专题4.字词猜测解题技巧（解析版）（全国通用版）.docx

字词猜测解题技巧根据上下文推断单词和短谱的含义是英语阅读理解胞重要出麴方向之一,也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种正要方式.词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命网考杳，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设即。除了R接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文堂中，总会有一些单词或短谙超出了£考试大纲3诃汇农的范用,但又没有附加注择,也需要考生痢测,这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。1猜词诃义题:方法：利用同义或近义询来猫温*1用反义词猜词利用上下文语境激N"用定义或IMJlm利用例证对利用爱版或同等关系猜调利用词义撅E,关联瘠词利用金跄和常根着词OM据语境转折紫话斛用构词法来猜词陷阱：一个单词往往不只一层含义,注意深层含义.方法1词义猜那法词义精测指通过构词、定义、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及语境等确定词义。通常包括生词和义、热词新义。考卷学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词汇的理斛辨别能力.AwomanboughtaRarrOtfromapetstore.However,thewomandecidedtoreturnthePligltotheshopthenextday.,Thisbirddesn'llalk."shetoldthepetshopowner."DoeshehaveamirrorinhisCage（笼子）？"Iheownerasked.*Pa11,o<slovemirrors.*'hcwomanboughtamirrorandleft,hcnextdayshecameback,sayingthatthebirdstillwasn'ttalking.Theunderlinedword"pam>t,'inparagraph1means*minChinese.A.孔谊B,铛揩C.鸽子D,老鹰Stcpl：分析理解词汇所在旬的含义：位女士从宠物店买了只判断NrTN的含义且像旬没方太多线索，需维续在下文中找线索Step2:定位分析线索句："ThisbirddoesrfltalkShcloklthcPeIShoPowner.("这只鸟不会说话”她告诉宠物店老板Q3133：定位答案：结合选项及常识可知，选项中TWT可以学会说话,划找词应意出据痢定答案为B.方法2短语猜测法短语猜测是指利用上下文语境推测短语的意义。考查学牛.联系主旨.结合上卜文对词纲的理解辨别能力.Jimlikessugarandcakesverymuch.Healwayseatssomei<xxiwithsugarbeforegoingtobed.One11>rning.Jimwascryinginbedbeforeheg<up.,Vhat,sthematter,dear?*hismotheraskedinahurrj."vegota(OOthacheJsaidJim.Sohismothertookhimk>thedentist's.Thedcntisllookedhimoverandpulledouthisbadlo<hatlast.Twodayslater,JimwenttoSChoC1.Mrs.Huntaskedhim,"Whatwasthematterwithyouthosedays.Jim?',Ihadahad100IhMbe.ImdamJansweredJim.,0h.mSorrytohearthat,"saidMrs.Hunt."Isitbetternow?”Tdon'tknow,madam.Ileftitatthedentists.*WhatistheChinesemeaningof(heunderlinedphrase"pullout*?A切开B.拔掠C,缝补D,组装Slepl：分析卉解词汇所在句的含义：牙医给他做了检查,最后他的坏牙；Stcp2:定位分析战索句；ThedentistlookedhimovertISi)andPUiMdCUihisbadUMHhat3N.以及itU；6JIIeftiiat(heden<isfs,我把它留在了牙医店,此处的h指代坏的牙齿)；SlCP3：定位答案：分析可知,牙医检查/他的牙齿.并最后拔掉1'坏牙,确定答案为By方法3根据近义词/反义词猜Jll词义法在同一、PJ段或利一篇文章中,作者为了避免诺言的单词、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词.因此,考生只要读懂上下文.知道其中一个单词的意思，就能猜出另外一个单词的意思。此外，有时作者也会用表示对比或转折的信号诃连接意思相反的两个词或句子,这时就可根据反义诃线索猜测词义，表示对比或反义的信号诃/短语常见的初(whether).or.unlike,bu«,yet.however,while,ahhough,instead,ratherthan.,on(heotherhand等ThereisasupermarketnextIomyhouse.Youcanbuyallkiuisofthingsthere.Theclo<hcsinitarcexpensive,butthefoodischeap.TheChinesemeaningof"cheap*is.A美味的B昂贵的C难的D,廉价的Stepl:再解词汇所在句子,里面的衣服很昂贵,但是食物是.Scp2:分析句子：CWmSNC是我们学过的一个单词,意为-昂贵的*的半句意为“里面的衣服很贵,利用IHH的转折怠义和expensive的含义可猜出cheap衣示“廉价的”，应选D项SlCP3：定位答案：结合选项含义可知,确定答案为D，方法4构词法猜词法在阅读文章时，总会遇上一些新词汇，力时很戒根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻型的作用,此时,如掌握了一些常用的词根.