热点11三大主题意境之人与社会(阅读理解之首字母填空)(解析版).docx
热点11人与社会阅读理解之首字母填空题命题趋势首字母填空既考查学生对语法、词汇、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力,也考查了学生对文章的阅读理解能力。其中,着重考查学生在具体的语境中运用语言知识的能力,根据文章内容进行合理的逻辑推断和分析概括的能力。一般来讲,在考试中,七个首字母,会涉及到不同词性。以名词、动词、形容词和副词为主,虚词为辅。英语阅读主题意境中涉及到A社会的主要话题包括但不限于:社会关系与互动:作品可能探讨人们在社会中的相互关系和互动,如家庭关系、友谊、爱情关系、职场关系等。社会制度与结构,作品可能反映社会中存在的制度、规则,探讨人们在这些结构下的处境和挣扎。社会问题与社会变迁:作品可能揭示社会中存在的各种问题和矛盾,如贫富差距、种族歧视、性别平等等,以及社会的变革和发展。个体与集体:作品可能探讨个体在社会中的定位和角色,以及个体与集体利益之间的冲突和统一。社会道德与价值观:作品可能反映社会的道德标准和价值观念,探讨人们在社会中如何面对道德困境和价值选择。【应试技巧】解题技巧:1.要对文章内容有总体把握通读首字母填空的短文,跳过空格快速阅读,r解全篇的主要内容。2 .要重视文中的主题句首字母填空选用的短文般不给标题,但短文的主题句,往往在每段文章的首句,有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等,这是深入了解全文的“窗口”。我们甚至能以主题句为立足点,从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。3 .要利用语境进行联想利用上下文的提示,用学过的知识和已有的生活经验,扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。解题步骤:第一步判断词性根据语法来确定空格中应该选填什么词性的单词。这样做的个好处就是可以缩小选词的范围。例题:Peoplewhorelyonlyontheirtalentanddonotworkhardr52succeed.(嘉定2023模)改题的空格出现在动词SUCCeed前,提示我们要填副词(因为要用副词修饰动词或形容词)。对考纲词汇特别熟悉的同学马上就可以想到最常见的两个r开头的副词really和rarely。这样我们就下子缩小了思考范围,只要把这两个词放到上下文中判断下哪个比较合适就可以了。第二步联系上下文根据上下文来进一步筛选合的词。上面这个句子的上下文意思是“人们如果仅仅依靠才能,而不努力工作的话,那么就很难取得成功根据上下文的意思来判断,空格处填写rarely最合适。第三步确定拼写和形式要注意的是,如果空格处填写的是动词或名词的话,千万不要遗漏这第三步。如空格确定要填写动词,那么就要想想是否需要第三人称单数+s,是否需要用过去式或过去分词形式;空格如填写名词,就要考虑名词是可数还是不可数,是单数还是复数。如果这些问题没有注意到的话,即使选对了词,也会失分。重难通关练一、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWordS(在短文的空格内填入适当的词,是其内容通顺,每空格限填一次,首字母已给)Manyyearsago,whenIwasfreshoutofschoolandworkinginDenver,Iwasdrivingtomyparents,homeinMissouriforChristmas.Istoppedatagasstation(加油站)about50milesfromOklahomaCity,w1Iwasplanningtostoptovisitafriend.WhileIwasstandinginlineatthecashregister("攵款台),Isaidhellotoanoldercouplew2werealsopayingforgas.Itookoff,buthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokepouredfromthebackofmycar.IstoppedandwonderedW3Ishoulddo.Acarpulledupbehindme.ItwasthecoupleIhadspokentoatthegasstation.Theysaidtheywouldtakemetomyfriend's.Wechattedonthewaytothecity,andwhenIgotoutofthecar,thehusbandgavemehisbusinesscard.Iwrotehimandhiswifeathank-younoteforhelpingme.Soonafterward,Ir4aChristmaspresentfromthem.Theirnotethatcamewithitsaidthathelpingmehadm5theirholidaymeaningful.Yearslater,Idrovetoameetinginanearbytowninthemorning.InlateafternoonIreturnedtomycarandfoundthatdleftthelightsonallday,andthebattery(电池)wasdead.ThenIn6thattheFriendlyForddealership-ashopsellingcarswasrightnextdoor.Iwalkedoverandfoundtwosalesmenintheshowroom.