专题04动词短语和情态动词-原卷版.docx

专题04动词短语和情态动词“动词短语和情态动词”均是中考英语的重要考点，也是动词考点系列的重要考察方向。在2024年的中考中，这部分内容的命题趋势可能会侧重考查动词相似短语的词义辨析或者根据语境和用法进行情态动词之间的选择。重点掌握动词短语和情态动词的词义、辨析和用法。主要考查题型有单项选择、完形填空、短文填空等题型。解答此类试题的关键，是要学会辨析相似短语之间的中文含义，尤其是同一个动词开头的短语或者同一个介词结尾的短语。情态动词除了要知道后面需要添加动词的原形外，也要注意这个情态动词与后面题目所给的空格之间是否存在真正的联系，如果不存在直接联系，那么这对考生来说也属于一种陷阱题。掌握好动词短语和情态动词的考点对于中考基础题的拿分非常重要。考生需要在平时做题中进行考点的积累和运用。重难诠释-1J-*知识点I：动词短语常考点1. break系列breakdown有故障，出毛病,breakOfT暂停,中断breakinto破门而入breakout爆发breakup分手；关系破裂2. call系列CaHfor需要，要求callonsb.拜访或呼吁某人callonsbtodosth.呼吁某人做某事3. come系列comeout出版cometrue实现，梦想成真COmeOn快点；加油；得了吧comeback回来comefrom来自，源自4. cut系列cutdown砍倒，削减cutup切碎cutoff割断;切断;断绝cutin插嘴；超车；插入cutintopieces切成碎片cutinonsb打断某人说话cutout剪出来5. die系列dieof死于（疾病，饥饿，寒冷，情感原因）diefrom死于（外界原因）6. fall系列fallbehind落后falldown掉下，跌倒fallinto落入；陷入falloff从掉下fallinlovewith爱上某人fallbehind落后fallover摔倒fallasleep睡着7. go系列goalong沿着走gothrough通过，经受goover复习，检查goby时间过去goOn(With)继续进行gobeyond超过8. get系列geton进展；上车getoff下车getaway逃跑getalongwith进展,相处getup起床getinto(trouble)陷入困境中getto到达9. Give系列giveaway赠送；泄露giveout发出，分发giveup放弃10. Hand系列handin上交，提交handOUt分发;发放ILhOkl系列holdon继续，坚持holdon别挂电话12. keep系列keepupwith品艮上keepawayfrom避开，不接近，ke叩On继续，坚持下来13. knock系列knockat/on敲knockintosb.撞到某人身上knockdown撞倒knockover撞翻14. look系列lookup查找lookthrough浏览lookafter照顾lookat看lookfor寻找lookout当心=watchout当心lookforwardto+doingsth.盼望/期待做某事（to为介词）15. make系列makeup编造，打扮，组成bemadeof由材料制成（看的出来）bemadefrom由材料制成（看不出来）bemadeupof由组成16. pass系列passby经过passdown传递下去,传承下去17. pickPiCkUP拾起，用车接人PiCkOUt挑选，辨认，看出18. put系列PUtUP张贴，举起，搭建putout扑灭PiItaWay放好,收好PlItdoWll记下,放下PUtOn穿戴，戴上，上映，增加体重19. run系列FUnafter追逐，追捕runaway逃跑runoutof用完=runout=useup20. set系列setUP建立setoff燃放=Ietoff21. taketakeoff脱掉，起飞takeaway拿走takeup开始从事，占用（时间，空间）takepridein以为自豪takeplace发生，举行22. think系列thinkof想起，对看法thinkUP想出thinkabout考虑thinkover仔细考虑23. turn系列turnoff关闭turnOn打开turnto翻到，转向，求助turndown音量调小，拒绝turnround转过身来turnup音量调大,向上翻，出现turnover翻过来24.1earnlearnabout获悉，得知，认识到learnfrom从/向学习25. fight系列fightfor.争取获得.fightagainst争取克服、战胜fightWith与搏斗/战斗26. dream系列dreamOf梦想,想橡dreamabout梦到27. work系列workfor为工作workout计算出；解决workas担任，以身份而工作28. complain系列complaintosb.向某人抱怨complainaboutsth.抱怨29. hearhearof听说，得知的话hearabout听到.的事，听到.hearfrom接到的信30. live系列livein住在liveon以为主食，靠生活31. stand系列standout突显，引人注目standup起立，站起来standfor代表32. 