专题04数词&主谓一致（讲练）（原卷版）.docx

专题04数词，主谓一致表示数量多少或顺序先后的词称为数词。英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词两类。基数词表示数目“多少”；序数词表示数目的顺序“第几考查重点：日期的表达方法;某些数词的特殊表达形式;数词单位hundred,thousand,million的用法。k真题研析规律探寻1 .（2023黑龙江）RedSf"OVerChina（红星照耀中国）issopopularthatofthestudentsinourclasshavefinishedreadingit.A.twothirdB.twothirdsC.secondthree【答案】B【解析】句意：红星照耀中国非常受欢迎，我们班三分之二的学生都读完了。考查分数表达。基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式。B选项符合。故选B。2 .（2023ill东S宾州）Thenumberofthefansgoingtothisconcertisaboutthree.Andofthemaregirls.A.thousand;twothirdB.thousands;twothirdC.thousand;twothirdsD.thousands;twothirds【答案】C【解析】句意：去听这场音乐会的歌迷大约有三千人，其中三分之二是女孩。考查IhoUSand和分数的表达。thousand被具体的基数词修饰时，用单数形式，且不与Of连用，表示具体的数词，空前有Ihree,所以第一空填IhoUSand；分数的表达：分子（基数词）/分母（序数词），当分子大于1时，分母中的序数词要变为复数，所以三分之二则表达为“twothirds”，故选C。核心提炼考向探究一、基数词基数词的写法或读法表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。如one,five,ten,thirty,sixty-five1.基数词的写法或读法0zero1one11eleven100onehundred2two12twelve20twenty1,000onethousand3three13thirteen30thirty1,000,000onemillion4four14fourteen40forty10,000,000tenmillion5five15fifteen50fifty100,000,000onehundredmillion6six16sixteen60sixty1,000,000,000onebillion7seven17seventeen70seventy1,000,000,000,000onetrillion8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten二、序数词表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如first,sixth,tenth,twenty-first等阿拉伯数字基数词序数词序数词缩写1onefirst1st2twosecond2nd3threethird3rd5fivefifth5th8eighteighth8th9nineninth9th12twelvetwelfth12th20twentytwentieth20th21twenty-onetwenty-first21st22twenty-twotwenty-second22nd23twenty-threetwenty-third23rd三、数词的运用数词下面几种用法1 .表示事物的编号，用“名词+基数词”或“the+序数词+名词”。如：Room308308房thefifthfloor五楼2 .表示年月日，“年”用基数词，“日”用序数词。如：1October,19491949年10月1日3 .表示时间，用基数词。如：2I10twoten3:30threethirty/halfpastthree4 .表示百分数，用基数词。如：80%eightypercent33%thirty-threepercent5 .表示小数，用基数词。如：0.24(zero)pointtwofour10.75tenpointseventy-five6 .表示电话号码，用基数词。如：83709295eightthreeseveno,ninetwoninefive7 .表示年龄，用基数词。表示第几个生日，用序数词。如：Tomisfive(yearsold).汤姆五岁了8 .表示分数，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；如果分子大于1,分母要用复数。1/5。IIeflfth2/5two-fifths数词几种常见考点(1) hundred,thousand,million,billion等前面有具体数字或several时，用单数形式，但表示不确切的数目时，用hundreds/thousands/millions/billionsOf等。如：Therearefourhundredpupilsintheprimaryschool.Hundredsofpeoplegettogetheratthestation.(2) “数词+名词”构成的复合形容词，该名词用单数形式。如：aseven-dayholiday,an8-metre-longstick(3)表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。如：Onethird(三分之一)，threefifths(五分之三)题型特训命题预测一、单项选择1.Therearestudentsinourschool,butonlyofthemaregirls.A. hundreds of; two hundredC. hundreds of; two hundredsB. hundred of; two hundredsD. hundred of; two hundred2.1 haveclasses in the morning, and theclass is Chinese.A. fourth; thirdB. four; threeC. third; fourthD. four; third3. As the saying goes, "It's never too late to IearnJ My grandpa took up writingthe age of 70and finished his novelhis eighties.A. at, forB. by, atC. at, inD. by, for4. It,s October 1 Oth. Lucy isyears old now. Today is herbirthday.A.twelve；twelfthB.twelfth；twelveC.twelve；twelveD.twelfth；twelfth5. AboutoftheengineersintheITcompanyseemtobeintheirD. one-fourth; fortiethA.aquarter;fortiesB.thequarter;fortiethC.one-four;forties6. m 14.And he is aboy.A. year old, 15 years oldB. year-old, 15 year-oldC. years old, 15 years oldD. years old, 15-year-old7. AboutA. four-fifthB. four-fifthsC. fourth-fifthsD. fourths-fifth8. Excuse me, I havequestions to ask.A. two moreB. more twoC. anotherD. the othersofthebooksinourschoollibraryarewritteninChinese.9. Whatclassareyouin?minA. Grade Seven, Class TwoB. grade seven, class twoC. Class Two, Grade SevenD. class two, grade seven.He was a great doctor.10. Dr.Bcthune（白求恩）helpedlotsofChineseSopeopleinbothChinaandCanadastillrememberhimnow.A. in the 1930B. in 1930C. in the 1930sD. in his 1930s11. Half-time is aperiod for playersA. ten-minute; to restB. ten-minute; restingC. ten minutes,; to restD. ten minutes,; resting12. 