“JusthowfriendlyisFriendlyFord?”Iaskedandexplainedmytrouble.Theyquicklydroveapickuptrucktomycarandstartedit.Theywoulda7nopayment,sowhenIgothome,Iwrotethemanotetosaythanks.Ireceivedaletterbackfromoneofthesalesmen.Noonehadevertakenthetimetowritetohimandsaythankyou,anditmeantalot,hesaid.ttThankyou”twopowerfulwords.They,reeasytosayandmeansomuch.【答案】1.(w)here2.(w)ho3.(w)hat4.(r)eceived5.(m)ade6.(n)oticed7.(a)ccept【导语】本文讲述了作者两次在路上被人帮助的经历,他给他们写了感谢信,并收到了积极的反馈,以此说明“谢谢”这两个字意义重大。1 .句意:我在距离俄克拉荷马城大约50英里的个加油站停了下来,我打算在那里停下来拜访个朋友。分析句子可知,该句是含定语从句的复合句,先行词指地点,关系副词要用Where,在此引导的非限制性定语从句。故填(w)here°2 .句意:当我站在收银台前排队时,我向对也在付油钱的老夫妇打招呼。分析句子“Saidhelk)IOanOIdercouple.werealsopayingforgas.,11J,该句是定语从句;先行词指人,关系代词用Wh0。故填(w)ho。3 .句意:我停了下来,想知道我该怎么办。根据上文“Itookoff,buthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokepouredfromthebackofmycar.”可知,作者的车后面冒黑烟,所以他停下来思考自己应该做什么;What“什么”,符合语境,引导宾语从句。故填(w)hal。4 .句意:不久之后,我收到了他们寄来的圣诞礼物。根据"aChristmaspresentfromthem”可知,作者收到了那对夫妇寄来的圣诞礼物:receive“收到”,动词;时态为一般过去时,动词要用过去式。故填(r)eceived。5 .句意:他们附带的便条上说,帮助我使他们的假期变得有意义。根据"helpingmehad.theirholidaymeaningful”可知,帮助作者使得他们的假期更有意义;make“使得”,动词;时态为过去完成时,故此处要用过去分词madeo故填(m)ade。6 .句意:然后我注意到,友好福特经销店家卖汽车的商店就在隔壁。根据“theFriendlyForddealershipashopsellingcars”可知,作者注意隔壁的一家商店;nolice“注意”,动词;时态为一般过去时,动词要用过去式。故填(n)oliced。7 .句意:他们不收钱,所以当我回到家时,我给他们写了张纸条表示感谢。根据“n。Paymem”可知,他们不接受付款;accept“接受”,动词:空前有“would”,故此处用动词原形。故填(a)ccepl。二、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithPn)PerWordS(在短文的空格内填入适当的词,是其内容通顺,每空格限填一次,首字母已给)Mostofusspendourlivessurroundedbyscreens,withwhichwemanageourwork,ourrecreationandourrelationships.Thesedevicesofferusconvenienceaswellasconnectionandalotofinformation.H8it,salsoeasytofeelpressuredtokeepupwitheverymessage.Moreandmorepeoplewanttotakeabreakfromtechnology.Thephraseudigitaldetox,'describesstayingawayfromTV,phones,computersandotherformsoftechnologythatc9ourlivesforaperiodoftime.Thesebreakscanoccurinavarietyofways.Someexpertssuggestcompletelyavoidingu10screentimefor30days.Otherssuggestusinganappthatwilllimittheamountoftimeonecanspendoncertainwebsites.Athirdoptionisloggingoutineveningsand/oronw11Otherssimplyturntheirphonesoff.Someevenpayhighpricestotakevacationsinplaceswheretheycantaketimeoutfromtechnology.Whydoyouwanttotakeadigitaldetox?Perhapsyoufindthatyouarespendinglongerthanyouplanoncertainappsorthattheydistractyoufrommoreimportantthings.Perhapssocialmediaisdepressingbecauseyoucompareyourselftoothersoryouf12missingoutonthingsthatotherpeopleareenjoying.Technologycanalsohavep13effects.Manypeopleexperiencebackorneckpainandthebluelightcomingfrommostscreenscanalsoaffectpeople'ssleep.Ononeresearchtrip,agroupofpeopleagreedtospendfourdaysw14theirsmartphones.Bythetimethephone-freeperiodended,manypeopleinthegrouphadmadeimportantdecisionsabouttheirworkorrelationships.Othershaddecidedtoliveahealthierlifestyle.Onlywhentheytookabreakfromtechnologycouldtheythinkaboutreallyimportantthings.Givingupallscreensmaynotberealistic,butstrategicbreaksfromtechnologymybegoodforyourbody,mind,emotionsandrelationships.【答案】8.(三)owever9.(c)ontrol10.(u)nnecessary11.(w)eekends12.(Dear13.(p)hysical14. (w)ithout【导语】本文主要讲述了我们大多数人的生活都被屏幕包围着,越来越多的人想要远离科技,文中介绍了“数字排毒法“,以及采用这种方法的原因。8 .句意:然而,要跟进每条信息也很容易感到压力。空前“ThesedevicesofferusconvenienceaswellasconnectionandalotOfinfbrmalion.''与空后"il'salsoeasytofeelpressuredtokeepupwitheverymessage.”之间是转折关系,且空后有逗号,所以用however“然而故填(三)OWeVer。9 .句意:"数字排毒''指的是在一段时间内远离电视、电话、电脑和其他控制我们生活的科技产品。根据上文"il'salsoeasytofeelpressuredtokeepupwitheverymessage.Moreandmorepeoplewanttotakeabreakfromtechnology.”和“ourlivesfbraperiodoftime”及首字母可知,此处指控制我们生活的科技产品,Conlro1”控制,限制''符合语境,时态是般现在时,主语是复数,所以动词用原形。故填(C)Omr01。10 .句意:一些专家建议在30天内完全避免不必要的屏幕时间。空处作定语修饰Iime,所以用形容词,根据“stayingawayfromTV,phones,computersandotherformsofIeChnolOgy”及首字母可知,此处指不必要的屏幕时间,InmeCeSSary“不必要的”符合语境。故填(u)nnecessary。11 .句意:第ZS种选择是在晚上和/或周末下线。根据“CMherSSimPIytUmIheirPhOneSOff.Someevenpayhighpricestotakevacationsinplaceswheretheycantaketimeoutfromtechnology.”及首字母可知,度假或关机应是非工作的情况下,所以空处应是说“周末",OnWeekendS"在周末故填(w)eekends。12 .句意:也许社交媒体令人沮丧是因为你把自己和别人比较,或者你害怕错过别人喜欢的东西。根据tt.missingoutonthingsthatotherpeopleareenjoying.”及首字母和语境可知,应是说害怕错过信息,feardoingSlh“害怕做某事",时态是一般现在时,主语是you,所以谓语动词用三单形式,故填ear。13 .句意:科技也会对身体产生影响。根据"Manypeopleexperiencebackorneckpainandthebluelightcomingfrommostscreenscanalsoa11ectpeople'ssleep.”及首字母可知,此处指对身体产生影响,空处作定语修饰名词effects,所以用PhySiCaI表示“身体的“,故填(p)hysical。14 .句意:在次研究旅行中,一组人同意在没有智能手机的情况下度过四天。根据“ByIhetimethephone-freePeriodended”及首字母可知,空处指的是没有手机,WilhoUt“没有”符合语境。故填(w)ithoul。三、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWOrdS(在短文的空格内填入适当的词,是其内容通顺,每空格限填一次,首字母已给)OneofthefirstsciencefictionbookspublishedwasJuIesVerne'sJoumeytotheCentreoftheEarth,writtenin1864.Thispopularbookmarkedtheb15ofourstronginterestinsciencefiction.Sincethen,therehavebeenbooks,magazines,computergames,radioandTVshowsandfilms.Asciencefictionstorydoesn'tjustfocusonthefuture;itfocusesontheuseofscienceinourfuture.Sometimesthingsthatarewritteninsciencefictionstoriesa16becometrue.StarTrekfirstappearedontelevisionin1966.Thecrewofthespaceshipspoketoeachotheronsmallmobiledevices.Arobotstarredinthe1927film.Metropolis.Inthe1982