专题08非谓语动词（讲练）（原卷版）.docx

专题08非谓语动词非谓语动词是一些特殊的动词，它们在句中不能单独作谓语，而有谓语以外的其他语法功能，在句子中不受主语的人称和数的限制，但仍有时态和语态的变化，也可以带宾语和状语，构成非谓语动词短语。非谓语动词分不定式、动名词和分词三种。动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，在特殊情况下有时to可以省略。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时也具有动词的部分特征，能充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。动名词由动词加-ing构成，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。它们在句中作定语、状语、表语和补语。分词初中阶段不作讨论。我们从中考题中分析，非谓语动词通常出现在单项选择，语法选择，语法填空，选词填空等考题中。对于非谓语动词语法能力考察集中于以下两点：（1）动词不定式（2）动名词、现在分词考向分析：中考对于非谓语动词的考察要求考生们：（1）掌握非谓语动词的定义；（2）掌握动词不定式的用法；（3）掌握一些特殊结构。不定式真题研析规律探寻1. （2023广州语法选择）HewasnotfastenoughtheWormS（虫子）MamaBirdbroughtback.【答案】D【解析】句意：他没有那么快的去拿到鸟妈妈带回来的虫子。get得到,动词原形；got过去式;getting现在分词；Ioget不定式。EnOUgh+todo”足够去做某事“。故选Do2. （2023扬州）Scienceismyfavouritesubject,soIhavepreparedtheSTEAMClub.A.joinBJoiningC.tojoinD.tojoining【答案】C【解析】句意：科学是我最喜欢的科目，所以我己经准备加入STEAM俱乐部了。考查非谓语动词。PreParetodoSth”准备做某事”，固定短语，所以空处用动词不定式，故选C。3. （2023天津）DavidIearntwhenhewasfive.A.swimB.swimsC.swamD.toswim【答案】D【解析】句意：大卫五岁时学习游泳。考查非谓语动词。IeamtOdoSth”学习做某事”，为固定短语，故选D,核心提炼考向探究动词不定式：to+doA、不定式语法作用不定式的作用例句作主语TOIeamisveryimportant.TOdriveintherightisnotallowedhere.注意：不定式作主语时，可置句首。如果过长，可采用it作形式主语，不定式后置的结构。重点句式:l.Itiswas+adjn.+todo（做什么。是。）©Itwasdifficulttoanswerthequestion.重点句式：2.Itiswas+adj.+forsthsb.+todo.3.Itis/was+adj.+ofsb.todo©Itisnecessaryforthisdoortobelocked.Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.4.Ittakes/tooksb.+时间+todosth.5. sb.+be+adj.+todosth.6. think11nd+it+adj.+todosth.作表语Themostimportantthingisnottogiveup.作宾语lwanttoswiminthepool.Theyintendtopostponethetrip.Agoodtranslatorishardtofind.作定语Givehimanornamenttopolish.（2）1needavolunteertotaketheminutes.作状语Theofficerreturnedtohelp.（目的状语）Myparentswillbehappytomeetyou.（原因状语）B不定式的疑问式“疑问词+t。do”结构，相当于相应的从句1don'tknowwhattosay.Idon,tknowwhattodo.Idon'tknowhowtodoit.Idon,tknowwhattodoaboutit.C不定式的否定式TheteacherwarnedKatenottosleepinclass.TheteachertoldSallynottogiveupplayingthepianoeventhoughshehadnotimeD省略to的不定式省略to的不定式常有let,make,see,hear,watch«而help后作宾语或宾补时可以用to,也可以省略toDon,tletyourchildplaywithfire.Theloudmusicmademewant（oleave.动名词真题研析规律探寻1. （2023江苏淮安）Wehadmuchdifficultytheproblem.Wereallywentthroughahardtime.A. to solveB. solvingC. solveD. solved【答案】B【答案】句意：我们解决这个问题有很大困难。我们确实经历了一段艰难的时期。考查非谓语动词。根据“Wehadmuchdifficulty.”可知，此处考杳动词短语havedifficulty（in）doing“做某事有困难”,因此用动名词SolVingo故选B。2. （2023上海）fordogfoodandvisitingthevetarereallyexpensive.A.PayB.TopayC.PaidD.Paying【答案】D【答案】句意：花钱买狗粮和去看兽医真的很贵。此句是and连接的两个动名词短语做主语，由“andvisitingthevet”可知，空格处用动名词，故选D。核心提炼考向探究形式：动名词与现在分词同型（v-ing）起到名词的作用动名词的作用例句作主语（谓语动词为单数）ReadinghelpsyouIeamEnglish.作宾语（有的动词直接加动名词作其宾语；有的加介词后动名词作其宾语）l.Hequitsmokingayearago.2.1lookforwardtohelpingyoupaintthehouse.It+形容词+动名词Itisnousetellinghimnottoworry.(此类形容词还包括：better>wonderful、enjoyableinteresting>Ibolish>difficult>useless>senseless>worthwhile)作表语（对主语进一步说明，相当于一个名词）LMyjobisteaching.2.Seeingisbelieving.作定语（表示用途或性质）1. aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming2. amovingtruck=atruckformoving.常见非谓语考向常用的带动词不定式t。do的词want,wouldlike,agree,decide,refuse,learntoo.todo,adj.+enoughtodo常用的带todo做宾语补足语（V.+sb.+todo）的词asksb.(not)todosth.,tellsb.(not)todosthwant,wouldlike,wish,teach,allow,encourage,help,warn.常用的不带t。的情况let,make,hadbetter,see,hear,watch常用的只带doing的词Keep,enjoy,practise,finish,mindbebusydoing,spend.(in)doingsuggestdoing,preferdoingtodoing介词+doing动词接Ving和todo的区别有些谓语动词之后既可以加动词不定式todo,也可以加动名词doing,但是它们的中文意思不同。