其它常用词组wakeup醒，唤醒，弄醒stayup不睡觉；熬夜dependOn依靠；取决于worryabout为担忧laughat嘲笑beginwith以开始growup成长openup打开，张开；开发askfor要求waitfor等待agreewith同意findout（经研究或询问）弄清楚某事sendOUt放出,射出searchfor搜索，搜查happento发生在belongto属于arrivein/at到达tryon试穿VotefOr给.进行投票leavefor离开前往sellout卖完、售完showoff炫耀separatefrom分离，把和分开知识点2*情态动词can和could1、can表示能力例：IcanspeakalittleJapanese.（我会说-一点儿日语。）Shecouldn,tspeakChinesewhenshecametoourschoollastmonth.（上月她来我校时还不会说中文。）【注意】beableto代替can,也可以表示能力。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时（COiIId）,而beableto则有更多的时态形式。YouWinbeabletotalkwiththeforeignteacherinEnglishnextweek.下星期你将能与外国老师用英语交谈了。2、Can表示允许，准许，这时Can与may可以互换例：一Can/MayIborrowyourbiketomorrow?明天我可以借你的自行车吗？一Yes,ofcourse.Youcan/mayusemybiketomorrow.当然可以。明天你可以用我的自行车。YoUcan'tsmokehere.你不可以在这儿抽烟。3、Can表示客观可能性，用在否定句和疑问句中表示猜测。例：HeCannOt/can'tbethere.他不可能在那儿。Canthisnewsbetrue?这消息可能真实吗？4、CoUId是Can的过去式，在口语中经常代替can,表示非常委婉的请求。这时CoUld和Can没有时间上的差别。例：CoUld/Canyoutellmeifhewillgotomorrow?你能告诉我他明天是否去吗？COUId/CanIaskyousomethingifyouarenotbusy?如果您不太忙，我能否问您一些事情？CoUId/Canyoushowmethewaytothenearesthospital?您能给我指下去最近的医院的路吗？may和might1、may表示“准许”和“许可”，这时可与Can替换。例：-May(Can)Iuseyourdictionaryforamoment?我可以借你的字典用一下吗？Yes,youcan.好的。MayItakethesemagazinesoutofthereadingroom?我可以把这些杂志带出阅览室吗？一No,youmustn,t.不，不行。【注意】在用may提问时，肯定回答用may或can；否定回答常用Calftmustft表示“不行”、“不可以”,也可以用hadbetternot表示“最好不”。例1：-MayIgonow?我可以走了吗？No,youmustn't.不，不可以。例2：MayIsmokehere?我可以在这儿抽烟吗？Yes,youmay./Yes,youcan.请抽吧。No,youcan't./No,youmustn't./No,you'dbetternot.请不要抽烟。2、may表示说话人的猜测，认为某事“可能”发生，常用于肯定句。例如：例：一Where'sJohn?约翰在哪儿？Hemaybeatthelibrary.他可能在图书馆。【注意】maybe是情态动词may加be(构成谓语动词),一般放于句中。maybe是副词，解释为“或许”,一般放于句首。例：Hemaybeathome.他可能在家。MaybeheiSathome.或许他在家。3、might除表示may的过去式外，在口语中还常代替may,表示非常委婉的请示或实现的可能性较小。这时might和may没有时间上的差异。例：Might(May)Ispeaktoyouforafewminutes?我现在可以与你谈几分钟话吗？Mightlhaveaphotoofyourfamily?我可以要一张你们的合家照吗？must和haveto1、must表示说话人的主观意志，表示义务、命令或必要、应当和必须等。现在式与过去式同形。否定句中用mustn't表示禁止。例：Imustgotoschooltoday.今天我必须上学去。HetoldmeImustn'tleaveuntilmymothercame.他告诉我，在我母亲回来之前我不许离开。2、must表示推测，“一定是“、“准是"，一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句中,般用can,否定句中CaIVt表示“不可能”。例：Theymustbeverytired.Letthemhavearest.他们一定是非常疲劳了。让他们休息一会儿吧。JaCkdoesn'tlookwell.Hemustbeill.杰克看上去气色不太好。他一定是病了。Thatcan'tbetheonlywaytosolvetheproblem.那不可能是解决问题的唯一办法。Jane'slightison.Shemustbeathome.Shecan,tbeout.简的房间里开着灯。她一定在家，不会出去的。3、以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must；否定回答则常用neednt意为“不需要，不必”，相当于don'thaveto.