专题05形容词和副词-原卷版.docx

专题05形容词和副词“形容词和副词''是中考英语的重要考点之一，也是名词、动词后第三个关于词性的重要考察方向。在2024年的中考中，这一部分内容的命题趋势可能会侧重考查形容词和副词的词义辨析、形容词和副词的比较级最高级、形容词和副词互相转换，同时也会涉及到形容词和副词的反义词变形。重点掌握形容词和副词的词义、搭配和变形。主要考查题型有单项选择、完形填空、词汇拼写、短文填空等题型。解答此类试题的关键，是要正确理解句意和所给选项的词义以及上下文之间的关联性。在词汇拼写题中要格外注意比较级和最高级的考察很频繁，以及形容词转化成副词或者对应的反义词形式。掌握好形容词和副词的考点对于中考基础题的拿分非常重要。考生需要在平时做题中进行考点的积累和运用。知识点1：形容词作定语的注意点1）复合形容词常作定语，单词之间用连字符连接，中间名词用单数形式。例如：afive-year-oldgirl一个五岁的女孩a1O-meter-longwall一堵10米长的墙1. 一HaveyouheardaboutZhangjiajieGlassFootbridge?一Ofcourse,it,sbuiltoveracanyonintheZhangjiajieNationalForestPark.A.300-meter-deepB.300-meters-deepC.300meterdeepD.300-metersdeep2. 一YanJiashuo,agirl,haswontheprizeofInternationalMasterofMemory.一Wow,she,sgreat,isn'tshe?A.ten-year-oldB.ten-years-oldC.tenyearoldD.tenyearsold2）形容词修饰Something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后面。例如：somethingwrong一些错误的事情anythingspecial任何特殊的事情1 .Wherewouldyouliketogo?一Warmplaces!Youknow,Idon'tliketogo.A.coldsomewhereB.coldanywhereC.somewherecoldD.anywherecold2 .Thereisintoday'snewspapers.A.importantanythingB.anythingimportantC.nothingimportantD.importantnothing3)多个形容词共同修饰同一名词的排列顺序记忆口诀：大小形状和新老，颜色国籍出材料Heisveryhappybecausehehasjustboughta/ansportscar.A.expensiveJapanesenewB.expensivenewJapaneseC.newexpensiveJapaneseD.Japanesenewexpensive知识点2：形容词的特殊用法1)the+形容词表一类人：theold老年人Iheyoung年轻人therich有钱人thepoor穷人【注意】这种表达如果作主语的话，往往看作复数，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Theoldarefriendlytousandtheyoungshouldbepolitetothem.老年人对我们很友好，我们年轻人应该对他们要有礼貌。2)形容词位于系动词后，构成主系表结构常见的系动词有：感官动词5个(SOuiIdlooksmelltastefeel)保持系动词3个(keepremainStay)似乎系动词1个(seem)变化系动词5个(go,get,grow,become,turn)例如：Thedishtastesgreat.Thegirlremainssilentintheroom.Theleavesturnyellowintheautumn.知识点3：形容词副词的比较级和最高级及其变化规则(1)英语中的形容词和副词，在句子里表示“比较”、“最”时，要用特别的形式，即：比较级和最高级。原来的形式称为原级。如：longlongerlongest原级比较级最高级1. Theblackpenisverylong.黑色的钢笔很长。2. Thebluepenislongerthantheblackone.蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。3. Theredpenisthelongestofthethree.红色的钢笔是三支中最长的。(2)比较级和最高级的构成，1. 一般情况下，比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加est：如：smallsmallersmallestshortshortcrshortest2 .在重读闭音节(即：辅音+元音+辅音)中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er,最高级加est；如：bigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest3 .以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加最高级在原级后加如：largelargerlargcstniceniccrnicest4 .以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i,比较级加er,最高级加est；如：easyeasiercasiesthcavyhcavicrheaviest5 .多数多音节词，比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most；如：beautifulmorcbcautifilmostbeautifuldiffercntmorcdiffcrcntmostdifferent6 .有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。