一Howdoyousay"9:50"inEnglish?A. ten past nineB. ten to tenC. ten to nineD. fifty past nine13. HelivesinA. room 203B. Room 203C. 203rd roomD. Room 203rd14. School activities are fun in December. We haveball games, and the soccer game is onday of December.A. five; the secondB. the fifth; the secondC. five; twoD. the fifth; two15. The river isA. 100 meter long B. 100-meter-longC. 100 meters, longD. 100 meters long主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓致必须遵循三个原则，即语法致原则、意义致原则、就近一致原则。语法致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。【知识归纳】一、语法一致原则使用情况例句“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式Thegirlisfondofsinging.Tbprotecttheenvironmentisourduty.Readinginthesunisbadforoureyes.表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式Thestudentsarehavingtheirmathclass.TheyhavebeentoQingdaotwice.and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该Thewriterandteacheriscoming.Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物''（即and后面的名词前面没有冠词），则谓语动词要用单数形式both.and连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式BothPeterandMikecomefromEngland.有些只有复数形式的名词（如glasses,shorts,trousers,jeans,shoes,clothes,gloves等）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式Jack'sglassesarcbroken.1.inda'sshoesareblackandblue.“anumberof+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形Anumberoftreeshavebeenplanted.式；“thenumber。件复数名词”作主语，单数形式谓语动词用Thenumberofthementeachersinourschoolismorethan120.不定代词another,eachone,either,neither,theother,somebody,someone,something,nobody,everybody,everyone,everything,nothing,anybody,anything,anyone,noone等作主语时，Iseveryonehere?Somethingiswrongwithmycomputer.Icalledlastnight,butnobodywasin.主语后面跟with,alongwith,like,except,besides,aswellas,togetherwith,including,nolessthan,ratherIhan,asmuchas等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致MeiMei,withherparents,oftengoestotheparkonSunday.Ateacher,togetherwithsomestudents,isstandingalthegate.主语前面有表示“单位、度量''的短语如"akind(sort/type/form/pair/cup/glass/piece/load/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/metre/)of'等时,表示“单位、ThiskindofcarismadeinChina.1.argequantitiesofwaterareneeded.度量''的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式“分数或百分数+名词''作主语或"alotof/lotsof,plentyof,mostof+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式Twothirdsoftheworkhasbeenfinished.MostofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.【特例清单】1.what从句作主语时，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式Whatweneedistime.我们需要的是时间。Whatsheneedsaregoodbooks.她需要的是一些好书。2.and连接并列主语，若前面有each,every,manya,no等词修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotapresent.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。二、意义一致原则使用情况例句使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd,family,team,group,government,class,staff,public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式：若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式Hisfamilyisn'tlarge.Hisfamilyarefondofwatchingsportsprograms.有些集合名词如people,police,cattle,PoUItry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语Thepolicearesearchingforthemurder.动词用复数形式；有些名词如news,means,works,PhySiCS,politics,maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上Physicsisreallydifficultforme却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式4tthe+某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式Theyoungareenergetic.某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty(of),theres(of),(a)parl(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指“即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数Halfoftheworkhasbeenfinished.Halfoftheworkershavefinishedtheirworkaheadoflime.表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式Twopoundsisn,tsoheavy.Twomonthsisalongholiday.Tenyuanisenough.Tenminusfiveisfive.【特例清单】1.某些以S结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如theUnitedStates,theNetherIandS等，谓语动词用单数形式如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.