例：MUStIfinishtheworktoday?Yes,youmust./No,youncedn,t(don,thaveto).4、must和haveto意思都是“必须”，常可以互换使用。但havet。用于强调客观需要，意为“必须，不得不”；must用于表示主观意愿，意为“必须”。例：We'HhavetoaskZhangHonginstead.我们必须去请张红代替了。Wemustworkhardatschool.我们在学校必须努力学习。needneed作情态动词时，一般用于否定句或疑问句，无形态变化。例：YOUneedn'tdoitagain.你不需要再做了。Needhedothishomeworkfirst?他需要先做这些作业吗？【注意】"nee<还可作为实义动词，通常用法是：人+need+tod。(某人需要做某事)物+need+doing=物+need÷tobedone(某物需要被)“Ilee(T后还可以直接跟名词否定形式需用助动词do/does/did后加not构成。例：Weneedtotellhimthetruth.我们需要告诉他真相。(2)Mycarneedsrepairing.=Mycarneedstoberepaired.我的汽车需要修理。Weneedyouradvice.我们需要你的建议。Hedoesn'tneedtodothework.他不需要做这些工作。should(shall)/hadbetter1、ShoUki作情态动词,表示“应该”、“应当”的意思。2、Shall用于第一人称，表示征求意见、询问，用于第二、三人称时，表示警告、命令、允诺等。3、hadbetter意为“最好.”，后接动词原形，否定形式在后面直接加not,再接动词原形。例：YoUshouldrespectyourteachers.你们应该尊敬你们的老师。Weshouldbecarefulofothers'feelings.我们应该尊重别人的感情。ShaIlwestartthemeetingatonce?我们立即开会好吗？It'slate.You,dbettergoandlookforhim.太迟了。你最好去找他。You'dbetternotreadbooksinpoorlight.你最好不要在微弱的灯光下看书。will和would1、WiH用于第二人称表示询问、请求，也可以表达现在的“意愿”。2、WOUId用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问。例：WiHyougetmesomechalk?你拿些粉笔给我好吗？WOUkiyoulikesomebananas?来点香蕉好吗？表示推测can>may和must的区别t(1)在肯定句中，常用may表示可能(2)在否定句中，若语气肯定，表示“不可能”时用Cant若语气不肯定，表示“可能不"，则用maynot。(3)must表示非常肯定的推测，语气较强；其否定为Cank重难通关练一、单项选择题情态动词1. （2023江苏常州中考真题）4.Whenyouhavefixedthistypeoflock,youtakeakeywithyou.Youcanopenthedoorwithyourfingerprint.A.shouldn'tB.needn'tC.mustn'tD.can,t2. （2023江苏连云港中考真题）4.Earthquakescanbeverydangerous.WeIeamtoprotectourselves.A.mightB.shouldC.couldD.would3. （2023江苏南通中考真题）11.IfafootballteamwantstoentertheWorldCup,itbecomeamemberofFIFAfirst.A.mayB.mustC.canD.might4. （2023江苏宿迁中考真题）6.Accordingtothetrafficrules,peopleridee-bikeswithoutwearinghelmets.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.maynotD.mightnot5. （2023江苏无锡中考真题）9.Oh,comeon!youdoubteverythingIsay?mnotathree-year-old!A.Can,tB.CanC.Mustn,tD.Must6. （2023江苏镇江中考真题）5.Thenewappaboutfashionisreallyfreeandyoupaymoneyforit.A.mayB.mustC.shouldn,tD.needn't7. （2022江苏常州中考真题）4.Toachieveourdream,werestonwhatwehavedone.A.maynotB.shouldnotC.neednotD.couldnot8. （2022江苏淮安中考真题）4.MissLi.Idon,twanttosaysorrytoDaniel.一mafraidyou.Afterall,youbrokehisglasses.A.mayB.havetoC.mustn,tD.needn't9. （2022江苏南通中考真题）13.Inthelibraryyoudraworwriteinthebooks,oryouwillbefined.