film,BladeRunner,videocommunicationwass17asanexcitingthingofthefuture.Thisisoneofthereasonswhysciencefictionissopopular.Itletsusthinkabouthowourworldmightbeinthefuture.ItgivesusideasabouthowwemightmakethingsontheEarthbetterthantheyaren18Itgivesuspossiblesolutionstoproblems.A19reasonisthatitbeginstoanswersomeofthebiggestquestionsinlife,questionslikeArewealoneintheuniverse?Whatcouldwedobetter?Sciencefictiongivesusthechancetothinkaboutthesequestionsandc20possibleanswers.Peoplealsoliketogetawayfromtheirdailylivesthroughsciencefiction.Itisd21toimagineabetterwayofdoingthisthanreadingafantasticstoryaboutaplaceyouhaveneverbeentoandcreaturesyoucannotimagine.Itdoesthisbymakingusfeelthatanythingispossible.PerhapssciencefictioncouldalsomakeusfeelluckytolivehereontheEarth.Perhapsitcouldevenmakeustakebettercareofourplanet.【答案】15.(b)eginning16.(a)ctually17.(s)een18.(n)ow19.(八)nother20.(c)onsider21.(Difficult【导语】本文主要讲述了对科幻小说的影响及受欢迎的原因。15 .句意:这本受欢迎的书标志着我们开始对科幻小说产生浓厚兴趣。根据“SinceIhen”可知此处指我们开始对科幻小说产生浓厚兴趣,thebeginningoft的开始”,故填(b)eginning016 .句意:有时候科幻小说里写的东西实际上会变成真的。根据“becometrue”可知小说里写的东西实际上会变成真的,此处应填副词修饰动词become,actually“实际上”符合语境,故填(a)clually。17 .句意:在1982年的电影银翼杀手中,视频通信被视为未来令人兴奋的事情。根据首字母提示可知,此处考查短语beseenas"被视为”,指被视为未来令人兴奋的事情。故填(三)een。18 .句意:它给了我们如何让地球上的事情变得比现在更好的想法。tSHHletsusthinkabouthowourworldmightbein【hefuture.”可知此处应是未来跟现在对比,now“现在"。故填(n)ow。19 .句意:另一个原因是,它开始回答生活中一些最大的问题,如我们在宇宙中是孤独的吗?根据前文“ThisisoneofthereasonswhysciencefictionissoPOPUlar.”可知此处指另一个原因,another*45j,个”,句首单词首字母大写。故填(八)noiher°20 .句意:科幻小说让我们有机会思考这些问题,并考虑可能的答案。根据“thinkaboUlIheSeqUeSlionS”可知此处指考虑可能的答案,consider“考虑”,空前有and,此处应与'thinkaboul''形式保持致。故填(C)OnSider。21.句意:很难想象有比阅读个关于你从未去过的地方和你无法想象的生物的精彩故事更好的方式了。根据"Peoplealsoliketogetawayfromtheirdailylivesthroughsciencefiction.“可知人们也喜欢通过科幻小说来摆脱H常生活,所以此处填形容词di伍CUM困难的”符合语境,在句中作表语。故填(d)ifficuk四、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithPn)PerWOrdS(在短文的空格内填入适当的词,是其内容通顺,每空格限填一次,首字母已给)TheCostofTravelingtoAntarctica“WhydoyouwanttotraveltoAntarctica?Isn'titverycoldandveryfaraway?”IwasaskedthesesamequestionsoverandoveragainwhenItoldmyfriendsaboutmyplantotraveltothesouthernmostcontinent.Tobehonest,I,122manyothertravelers,justwantedtocrossthispure-whitewonderlandoffmybucketlist(人生愿望清单).Thetrip,however,turnedouttobeagreatlessonabouttheAntarcticenvironment.Onmywayback,Icouldn'thelpaskingmyself,“HowhaveIaffectedtheAntarcticenvironment?ShouldIhaveeventraveledtothecontinent?