15万吨甲醇精馏基本工艺计算资料.docx
15万吨甲醇精僧工艺计算1、主塔塔板数计算.由所提供资料知D=20th,出塔甲醛含量为99.9827%,塔釜含量为0.03%,进塔为82%,并可计算如下数据XD=0.9997xW=0.000169xF=0.720=0.72F=th=27.78thW=F-D=7.78thNm=1.5420Nm=38.7839当q=l时,XI=XFye=0.799由=可知Rmin=2.54R=1.5Rmin,=0.2625依照吉利兰联图查得=0.45J=0.45,N=71.7272块2、主塔塔径计算:1.=RD=3.8×20th=76000kgh.M=7600032=2375kmolh.V0=2375×22.4=53200Nm3h操作状态下体积:Vl=55041.82Nm3h气体负荷Vs=55041.82/3600=15.3Nm3s液体负荷1.s=760003600=21.11kg/st=74.5当t=74.5°C时,100%甲醇密度为0.796kgm31.s=21.11/0.796=26.521.s=0.02652m3s气体密度:v=7.6×104/53200=1.43kgm3液体密度:74.5°C时,1.=796Kgm3F1.V=0.04174.5°C时,甲醇=17.7xl0-5Ncmzk=65×10-5Ncm平均构成甲醇(0.9997+0.72)/2=0.86则水为1-0.86=0.14则平均表面积张力T=17.7×10-5×0.86+65×10-5×0.14=2.43×10-4Ncm=24.3dyncm设HT=0.5mh,1.=0.07HT-h'1.=0.43m查得C20=0.091C=0.0946ug(max)=C=2.23m/s取泛点百分率为80%,表观空塔气相速度(按全塔截面计)W=(0.60.8)ug(max),u-0.8ug(max)=0.8×2.23=1.784ms,D'=3.3Im去塔径为3.4m.操作空塔气速U=I.686ms初步核算雾沫夹带取lW=0.7D=0.7×3.4m=2.38mAT=11D24=0.785×(3.4)2=9.0746m2查得Af7AT=O.O878,,Af=0.878AT=9.0746×0.878=0.8m2ug=1.84ms.hf=2.5hC,=0.175meV=0.22×()3.2=()×()3.2=()×()3.2=0.061kg/kg汽v.lkgkg汽停留时间=15.08>5S从以上两相核算初步以为塔径可取3.4m是适当.(2)塔板构造型式拟定采用单流型.由于1.S=0.02652m3s=94.5m3h<110(3)堰及降液管设计堰长:lW=0.7D=2.38m求how=10.93查得E=I.03.how=0.00284E()23=0.00284×1.03×()23=0.0343m求液面梯降B=(lw+D)2=(2.38+3.4)2=2.89m查得Wd=O.143D=0.4862m=0.35cpZl=D-2Wd=3.4-2×0.4862=2.4276mhf=2.5h1.=2.5×0.07=0.175m.=0.0001364(可忽视)求h1.设l1.=0.07m故hW=h1.-how=0.07-0.0343=0.0357m取hW为40mm.则h1.=hW+how=0.04+0.0343=0.0743mh1.(h1.假设值合理)再求ho假设ho比hW低13mmh=hW-0.013=0.04-0.013=0.027m故取ho=25mm(4)筛孔布置取d=4mmtd=3.5则t=14mm由图查得AAa=0.074即开孔面积与开孔区面积之比.取WS=O.Im,WC=0.08m由图得=(1.57/1.45)=0.94Aa=4.5m?.由图得V=6000个11fn=6000×4.5=27000个干板压降取=3mm,=1.33.由图得CO=O.84hc=0.0512()2()=0.2752m液柱(6)稳定性h=0.00311液柱Um=4.4C=4.4×0.84=9.388msK=取实际孔速为15ms则K=1.60即按漏夜气速考虑负荷下限为设计负荷62.54%(7)降液管内液泛也许性Fo=u=15=17.94由图得hl=0.045液柱则hp=hC+hl=0.2752+0.045=0.3202m液柱(8)降液管内液泛也许性Hd=h1.