美国是一个发达的国家。2mone如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；IIOIle如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数Noneofthemoneybelongstome.没有一分钱是属于我的。Noneofthestudentshas/havebeentoEgyptinourclass.我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。3.iallmosthalf7therestof+名词''作主语，谓语动词与Of后面的名词的数保持一致.Mostofhermoneyisspentonclothes.她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。HalfoflhestudentswatchTVtwiceaweek.一半的学生一周看两次电视。三、就近原则使用情况例句由or,either.or.,nor,neither.nor.,whether.or.,not.but.,notonly.butalso.等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致Neitheryounorheiswrong.HereZtherebe句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.Thereisanorangeandtwoapplesontheplate.题型特训命题预测一、单项选择1 .Iamsothirsty.CanIhavetodrink?-Thereapplejuiceinthefridge.Doyouwantit?A.something;isalittleB.anything;aresomeC.anything;issomeD.something;areafew2 .LookatFrank,sbedroom.Thereabed,adesk,achairandacomputerinit.A.haveB.areC.hasD.is3 .myfathermymothercanplaytaiji.Theywill!earnitthissummer.A.Both,andB.Notonly,butalsoC.Neither,norD.Either,or4 .Mrs.WuDr.Mashowsgreatinterestinthebookwearetalkingabout.Theywanttoknowmoreaboutit.A.Both;andB.Either;orC.Notonly;butalsoD./;and5 .Pleaseremember:successfailureisyourfinalresult.It,sonlyanewbeginningofyourlifejourney.一OK,lltrymybesttodoitwell.A.either.orB.neither.norC.both.andD.notonly.butalso6 .Hereissome.Wouldyouliketohavesome?Yes,please.A.breadB.hamburgersC.strawberriesD.apples7.Nonews_goodnews.A.amB.areC.isD.be8.1havesomemoney,andIthink29yuanenough.A.beB.areC.isD.am9. Sir,howmanybananasdoyouneed?一ThreepoundsOK.A. areB. wereC. isD. was10. ThepopulationofChinaover1.3billionnow.Anditisbecominglargerandlarger.A.isB.areC.wasD.were11. Thepolicemakingnotesonthemanhisneighbour.A.is;murderingB.are;murderingC.is;murderedD.are;murdered12. Myfamilyfordinnernow.We,rebusy.A.iscookingB.arecookingC.cooksD.cook13. Thehomelesssopoorthattheyhavenowheretolive.Exactly,buttoourjoy,thelocalgovernmentcanthemwithspecialplacestostay.A.is;offerB.are;giveC.are;provideD.is;afford14. Theoldthecoldmorethantheyoung.A.feelsB.feelC.isfeelingD.arefeeling15. Howmanystudentsareintheclassroom?themforty.A.Thenumberof;areB.Anumberof;areC.Thenumberof;isD.Anumberof;is16. Thenumberofteachersinourschoolsmallandalargenumberofthemwomenteachers.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is,is17. Everyonetohaveatleasteightsleepatnight.18.Doingsports_oneofthebestwaysyourphysicalhealth.A.are,improvingB.is,toimproveC.are,improvesD.is,improve19.Therearetworoads,andeithertothestation.A.isleadingB.areleadingC.leadD.leads20.PlayingthepianoJackgood.A.make;feelB.makes;feelsC.makes;feelD.make;feels21.Whensomething_you,youneedn,t_itallthetime.A.worries;worryB.worry;worryaboutC.worries;worryaboutD.worriesabout;worry22.Doesthisrabbit_abigear?A.needs;hour,sB.need;hours'C.needed;hour,sD.needs;hours'No,itdoesn't.Butitabignose.A.has;hasB.has;haveC.have;hasD.have;have23.Forty-fivepercentstudentsfourtosixtimesaweekinourclass.A.exerciseB.exercisesC.exercisedD.exercising24.ofthestudentsinthatruralschoolleft-behindchildren.A. Three-fifth; isB. Three-fifths; isC. Three-fifth; areD. Three-fifths; are25.oftheEarthcoveredwithwater.A.Seventh-tens;areB.Seventh-tens;isC.Seven-tenths;areD.Seven-tenths;is26.oftheboysplayingbasketball.A.Twothirds;isB.Twothirds;areC.Secondthree;isD.Secondsthree;are27. Differentkindsofteadifferentwatertemperatures,brewingtimesandprocesses.WhatabouttoateahouseinChibitotasteitsbricktea?A.requires;comingB.require;comeC.requires;comeD.require;coming28. Herecomesthebus!WhereisMrWu?Hecan,tgotothetheatrewithus.Hewithsomeforeignersourschool.A.visitB.arevisitingC.isvisitingD.visits29. EveryoneexceptTomandMikeWuxibefore.A.hasgonetoB.havebeentoC.hasbeentoD.havegoneto30. MaggieaswellashersistersshoppingeveryFridayafternoon.A.goesB.goingC.goD.went