安）.HewillhelpfindyourWhiletheywerewaitingforMr.Henson,thesaleswomangaveDanielagreenlollipop（棒棒糖）.AlthoughgreenwasDanies25,hedidnotfeellikeeatingatthemoment.Hepushedbuttonsonaspecialtelephone,thensaid,ttWillMs.AmyWilkersonpleasecometoladies,28onthesecondfloor?Yoursoniswaitingforyouhere,v20.A.helpB.moneyC.agreementD.telephone23.A.e-mailB.orderC.catchD.call25.A.styleB.favoriteC.sizeD.sign28.A.sweatersB.handbagsC.shoesD.dresses5. （2023年苏州市姑苏区中考一模英语试题）Hearingthequestion,Celineansweredwithasmile,ttEverymorning,youhavea3abouthowyouwilltreatyourwholeday.IchoosetobeChCerfiJ1.”3.A.dreamB.lookC.choiceD.decision6. （2023年无锡市惠山区省锡中中考二模英语试题）Afriendsuggestedanotherpath-16.Ihadtoyedwiththeideaofstudyingforamaster'sdegreebut17stoodinmyway.YetIfoundacourseatLondonCollegeofCommunication,gaveupmyjobandenteredmycollege.Duringthe18monthsthatfollowed,Ibegantoflourish.NotonlyhadIfoundthecouragetotakemy18forwardinanew,excitingdirection,19theself-doubtthathadfollowedmearoundlikeashadowbegantodisappeargradually.Ialsodecidedtomoveoutofhome.Livinginstudenthallswasa（n）20.Thehalllifeaddedtomysenseofindependenceand,withit,confidence.IamnowaprofessorofthesamecoursethatItook.Ilookbackontheperson1wasbeforeandsmile-shedidn'tyetknowher24.16.A.vocationB.nominationC.educationD.location17.A.self-doubtB.familyCJobD.experience18.A.knowledgeB.interestC.beliefD.life20.A.problemB.experienceC.messD.failure24.A.worthB.decisionC.dutyD.career7. （2023江苏泰州中考真题）Maybeyouwillsayhecanhavesomeotherpeopletakecareofhis11.Indeed,hehassisters.44Withmymothersitting16inclass,Iwasabletopaymoreattentiontoteaching/'Huadded.Butstill,therearemanydifferentvoic