*'Anytypeoftravelcomeswithanenvironmentalcost.Myguidetoldmethatofallmeansoftransport,shipshadsomeofthelargestcarbonfootprints.Thatmeanstheyproducelotsofgreenhousegases.Inaddition,thenoiseofshipsP23throughtheoceancancauseseriousharmtosealife.Whenwetravelfromoneplacetoanother,Wespreadseedsa24bacteria(细菌)throughourclothing,bodiesandluggage.ForAntarctica,thesenon-nativeseedsandbacteriacanbeverydamaging.Tburoperatorstrytopreventthisproblembyprovidingtravelerswithspecialboots.Travelersmustwearthemwhenevertheyleavetheirships.Theirouterwearmustalsobecleanedb25itcanbewornforlanding.However,whentheygethotwhilehiking,travelersmaytakeofftheirouterwearandtheclothestheywearunderneatharenotusuallyrequiredtobecleaned.TheincreaseintourisminAntarcticamayalsobringaboutsomeunknownrisks.Forexample,sincethereisnonativehumanpopulationinAntarctica,the126animalsarenotusedtosharingtheirhomeswithus.Wemaynotbeableton27anyproblemsnow,butwhenwebegintoseechanges,itmayalreadybetoolate.Itwastrulywonderfultoseetheb28ofAntarcticawithmyowneyes.However,mytripdidharmtheAntarcticenvironmentandwildlife.Beforeyoudecidetolandonthecontinent,pleasethinktwiceaboutthetrue"cost"ofyourtrip.【答案】22.(1)汰e23.(p)assing24.nd25.(b)efore26.(l)ocal27.(n)otice28.(b)eauty【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南极旅游。22 .句意:老实说,我和许多其他旅行者样,只是想把这个纯白的仙境从我的遗愿清单上划掉。”manyotherIraVelers''作插入语,此处缺少介词,like"像",表示"像其他旅行者一样故填ike。23 .句意:此外,船只通过海洋时发出的噪音会对海洋生物造成严重危害。此处修饰ShiPS,passthrough“穿过”,现在分词作定语,表示“通过海洋的船只”。故填(p)assing。24 .句意:当我们从个地方旅行到另一个地方时,我们通过衣服、身体和行李传播了种子和细菌。SeedS和bacleria属于并列关系。故填(a)nd。25 .句意:他们的外套也必须清洗干净才能穿着登陆。此处引导时间状语从句,before”在之前”,表示“在登陆前故填(b)efore。26 .句意:例如,由于南极洲没有土著人口,当地的动物不习惯与我们共享家园。此处修饰animals,rtsharingIheirhomeSWithus”可知,此处表示“本地的动物“,IOCai”本地的故填OCa1。27 .句意:我们现在可能无法注意到任何问题,但当我们开始看到变化时,可能己经太晚/°此处缺少动词,由“seechanges”可知,此处表示“看到改变”,此处应呼应,表示“注意到问题“,notice“注意到",beabletodoslh“能够做某事“,此处用动词原形。故填(n)oiice。28 .句意:亲眼看到南极洲的美景真是太棒了。此处缺少名词,由“withmyowneyes”可知,这里表示“亲眼看到“,thebeautyof的美景故填(b)eauiy。五、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperWordS(在短文的空格内填入适当的词,是其内容通顺,每空格限填一次,首字母已给)“Aupair,originallyaFrenchterm,referstoaforeignerwholiveswithafamily,sohe/shccanIcarnthefamily'slanguageandculture,whileatthesametimehe/shetakescareofthefamily'schildrenand/orcleansthehouseinreturnforfood,accommodations(住宿)andasmallS29.Inthepastfewyears,manyyoungChinesehavebecomeaupairsinothercountries,andmanyyoungforeignershavemovedtoChinatoworkasaupairs.R30themagazine,WomenofChina,hasinte,iewedthreeyoungChinese,andthreeforeignersinChina,eachofwhomsharedhis/herownexperiencesasanaupair.ThefollowingisfromanaupaircalledNataliaMartinezPerezfromRepublicofColombia.Iam