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.wouldn,tD.couldn't10. （2022江苏宿迁中考真题）7.Allofusfollowthetrafficruleswhengoingout.Exactly!Safetycomesfirst.A.mightB.mustC.mayD.could11. （2022江苏无锡中考真题）5.WeshouldIeamsomebasiclifeskillssincewedependonourselvessomeday.A.canB.can,tC.mustD.mustn't12. （2022江苏盐城中考真题）6.Safetycomesfirst.Everyoneonthecoachweartheseatbelt.A.canB.can,tC.mustD.mustn't二、单项选择题一动词短语1. （2023江苏常州中考真题）7.Canyouthesignforthecommunityparty?一Sure,whereshouldIhangit?A.keepupB.takeupC.giveupD.putup2. （2023江苏南通中考真题）9.Thewindenergycostsverylittleandwillnever.Besides,itproduceslittlepollution.A.blowoutB.runoutC.putoutD.breakout3. （2023江苏宿迁中考真题）12.Theenergyfromthesunandthewindcostslittleandwillnever.A.turnoutB.putoutC.cutoutD.runout4. （2023江苏泰州中考真题）4.Mostneighboursthehabitofsquaredancingtocreateaquieterenvironmentforus.A.getintoB.careaboutC.carryonD.giveup5. （2023江苏徐州中考真题）6.1lovedthebooksomuchthatIcouldhardly.A.putitupB.putitdownC.putitonD.putitout6. （2023江苏镇江中考真题）7.Papercut-outsofdoublehappiness"areofteninthemarriedcouple,shometobringgoodwishes.A.putbackB.putupC.putonD.putoff7. （2022江苏常州中考真题）4.Toachieveourdream,werestonwhatwehavedone.A.maynotB.shouldnotC.neednotD.couldnot8. （2022江苏淮安中考真题）7.Timthepenonthefloorandhandedittohisclassmate.A.putupB.pickedupC.IkedupD.tookup9. （2022江苏连云港中考真题）11.ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendarayear24solarterms（节气）.A. divides.into.B. mixes.with.C. translates.into.D. covers.with.10. （2022江苏南通中考真题）9.IheartheDrawingClubwasinourschoollastweek.Shallwejoinit?一Goodidea.Let'sgo.A.putupB.pickedupC.takenupD.setup11. （2022江苏宿迁中考真题）11.EachofusinourgroupwantstomakefriendswithGary,becauseheismodestandnever.A.showsoffB.takesoffC.putsoffD.givesoff12. （2022江苏泰州中考真题）8.Thegovernmentiselevators（电梯）intheoldbuildingsofsomecommunitiessothatpeople,especiallytheelderlycangoupanddowneasily.A.puttingawayB.puttingoutC.puttinginD.puttingthrough13. （2022江苏徐州中考真题）7.1havethehabitoftheunknownwordsinthedictionaryorontheInternet.A.lookingupB.lookingforC.lookingatD.lkingafter14. （2022江苏盐城中考真题）12.UNICEFispa11oftheUniledNations.IlwasinEuropein1946.A.setupB.putupC.cutdownD.putdown15. （2022江苏扬州中考真题）8.Insuchcheerfulconversation,thetimealltooquickly.A.wentupB.wentdownC.wentbyD.wentback培优争分练一、单选题一动词短语1 .（2022江苏扬州中考真题）8.Insuchcheerfulconversationthetimealltooquickly.A.wentupB.wentdownC.wentbyD.wentback2 .