+hd+hphd=0.153()2=0.153()2=0.0304m液柱Hd=0.07+0.0304+0.3202=0.4206m液柱.=15.1>5s故不也许产生降液管内液泛(9)雾沫夹带量核算ev=0.22×()3.2=()×()3.2=()×()3.2=0.068IkgZkg汽<0.IkgZkg汽符号规定。当ev=0.1时,ugmax=2.085m/sugmaxug=2.0851.849=1.13即负荷上限为设计值113%。将上述计算数据整顿成表,如下:序号项目数值1塔径D3.4m2塔板间距H0.5m3塔板型式单流型4空塔气速度U1.686ms5堰长Iw2.38m6外堰高hw0.04m7板上清液层高度hl0.0743m8降液管底与板距离ho0.025m9孔径do4mm10孔间距t14mm11开孔区边沿与塔壁距离WO0.08m12开孔区边沿与堰距离WS0.1m13孔数n27000个14开孔区宽2x3.04m15开孔面积AO0.333m216塔板压降0.2752m液柱17液体在降液管中停留时间15.1s18降液管内清液层高度Hd0.4206m19雾沫夹带ev0.0681kgkg汽20负荷上限(雾沫夹带控制)113%21负荷下限(漏液控制)62.54%3.冷凝罂计算:70324037(1)试算和初选换热器规格计算热负荷和冷却水流量查CP甲醉=0.68kcalkgCCP水=4.187KJKg0CQ=WhCph(Tl-T2)-0×0.68×4.1868x103×(7O-37)36OO=5.22×105WW=5.62×104kgh计算两流体平均温度差,暂按单壳程,多管程进行计算,逆流时平均温度差tmf=14.430C而P=0.21.R=4.125由参照书上图查(P4t=0.75.因此Atm=QZiStm'=0.75xl4.43°Clo.8225.初选换热器规格.依照两流体状况.假设=450W(m2°C)S=107.2.由此查管子总根数为232,管子尺寸为25x2.5,管长6m,壳径600mm,管程数为2.实际换热面积S0=n11d1.232×3.1416×0.025×(6-0.1)=107.45KO=449W(m2°C)KO与假设相符,因此传热系数为450W(m2.oC).(2)核算压强降.管程压强降ZPi=SPl+AP2)FtNP,其中Ft=1.4,NP=2.管程流通面积Ai=114×di2×=114×(0.02)2×=0.0364m2ui=0.43msRei=11758.5(湍流)设管壁粗糙度=0.1mm,=0.005由-Re关系图查得=0.034.H1P1=0.034×=937.3PaP2=275.97Pa壳程压强降.PO=(P1,+P2,)FtNS其中FS=I.15,NS=1.P1r=Ffbnc(NB+l)管子为三角形排列,因此F=05nc=1.19=1.19=18.1319取折流挡板间距h=0.15m.NB=-I=-1=39.壳程流通面积AO=h(D-ncdo)=0.15×(0.6-l9×0.025)=0.01875m2.u=0.37msRe0=11327.7>500f0=5.0Re0-0.228=5.0×11327.7-0.228=0.595½I1P1,=0.4×0.595×l9×(39+1)×=2879.6Pa.P0=(2879.6+1862.64)×1.15=5453.576Pa.(3)核算总传热系数.管程对流传热系数Rei=II758.5(湍流)Pri=4.86=0.023Rei0.8Pri0.4=0.023××(11758.5)0.8×(4.86)0.4=2444.6W(m2)壳程对流传热系数=0.36()()0.55Prl3()0.14取换热器列管中心距t=32mm.则流体通过管间最大截面积为A=hD(1-)=0.16×0.6(l-)=0.0197m2.ue=0.3543.de=0.027m.ReO=11714.8PrO=7.6壳程中甲醇被冷却,取()0.14=0.95,因此=×(11714.8)0.55(7.6)l3×0.95=913W(m2)污垢热阻,查表管内外侧污垢热阻分别取为Rsi=0.0002m2oCW,RSO=O.OOO17m2oCW管壁热阻可忽视时,总传热系数KO=493W(m2oC)由前面计算可知,选用该型号换热器时规定进程总传热系数为449W(m2C),在规定流动条件下,计算出KO为493W(m2°C)故所选取是适当安全系数为9.8%