如：goodbcttcrbestbadworseworstoldcldcrcldestmany/muchmorcmostlittlelessleastfarfirtherfarthcrfirthestfarthcsr形容词副词比较级和最高级的用法(D原级的用法:用于两者之间对比,意思为“和相同”相当于thesameas肯定句：A+动词+as+形容词/副词原级+asBTornisashonestasJack.JackrunsasfastasPeter.否定句：A+动词+notasso.+形容词/副词原级+asBThistreeisnotas/sotallasthatone.（2）比较级的用法：1）A+动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+BSusanishappierthanJane.1.ilyrunsfasterthanMary注：形容词/副词比较级前还可以用much,even,still,alittle,far,alot,abit来修饰。2）数字（倍数）+形容词/副词比较级+thanmtwoyearsolderthanyou.Ourclassroomistwicebiggerthanyours.3）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越.”Theearthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.4）the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越，就越”Themore,thebetter.越多越好。（3）最高级用法：用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the（副词最高级前则不需要），最高级前有物主代词,序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词，后面跟带in或Of表范围的短语。1）oneofthe+最高级ShanghaiisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.2）比较级句型表达最高级意义A+动词+比较级+han+anyOlher+B（单数）如：TheChangjiangRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.A+动词+比较级+han+heOther+B（复数）如：TheChangjiangRiverislongerthantheotherriversinChina.以上两句意思相当于：TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverinChina.知识点4：副词的分类及位置时间副词：today,tomorrow,yesterday,now.位置：放句尾。例：WewenttoBeijingyesterday.频率副词：USUany,always,often,never,SOmetimeS位置：be动词之后，实意动词之前。例：Heusuallygoestoschoolbybus.Tbmisalwayslate.地点副词：here,there,down,up,home.位置：经常放在动词后面，如comehere,sitdown,pickup.方式副词：SloWly,hard,fast位置：经常放在句尾，如HeWOrkSVeryhard.程度副词：very,much,too.位置：一般放在形容词或副词前面，如Weareveryhappy.疑问副词：why,what,where,when,how.位置:句首，11Wheredidyougolastweek?知识点5：形容词转化成副词1 .一般在形容词后加Iy,如：quick-quickly2 .以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词,变y为i,加Iy,如：happy-happily3 .以Ue结尾的形容词，去e加ly,11:true-truly注：有些词兼有形容词和副词的词性，如：fast,hard,high,late,far,它们的词性只有通过具体语境来判断。另外,有些以Iy结尾的词不是副词,而是形容词，如：friendly,lonely,lovely,lively,daily,weekly,monthly,yearly等。Allenalwaysbehaves,somanypeoplelikehim.A.lovelyB.politelyC.friendlyD.lively重难通关练一、单项选择题1. （2023江苏连云港中考真题）5.ThefirstNobelPrizewaspresentedtoaGermanscientistforthediscoveryofrays,whichareusedtolookforproblemsinsideourbodies.A.quietB.successfullyC.hardlyD.gently2. （2023江苏连云港中考真题）7.Lifeislikearoad.Itisn,talways.一Ican,tagreemore.Soweshouldlearntodealwithallkindsofdifficulties.A.smoothB.silentC.seriousD.special3. （2023江苏宿迁中考真题）5.HuaHuaapandaatChengduGiantPandaBaseisbecauseofhercutelooks.A.popularB.publicC.properD.private4. （2023江苏扬州中考真题）11.Ilikeyourteapot.Ithasaveryfunnybutinterestingshape.