如：stoptodosomething停止手中事，去做另一件事slopdoingsomething停止正在做的事-remember/forget/regrettodosomething记得/忘记Z遗憾要做某事（指动作尚未发生）.remember/forget/regretdoingsomething记得Z忘记/遗憾做了某事（指动作已经发生）trytodosomething设法，努力去做，尽力trydoingsomething试试去做，看有何结果, mean Io do something 打算做，企图做.mean doing something 意思是，意味着当谓语动词是感观动词时，其形式是：谓语动词+sb./sth.+do/doing,如：watch sb. do观看某人做了某事watch sb. doing观看某人正在做某事hear sb. do听见某人做了某事hear sb. doing听见某人正在做某事但用法有区别：see sb. do看见某人做了某事see sb. doing看见某人正在做某事find sb. do发现某人做了某事find sb. doing发现某人正在做某事题型特训命题预测一、选择填空1. (2023长春)WeexpecttheworldChinabetterafterthe19thAsianGamesinHangzhou.A.understandingB.tounderstandC.understoodD.understand2. (2023南通)healthy,we,vegotusedtowashinghandsbeforemealsandusingpublicchopsticks.A.KeepingB.KeepC.TokeepD.Tokeeping3. (2023辽宁盘锦)Theseflowersdon,talwaysneed,soyouthemeveryday.A.towater;don'tneedtowaterB.watering;needn,ttowaterC.towater;don,tneedwaterD.watering;don'tneedtowater4. （2023江苏扬州）Thecareerhedevotedhimselftohimbypeopleallovertheworld.A.made;rememberedB.making;rememberC.making;wasrememberedD.made;toremember5. （2023湖南湘西）Ioftenpracticethepianointhemorning,butmyneighborsdon,tmindthesound.A.play;hearingB.playing;hearingC.playing;tohear6. （2023,江苏淮安）Wehadmuchdifficultytheproblem.Wereallywentthroughahardtime.A.tosolveB.solvingC.solveD.solved7. （2023江苏扬州二模）oureyesight,weshouldpayattentiontothedistancebetweenoureyesandthebookorscreen.A.ProtectB.TbprotectC.ProtectingD.Toprotecting8. （2023上海浦东二模）Workinginthefieldforawholedayletthechildrenthefarmers,hardlife.A.understandB.tounderstandC.understoodD.understanding9. （2023上海模拟预测）fordogfoodandvisitingthevetarereallyexpensive.A.PayB.TopayC.PaidD.Paying10. （2023湖北武汉模拟）Ifyouwantyourpronunciation,keeponeveryday.A.improve,topracticeB.improved,practicingC.improving,topractice.D.toimprove,practicing11. Whyhaveyoukeptmehereforsolongtime?A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.towaiting12. Hisauntwantedtohavehimtheradio,buthehadhaditalready.（人教版U7句式）A.repair；repairB.torepair；repairC.repaired；torepairD.repair；repaired13. msorryIforgotthedictionarytoyou.A.returnedB.returningC.toreturnD.return14. Youmusthavetheclassroomafterschool.Ifstoodirty.（人教版U7句式）A.cleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.toclean15.importantusnottogiveupwhenwefaileachtime.A.It's,forB.It,s,ofC.That's,forD.That,s,of16. Doyouknowwhenthedayaftertomorrow?A. leaveB. leavingC. to leaveD. will leave17. 一Amy,I'mnotgoodatbasketball.WhatshouldIdo?Whynotabasketballclubtopractisebasketball?A.join,playingB.tojoin,toplayC.attend,playingD.toattend,toplay18. Afteryoufinishthestory,doyouknowwhatnext?A.towrite;doingB.writing;doingC.towrite;todoD.writing;todo19. Stampsusedtoverycommon,butweareusedtoemailsnow,soweseldombuystamps.A.be,writeB.be,writingC.being,writingD.being,write1.1 1willshowyou.A.whattodoB.todowhatC.howtodoD.todohow21. Rememberthebookintimewhenyouhavefinishedit.A.toreturn;readingB.returning;readingC.returning;toreadD.toreturn;toread22. 一Amy,I'mnotgoodatbasketball.WhatshouldIdo?Whynotabasketballclubtopractisebasketball?A.join,playingB.tojoin,toplayC.attend,playingD.toattend,toplay23. 