（2022江苏南通中考真题）9.IheartheDrawingClubwasinourschoollastweek.Shallwejoinit?一Goodidea.Let'sgo.A.putupB.pickedupC.takenupD.setup3 .（2022江苏南通中考真题）10.Mrs.SmithhaslivedinChinafortwentyyears,soshehasChinesefood.A.lookedforwardtoB.gotusedtoC.madeadifferencetoD.paidattentionto4 .（2022江苏宿迁中考真题）11.EachofusinourgroupwantstomakefriendswithGary,becauseheismodestandnever.A.showsoffB.takesoffC.putsoffD.givesoff5 .（2022江苏连云港中考真题）11.ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendarayear24solarterms（节气）A.divide.intoB.mixes.withC.translates.intoD.covers.with6 .（2022江苏泰州中考真题）8.Thegovernmentiselevalors（电梯）intheoldbuildingsofsomecommunitiessothatpeople,especiallytheelderlycangoupanddowneasily.A.puttingawayB.puttingoutC.puttinginD.puttingthrough7 .（2022江苏镇江模）9.MysisterseldomspendstimeonTVorcomputeratweekendsbecausereadingmostofherfreetime.A.takesbackB.takesupC.takesawayD.takesoff8 .（2022江苏扬州树人学校一模）8.Mikeonlyworkthatexciteshim,evenifitmeansturningdownalotofmoney.A.takesoffB.takesonC.takesoutD.takesup9 .（2022江苏苏州市吴中、吴江、相城区2022年中考英语模试题）.FvebeentryingtophoneMomallevening,butIcan,tseemto.A.getinB.getoffC.getthroughD.getalong10 .（2022江苏无锡中考英语真题）12.UNICEF,partoftheUnitedNations,inEuropein1946afterWorldWarII.A.setupB.wassetupC.tookupD.wastakenup11 .（无锡江阴市2022年中考英语二模试卷）6.Amy,howmanyofyourclassmateshavebrothersorsisters?Believeitornot,ittobeonequarter.A.takesoutB.breaksoutC.turnsoutD.findsout12 .（无锡市华庄中学2022年中考英语二模试卷）9.These"DaBai,'didn'ttakeanynoticeofthenoiseinthecrowdandwithtest.A.workedoutB.workedonC.carriedonD.carriedout13 .（无锡市惠山区八校2022年中考英语模试题）31.Helen,sfatherisfondofDIY.Look,heistryingtoashowerinthebathroomnow.A.putoutB.putthroughC.putawayD.putin14 .（无锡市蠡园中学2022年中考英语二模试卷）5.Thelunarexplorationprogramofourcountryis3parts,includingorbiting,landingandsamplereturning.A.turnedintoB.brokenintoC.dividedintoD.gotinto15 .（无锡市梁溪区2022年中考英语二模试卷）9.Allofusshouldbeawarethatthistypeofenergywillifwecontinuetowasteit.A.lakeoutB.breakoutC.putoutD.runout16 .（无锡市天一实验学校2022年中考英语二模试卷）11.Theconflict（）thatbetweenRussiaandUkrainemadealotofpeoplebecomerefugees.A.brokedownB.brokeoutC.brokeintoD.brokethrough17 .（无锡市外国语学校2022年中考英语二模试卷）6.Whodoyouthinkwillbechosentobeournewchairperson?-Theonewhocanextrastressandburden.A.takeupB.takeoffC.takeonD.takein18 .