一Thankyou.It,saworkofart,butitisalsoforteamaking.A.naturalB.practicalC.equalD.general5. （2023江苏徐州中考真题）5.Mycousinis.Heneverforgetsthethingsheneedstodo.A.energeticB.curiousC.organizedD.confident6. （2023江苏徐州中考真题）9.Mumopenedthedoorbecauseshedidn,twanttowakeupherbaby.A.angrilyB.loudlyC.quicklyD.quietly7. （2023江苏扬州中考真题）3.Slowcookingseemstoholdthetasteofthemeatmuch.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best8. （2022江苏南通中考真题）6.GOOdnews!TheChinesewomenfootballteamcamefirstinthe2022AsianCup.一Exactly.ThefinalisoneIhaveeverseen.A.alessamazingB.themostamazingC.amoreamazingD.theleastamazing9. （2022江苏无锡中考真题）3.Oh,shesmiles!Shenods!Sheunderstands!We,vegotdogintheworld.A.aclevererB.thecleverestC.ashyerD.theshyest10. （2022江苏徐州中考真题）3.Todayismuchthanyesterday.Nice!A.coolB.coolerC.coolestD.thecoolest11. （2022江苏扬州中考真题）9.It,softheboytoleavethetaprunning.A.endlessB.homelessC.meaninglessD.careless12. （2023江苏无锡中考真题）5.一Thankgoodness!Thevirusisgone.一Well,it,stosaythat.You'dbetterstillwearamaskinpublic.A.toolateB.lateenoughC.tooearlyD.earlyenough13. （2022江苏宿迁中考真题）10.Amydidverywellinherreport.Sheistopayattentiontoeverydetail.A.enoughcarefulB.carefulenoughC.enoughcarelessD.carelessenough二、单词填空题1. （2023江苏连云港中考真题）46.Afterfouryearsofcollegeeducation,moreandmoreyoungmenreturntoNantongtohelpwiththe（当地的）development.2. （2023江苏连云港中考真题）49.Wewere（atlast）inagreementyesterday.So,we,llgotoXi,anforastudytrip.3. （2023江苏南通中考真题）53.Somestudentslosemarkssimplybecausetheydon,treadquestions.4. （2023江苏苏州中考真题）33.Ourcountryhasa（骄傲的）recordofsportingachievement.5. （2023江苏苏州中考真题）Working49（free）withthesewallsandtheirmarks,Ibegantofeellikecollectingallthestoriesthatwerepaintedthere.Weatherandtimehaveturnedthese5（）（amaze）whitewallsintoChineselandscapepaintings.6. （2023江苏宿迁中考真题）DengQingmingisoneofthethreeChineseastronautscarryingoutChina,sShenzhou-15spaceshipmission.He61（final）gotthechancetogotospaceafternearly25yearsofpreparation.7. （2023江苏泰州中考真题）Andofcourse,studentsarealsoremindedtoIearnandpractiseswimming62（safe）.8. （2023江苏徐州中考真题）Thepiecestarts58（soft）,butitgetslouder,likeraingetting59（heavy）.9. （2023江苏镇江中考真题）38.Inthefolkstory,theamazingwhitesnakeis（lucky）savedbyayoungman.10. （2023江苏镇江中考真题）40.Theweeklylunchmenuforstudentsisputontheschoolwebsiteata（fix）time.11. （2023江苏扬州中考真题）46.Followtheselips,andyoucanenjoyyoursummer.（safe）12. （2022江苏苏州中考真题）35.It,snecessaryforteenagerstoIeamhowtospendtheirpocketmoney（明智地）.13. （2022江苏泰州中考真题）62.AUdiobOokS（有声读物）aresowelcomethatthenumberofthelistenersisincreasing（rapid）.14. （2022江苏泰州中考真题）42.Jerrystudiedmanylanguages（simple）forpleasure.15. （2022江苏盐城中考真题）64.TheMiludeerlive（comfortable）andfreelyinDafengNatureReserve.16. （2022江苏镇江中考真题）40.ThemachinewasrepairedlastSaturday.Nowitisrunning（smooth）.17.（2023.