19yearsold,andIcomefromCali,acityintheRepublicofColombia.Ihavegoodrelationswithmybrotherandcousins.Ilovechildren,andIconsidermyselftobeahappyperson,whoisabletomakeothershappyaswell.Mydreamistotravelaroundthew31andtolearnaboutdifferentculturesandlanguages.IsawthebeautifulsceneryofChinaandIlearnedaboutChineseculturefromm32anddramas(戏剧)thatIwatched.IpracticedspeakingChinesewheneverIhadfreetime.IhavealwaysbeeninterestedintravellingtoChinasinceIfellinlovewithChinaanditsculture.IrespecttheChineseculture,andIwanttoknowmoreaboutit.IwasanaupairinsomeothercountriesbeforeImovedtoChinainOctober2015.WhenIheardaboutthechancetogotoChina,Iimmediatelyapplied.Now,IlivewithmyhostfamilyinShanghai.Thefamilyhasadaughter.Ihaved33agdrelationshipwiththegirl,herparentsandtheirrelatives.Thegirlsaysshereallylikesme.Sheasksmetotellherastorybeforeshegoestosleepeachnight.IteachthegirlEnglishaftershefinishesherhomework.Iteachherinvariousways,andshehasshowedagreatinterestinlearningEnglish.IcookColombianfoodforthegirlsometimes,andwealsoliketogoshoppingtogether.BecominganaupairhasP34agoodchanceformetoexperiencedifferentculturesindifferentcountries.IthinkIamhavingana35experienceinChina.【答案】29.(s)alary30.(R)ecently31.(w)orld32.(m)ovies33.(d)eveloped34.(p)rovided35.(a)mazing【导语】本文介绍了互惠生以及分享了几个人对它的感受。29 .句意:AUPair最初是一个法语术语,指与家人住在一起的外国人,这样他/她就可以学习家人的语言和文化,同时他/她可以照顾家里的孩子和/或打扫房子,以换取食物、住宿和少量的工资。根据"inreturnforfood,accommodations(住宿)andasmalL.”可知可以换取食物、住宿和少量的工资,此空结合首字母,可推测出是Salary“工资”,前有asmall修饰,用单数。故填(s)alary。30 .句意:最近,中国的女人杂志采访了中国的三名中国年轻人和三名外国人,每个人都分享了自己作为互惠生的经历。分析句子结构可知,应填副词。联系上下文可知,上文是背景介绍,空格后面讲到的是杂志V“"et力采访其他人的经历,结合首字母可推测出是ReCenUy“最近”。故填(R)ecenlly。31 .句意:我的梦想是环游世界,学习不同的文化和语言。结合首字母可推测出是IraVelaroundtheworld意为“旅游全世界故填(W)OrkL32 .句意:我看到了中国的美景,并从我看的电影和戏剧中了解了中国文化。分析句子结构可知,and连接的是两个并列成分,故应填名词复数。根据句意结合首字母可推测出,是从观看的电影和戏剧中了解了中国的文化。movie意思是“电影”,用复数,故填(m)ovies。33 .句意:我与这个女孩、她的父母和他们的亲戚建立了良好的关系。分析句子结构可知,本句是现在完成时,故应填过去分词。根据语境可知,我跟这个女孩、她的父母和她的亲戚已经建立了很好的关系。develop意思是“建立",其过去分词是developed,故填(developed。34 .句意:成为名互惠生为我提供了个在不同国家体验不同文化的好机会。分析句子结构可知,本句是现在完成时,故应填过去分词。根据语境可知,成为互惠生给我提供了很好的机会。provide意思是“提供”,其过去分词是ProVided,故填(p)rovided。35 .句意:我认为我在中国有一次令人惊叹的经历。分析句子结构可知,应填形容词作定语。根据句意可知正在中国经历着令人惊喜的体验。amazing意为“令人惊喜的“,修饰experience。故填(a)mazing。培优争分练一、ReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithPn)PerWOI*ds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词,是其内容通顺,每空格限填一次,首字母已给)Storingdata(数据)hasbecomemoreconvenient.Thirtyyearsago,peoplehadtodependonfloppydisks(软磁盘).N36,allwehavetodoishitthe"Save"buttononourscreens.Thefileswill