（无锡市锡山高级中学实验学校2022年中考英语一模试题）10.Rickeyonlyworkthatexciteshim,evenifitmeansturningdownalotofmoney.A.takesoffB.takesonC.takesoutD.lakesup19 .（无锡市锡山区锡北片2022年中考英语一模试题）7.India,withtheworld'slargestpopulation,upto1.4billionpeople,isseveralCOVID-19relatedchallenges.A.goingthroughB.carryingonC.carryingoutD.breakingout20 .（无锡市锡山区锡东片2022年中考英语一模试题）8.ThewarbetweenRussiaandUkraineandhascausedalotofproblems.A.brokedownB.brokeintoC.brokeoutD.brokeup21 .（无锡市新吴区2022年中考英语二模试卷）10.Pleasedon'ttwoseatsonthebus.Whynotputyourbagonyourknees?A.takeupB.giveupC.mopupD.putup22 .（无锡市新吴区2022年中考英语一模试题）9.ThreeastronautsinChina'sShcnzhouXIIIspacecraft,whichtookoffon16thOct,2021,differentkindsofexperiments（实验）.A. worked outB. turned outC. carried outD. broke out23 .（无锡宜兴市2022年中考英语二模试卷）4.Beforemakingthecard,MaryusedscissorstosomepicturesofChineselanterns.A.cutoutB.handoutC.putoutD.workout二、单选题一情态动词1 .（无锡江阴市2022年中考英语二模试卷）5.Mr.Wu,shouldItellmyparentsaboutthechangeofthetimerightnow?一Yes,you,ortheywillbelatefortheparents'meeting.A.canB.willC.mayD.must2 .（无锡市滨湖区2022年中考英语-模试题）9.Idon'tcarewhatothersthinkaboutmyplan.一Well,you.Weareonthesameboat.A.shouldB.canC.shouldn'tD.can,t3 .（无锡市华庄中学2022年中考英语二模试卷）ILYoupaytoomuchattentiontoyourreadingskillasit,sveryimportant.A.shouldn,tB.needn,tC.mustn,tD.can,t4 .（锡市惠山区八校2022年中考英语一模试题）29.Youthinkallthetrainingmeaningless,butmahundredpercentsurelateryou'llthankyourselffordoingit.A.shallB.shouldC.needD.may5 .（无锡市盆园中学2022年中考英语二模试卷）7.Weneverpaytoomuchattentiontoprotectingourselvesfromcatchingthevirus.A.shouldB.mustC.mayD.can6 .（无锡市梁溪区2022年中考英语二模试卷）2.Youdon,thavetotakearaincoat.Itisn'tgoingtorain.Well,Iamnotsure.Itdo.A.mustB.mayC.needD.would7 .（无锡市天一实验学校2022年中考英语二模试卷）9.Ifyoudrinkatmeals,youdriveonthehighways.It'sagainstthelaw.A.needn,tB.maynotC.wouldnotD.mustn,t8 .（无锡市外国语学校2022年中考英语二模试卷）11.一Howisitgoinginyournewcompany?Itbebetter.malwaysinhighspiritsatwork.A. shouldn'tB. couldn,tC. mustn'tD. may not9 .（无锡市锡山高级中学实验学校2022年中考英语一模试题）6.Willmycarbereadybytheendoftheday?一Itbe,sir.11callifthere,sanyproblem.A.mustB.couldC.shallD.should10 .（无锡市锡山区锡北片2022年中考英语模试题）6.IfyouarefeelingthatIifejustbeanyworseforyou,itwillbechallengingtothinksomethingcheerful.A.can,tB.mustn'tC.shouldD.may11（无锡市锡山区锡东片2022年中考英语一模试题）2.Ihearhehasgivenuphisproject.Itbetrue.AsfarasIknow,he,sastrong-mindedperson.A.can,tB.canC.mustn'tD.may12 .（无锡市新吴区2022年中考英语二模试卷）2.Stephenishard-workingatwork,isn,the?一Stephen?Yo