江苏常州中考真题）人1110118them,44（famous）oneisaboutQuYuan,awell-knownscholarinancientChina.18. （2023江苏连云港中考真题）57.TheYellowRiverisChina,ssecondriveraftertheYangtze.19. （2023江苏连云港中考真题）50.The（努力）youpractise,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.20. （2023江苏苏州中考真题）Itwasthe42momentofmylifetoknowthatIcouldbeinthemission.,Zhangsaid,ttWewillgobacktotrainingassoonaspossible.21. （2023江苏无锡中考真题）43.TheChangjiangDellaisavery（wealth）areainChina.22. （2023江苏无锡中考真题）44.Somepeopledon,tlikethefruit（simple）becauseofsmell.23. （2023江苏徐州中考真题）Thepiecestarts58（soft）,butitgetslouder,likeraingetting59（heavy）.24. （2023江苏镇江中考真题）37. Ofall the vegetables, I think tomato is the（tasty） and healthiest.25. （2023江苏扬州中考真题）49. We students now usethrowaway products than before, （few）26. （2022江苏苏州中考真题）33. Asking questions is one of the（最容易的）ways to lead you toactive learning.27. （2022江苏苏州中考真题）The wall is where winds are the 47 （strong） and rain is the heaviest.28. （2022江苏泰州中考真题）44. Jim is no（long） afraid of making new friends at school now.29. （2023江苏徐州中考真题）ThismadeChopin56（happy）.Heinsistedthatheneverpaidattentiontothosesoundsor57（copy）them.30. （2022江苏扬州中考真题）49.Afteranight,srain,themountainsaremuchgreenerandtheairismuch.（fresh）31. （2022江苏镇江中考真题）42.Inmyfamily,dadisthestrongest,mumisthe（苗条的）andIamthecutest.32. （2023江苏连云港中考真题）47.Itis（有意义的）todoasurveyonhowtogogreeninthecommunity.33. （2023江苏无锡中考真题）41.Thesingerwasalmost（不知名的）inthiscountryuntilrecently.34. （2022江苏连云港中考真题）55.ChecktheanswerontheInternetifyouare（不确定）aboulit.35. （2022江苏连云港中考真题）51.Don,teattoomuchintheevening,oryouwillfeelwhensleeping.36. （2022江苏镇江中考真题）38.Eddie,lookatyour（tidy）room.You,dbetterkeepeverythinginorder.培优争分练一、单选题1. （2023年南通市启东市中考一模英语试题）6.Didyouhaveagdsleeplastnight,Eric?Yes,Ihaveneverslept.Nowvegotafreshmindagain.A.betterB.bestC.worseD.worst2. （2023年苏州市工业园区中考二模英语试题）2.JoggingisthanmanysportsIostartJustgetsomecomfortablesportsclothesandgoodrunningshoes.A. easyB. easierC. more easilyD. the easiest3. （2023年苏州市工业园区中考二模英语试题）4.Thiskindofbirdisnowseeninourcitybecausetheenvironmenthereisbecomingworseandworse.A.commonlyB.alwaysC.seldomD.easily4. （2023年无锡市惠山区省锡中中考二模英语试题）6.Look!There,sanislandoverthere.一Yes.It,stoofarawayfromtheland.Ithinkitmustbevisitedbyships.A.oftenB.usuallyC.seldomD.always5. （2023年无锡市锡山区中考二模英语试题）5.Guesswhat?minthe26thWuxiSchoolStudents'SpokenEnglishFinals!Wow!That,snewsI,veheardthisterm,Boris!Let,scelebrate.A.aworseB.theworstC.abetterD.thebest6. （2023年无锡市锡山区中考二模英语试题）10.Howlongcanthissweepingrobotlast?Ifyouuseit,itmayworkforyouforquiteafewyears.A.properlyB.completelyC.smoothlyD.widely7. （2022江苏镇江一模）10.Thefilm“TheBattleatLakeChangjin,'tellsthestoryoftheChinesePeople'sVolunteersfightinginawaratLakeChangjin.Theyshowedgreatcourageinfrontofenemies.A.properlyB.carelesslyC.bravelyD.peacefully8. （2022江苏无锡市滨湖区一模）4.PeopleinBeijingweretoseetheOlympicholyfirepassingthrough（hecity.A.enoughluckyB.looluckyC.luckyenoughD.loounlucky9. （2022江苏无锡市滨湖区一模）6.