一Iheardyourbrotherfailedtheexamthistime.Yes,hedecidednovelbooks.A.readingB.notreadingC.toreadD.nottoread24. Thesedays,Ispendmyweekendsthechildrenwithoutparents.Ienjoyitverymuch.A.tohelpB.helpingC.helpD.helped25. fishwithcormorantsatraditionalskill.A.Catching,isB.Catching,areC.Catch,isD.Catch,are26. MargaretisstilltryingthePhysicsproblembyherselfintheclassroom.A.toworkoutB.workingoutC.toworkingoutD.workedout27. Thechildrenweremadetheirhomeworkfirst.A.doB.todoC.didD.doing28. Mariausedtolate.Butnowsheisusedtoearly.A.gettingup;getupB.getup;getupC.getup;gettingupD.gettingup;gettingup29. Itisagdideaforteachersteenagerstohavelesshomework.A. to allowB. to allowedC. allowD. allowing30. Idon'tknowhowtodraw.Don,tworry.I,llshowyouA. what to doB. what to do itC. how to doD. how to do it31.1 saw Tomon the playground a moment ago.A. was playingB. to playC. playedD. playing32.1 didn,t know why he refusedme the truth.A. tellB. to tellC. tellingD. to tellingless junk food?A. try eatingB. try to eatC. try eatD. try to eating34. The Red Cross is always the firsthelp to victims when a disaster happens.A. provideB. providingC. to provideD. to providing35. Charlie admitted his cheating in the maths exam and promisedcheat any longer.A. won,tB. doesn'tC. not toD. to not36. The tent isfor a family of threeA. big enough; to live inB. enough big; to live in itC. big enough; to liveD. enough big; live in37. Susan,s parents often make herthe violin for three hours on weekends .A. practice to play.B. practice playing C. to practice playing .D. practicing to play38. We foundvety interestingEnglish.A. it; learningB. it; to learnC. that; to learnD. this; learning39. Why did you call Jack just now?.him about our school trip.A. TellB. To tellC. TellingD. Tells40. How much time does ityouthere?A. spend; gettingB. spend; to getC. take; to getD. take; getting41. You must be tired now. Why nota rest?A. to stop to haveB. to stop havingC. stop to haveD. stop having42. His dream isa musician someday.A. to becomingB. becomesC. becomeD. to become33.Ieatjunkfoodeveryday,ittastessodelicious.一It'snotgoodforyourhealth.Whynot43. Mymotheroftenasksmeearly.A.getupB.getsupC.gettingupD.togetup44. Theteachermadetheboythesentencefivetimesafterschool.A.towriteB.writeC.wroteD.written45. Heistootiredanylonger.A.nottowalkB.notwalkingC.walkingD.towalk46. MrLeereallylovesanimalsandhehasmadeadecisiontodoeverythingheislookingforwardtoanimals.一Heisreallyananimal-lover.A.protectingB.tohuntC.toprotectD.hunting47. Wouldyoulikeshoppingwithme?dliketo.Butmbusythehousework.A.going;togoB.togo;goingC.togo;todoD.going;doing48. HowdoyoustudyforanEnglishtest?.A.ByworkwithfriendsB.BylistentotapesC.ByaskingtheteacherwithhelpD.Bymakingwordcards49. Theboyneedsandhisbikeneeds.A.torest;tomendB.resting;mendingC.torest;mendingD.resting;tomend50. Themovieisreallyworth,becauseit,ssoeducational.A.watchesB.watchC.towatchD.watching二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.1 enjoy(work)herewithallofyou.2. Wouldyoulike(come)withus?3. Thankyoufor(give)mesomuchhelp.3.1 remember(tell)youabouthimthatday.5. -Whatcanweusecomputersfor?-(send)e-mail.6. (take)awalkforawhileaftermealsisgoodforourhealth.7. We,lltryourbest(save)thegirPslife.7.1 thinkthisbookisworth(read)manytimes.9.(improve)hisplayingskills,Hepractises(play)thepianoeverydayIO.Howabout(go)tothecinematonight?11.1willkeep(try)andnevergiveup.12.Whynotgotothebeachand(have)apicnic?1.1 1amlookingforwardto(hear)fromyou.14. You,dbetter(take)themedicineontime.15. 1.ilyhastrouble(work)outtheseproblems.16. Hecouldn'thelp(laugh)whenheheardthejoke.17. Theymadehim(cry).!8.Whilewewererunningontheplayground,Jacksuddenlystopped(run)andlayontheground,soweallstopped(see)whatwaswrongwithhim.19. Sarah,you,dbetterdrinkmorewaterafter(run)forsuchalongtime.20. Ifsimportantfinish)theworkontime.