一He,sfromSichuan,butnowhehasasweettooth.一Oh,histastehasbeenchangedsincehecametoWuxi.A.hardlyB.properlyC.nearlyD.completely10. （2022江苏无锡市滨湖区一模）ILThepizzaverygood.CanItakeapiece?一Ofcourse.Hereyougo.A.feelsB.tastesC.soundsD.smells11. （2022江苏苏州市吴中、吴江、相城区2022年中考英语一模试题）5.Theteacherwantsthechildrentofeelaboutaskingquestionswhentheydon,tunderstand.A.practicalB.organizedC.confidentD.energetic二、单词拼写题1. （2023年苏州市工业园区中考二模英语试题）38.Weshouldeatmore（新鲜的）Vegelablesandfruil.They'regoodforourhealth.2. （2023年苏州市工业园区中考二模英语试题）39.Smokingcan（严重地）damageyourhealth.3. （2023年淮安市开明中学集团中考二模英语试题）53.Scientiststhinkitis（mean）forhumanstoexploretheouterspace.4. （2023年苏州市姑苏区中考一模英语试题）34.FacedwiththeCOVID-19pandemic,peopleareincreasingly（知道）ofthefactthatnocountrycouldcompletelyseparateitselffromotherstoday.5. （2023年苏州市姑苏区中考一模英语试题）35.Plantingtreesisan（容易）andmorerewardingwaytogogreen.（2023年苏州J姑苏区中考一-模英语试题）Sincethen,itseemsthatyouarealready44（worry）aboutitbeforeyoustartdoinganything,feelingthatyouwillnotbeabletodoitwell.1.eamtoworkhardtodoeverythingwell.Don'tkillwhatyouwanttodoatthebeginning.Pleasebebravetodoit.The50（bad）resultisfailureandthatdoesn'tpreventyoufrom51（start）alloveragain.Aslongasyouworkhard,youwillsucceed53（final）.Atleastyouhavereallyworkedhard.6. （2023年无锡市惠山区省锡中中考二模英语试题）41.Shewasstillonlyhalf（醒着的）whenIbroughlheracupofcoffee.7. （2023年无锡市惠山区省锡中中考二模英语试题）42.Breathing（heavy）,Istoppedandsatdowntorest.8. （2023年无锡市惠山区省锡中中考二模英语试题）43.Ivanhasa（live）mindineverythingthanhisplaymates.9. （2022江苏镇江一模）37.Everyonemustkeeplearninginthis（rapid）changingworld.10. （2022江苏镇江-模）39.Becarefultodriveyourcar!It,seven（foggy）todaythanyesterday.11. （2022江苏镇江一模）40.Itis（polite）tosaynothingwhenyourteacherasksyouaquestion.12. （2022江苏扬州树人学校一模）46.Theseatsaredesignedforthedisabled,（special）13. （2022江苏扬州树人学校模）49.1hopeitwillbemydaytomorrowbecausewewillhaveatest.（luck）14. （2022江苏无锡市滨湖区i模）40.TheLihu（中央的）ParkprovidesWuxicitizenswithagoodplacetorelax.15. （2022江苏无锡市滨湖区一模）41.Mind-mapsareveryusefulandare（普遍地）usedinourEnglishclass.16. （2022江苏无锡市滨湖区模）44.Youcanenjoy（hewatersportsor（simple）lieonthebeachattheseaside.17. （2022江苏苏州市吴中、吴江、相城区2022年中考英语一模试题）41.WhenIheofficehadapowercut（突然），everyonescreamed.18. （2022江苏苏州市吴中、吴江、相城区2022年中考英语一模试题）45.Thepracticeoftaichiaimstokeepthebalanceofyinandyanginthebodythroughomovements.三、翻译句子题1 .（2023年淮安市开明中学集团中考二模英语试题）57.罗宾逊步行走出了森林之后，他感到精疲力尽。Robinsonafterhegotoutoftheforest.2 .（无锡市盆园中学2022年中考英语二模试卷）61.作为班长，如果你不严于律己，就无法为他人树立好榜样。Asamonitor,ifyou,youcan,tsetagoodexampleforothers.3 .（无锡市天一实验学校2022年中考英语二模试卷）59.这次空难的原因仍然不为公众所知。Thecauseoftheplanecrashisthepublic.4 .（无锡市天一实验学校2022年中考英语二模试卷）63.我想知道他们为何如此痴迷于单板滑雪。Iwondersnowboard.