前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀Un.表反义词，如happy-unhappy,fair-unfair后缀mcnl表名词,1dcvclopdcvclopmcnt,state-statement等；后yio或认1表同源名词：如Calculate-Calculaior.visit-visitor,wait-wai（enscieescientis（等，如果一来，这些何即便不玳解决了.3DVRGlassesThisisanewarrival3DVRShincconHclmciVirtuaK虚拟的）rcalilyglasses.Itsux）11smanySinanphonemodelswithAndrOidorIOSsystem.PutyourphoneintotheVRglassesandenterthevi11ualrealityworld.Youcanenjoy（hesuperbigSateneffectof3Dvideos.Noneedtogo（ocinemas.Youcanalsoplay3Dgameswithit.Specification（说明书）Brand（商标）Name:GtckSize:190mmX135mnX85n11Weight:500g1.ens（镜头>:HDOpticalRcsinAugmented1.ensDianwter:30nmPlioneSux>ted:Screensizefrom3.5o6.0inches,phone1.fiOfilh:lessthan160mm.widthlessthan85mmTheunderlinedword“1.ength"probablymeansinChinese.A.长度B.宽度C.厚度D.高度Stcpl：分析理解词汇所在句广：ICSSIhanl60mm.widhlesshan85mm（小于16Omm,宽度小广85mm）Siep2:定位分析线索句：Widlh意为“宽度（h句名词后银lessthan85nn（宽度小于85米）：ICnglh是c>ng（点为“长的”的名词形式.通为“长发”.根据构词法演变而来.Stcp3:定位答案：分析选氏僮length：B.宽度width：C厚度thickness：D.岛度Egh。倘定答案为方法5指代猪费法指代猜测指依据语境的设就关系，判断划畿的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象。考杳考生时文章中叙述的特定的人.物、事件的再认能力。解这类题时应注意代词指代的总原则就近指代，Whenyoutravel100thercountries,youcanbescn,cdwithdifferentnewfoodsandknowmorethingsaboutdifferentcustoms(fft).YoUreadallthesefrombooksinthepast,butnowyouhaveachancetoknowthemclearly.Youcanalsomakenewfriendsfromdiflcrcnlcountries.Theycanhelpyouknowmoreabout(heirowncountries.Whatdocstheunderlinedword"them"refertoinParagraph3?A.Friends.B.1eachen.C.Cininiries.D.Customs.Step)：分析理解题卜及选项：结合烟F可知木涯考较点为指代物测，选项含义A.朋友B.老师C.国家D.习俗Scp2:定位分析线索句：根拉;第句”WhCnyoUtravelta<xbcrcountries,youcanbeservedwithdiftercn<newfoodsandknowmorethingsaboutdiIferaitCgomS(风俗当你去其他国家旅行时，你可以吃到不同的新食物,了解更多关于不同习俗的事情，由此可知下一句所说的在书中了解的足关于习俗的事情，有机会清嘴他了解他们也是指的风俗，SteP3,定位答案I结合选项含义可知,确定答案为I).（2023湖北十城,统考中考真题）Ihavean11-year-oldsonnamedPeter.IknewIhalplayingspo<tswouldbegoodtoourson.Hewouldgetsomeexercise.IeamaboutteamworkandIeamsomephysicalskills.Wecontinuallyencouragedhimtohaveatry.butafterawhileitwasclearthathedidn'tliketeamsports,andtherewasnothingwecoulddotochangeit.Udecided（opushhim（otakepartinsx>ns,even（houghmostofhisfriendsdidspoils.AsIimewentby.wegraduallyrealizedthatwehadnadetherightdecision.DoiftIIIiSUnderSIarHI（误解）n,Ihaveno<hingagainstsports.Nowmysonisn'tinterestedin$Pon$,butmnotpushinghimtodosports.Herearcthereasons:Iwanthiml>knowIaccepthimInKondiIiOnaHy.Idon*levenwantPetertofee）thatIwilllovehimonlyifhebehavesinacertainwayortakespartinsomeactivities.Whetherhesucceedsorfails,hewillalwaysbemyson,andIhalwillneverchange.IwanthimoformhisownPath（道路）inlife.Hispathdoesn'thavetobethesameasmine.Infc,webothhavesimilarinterestsinseveralareaslikemusic,computersandStarWa,butwe'realsodifferentinmanyways.Peterneedsobefreetogohisownpath.Iwanthimtoknow(hat1don'tjudge(剂断Jmyworthbyhisachievements.Everyfatherwillfeelproudofhissonifhecanmakegreatachievements.Somostparentsalwayspushthemsohard.SometimeswehaveseenOUDieIvesindirccllythroughourownsons.Theirachievennlsremindusofurwonderfuldaysin(hepast.Wcmuslmakesurewedon'twanttomakeupfor(%Hourownregretsbypushingoursonstoclimbhigherandgofurther(hanwedid.1. Theadvantagesofdoingsportsdon'tinclude.A.gettingsomeexerviscB.gettingsonicexamskillsC.learningaboutteamworkD.learningsomephysicalskills2. Whalwasthewriter'sfinaldecision?A. Oursonmustmasterakindofsport.B. Heshoulddothesamethingashisfriends.C. Wcdidn*tpushhimtodosportshedisliked.D. Wcwouldpushhimtofindwhathewasgoodat.3. Whatdocstheunderlinedwordt*ufondi(ionallymean?A.慎重地B.无条件地C.不耐烦地D.犹孜地4. Howmanyreasonsdocsthefathergivefornotpushinghissontotakepartinsports?A-Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.5. Whichsentencecanbestdescribethefatherinthispassage?A. Heisawiseandopen-mindedfather.B. Hedoesn'tcareabouthissonsfuture.C. Heisbraveandknowswhentogiveup.D. HeisrichenoughoSUPpOn(hewholefamily.【答案】I.B2.C3.B4.B5.A【导谱】本文主要讲述了作赤胆初想培养儿子喜欢做起动.后来发现儿子对做运动根本不感兴趣.作者就放弃了,后来发现，作拧糊的决定是正确的.作者举例了几点原因.1 .细节PP阚题”根据TICWUUldgetsomeexercise,learnaboutteamworkandIeamsomephysicalskills.*»(知，做运动的好处包括得到些饭煤.学习团队合作.学习些身体技能故选B.2 .细节理解S1.根据“Wedecidednottopushhimtotakepartinsports,eventhoughmostofhisfriendsdidSpOrt可知最后作拧决定不强迫他参加体育活动，故选C3 .词义Jft测SSC根据"Idon'tevenwantPetertofeelthatIwilllovehimonlyifhebehavesinacertainwayorUkcspartinsomeactivities.t'11Jl,不希我彼得党得，只有当他表现出某种行为方式或金加某”活动时作齐才会爱他.而是要让儿广认为.父母是无条件接受他的，所以划线郃分&示“无条件地，故选B.4 .知I节升!解题JWi,fclkrvarvthereasons,fclwanthimtoknow1accq）thimuncondilioaally.Mxfc*lwanthimtoformhisownpath（道路）inlift:及"1wanthimtoknowthatIdon'tjudge（判断）myworthbyhisKhiCVCmCn区”可知.作者共列举了.三点原因,故选B5 .推理判断即，根据第一和第二段可知，作者刚开始想培养儿子喜欢做运动后来发现儿子真的对它不感兴趣.作者并没仃囚为丸他小朋友做运动而勉强儿下去做不喜欢的事情，从这些事情可以看出作者足个明智而豁达的父亲，故选A。（2023山东东营,统考中考真题）WhenJaccamehomefromschool,hecouldn'ttndhiskeys.oWhatnow?IcantjustSitouthere；'hethought.IIisparentswouldn,tbehomeforanhour.Justthen.Ron.thenunwholivednextdoor,wascoming.HeaskedRonifhecouldslayalhisroomtowailforhisparents.Ronagreed.Inside.JaesawabaseballonHSbeh（架子）.RonsmiledwhenhesawJaclookingatit.4Thatonewassigned（签名）by（heMinnesotaTwins,rightaftertheWorldSeriesin1987；*hesaid.oDadtakesmetohcirgamessometimes/'Jaesaid.fc4Wheredidyougeethis?1*'bIwasaprfcssionalumpire（iJ）forthirtyyears.*Ronanswervd.Jac'sCyCSWidCnCd.“Anumpire?Inthe19X0?Didyoumet.HebegantoaskRonquestionsoneafteranHher.Ron（oldJaealolat>ulpastplayers.WhenitwastimetorJactogohome,heaskedRCn.“CanIcomeagain,*,fcSurc.',Ronsaid.*Wow.losingmykeysturnedoutQkayjJaethought.Thenextdayatschool.Jaesearchedhisdesk.tkOh.no.Notagain!mhegroaned（叹息）."NccdhclT'askedMartina,anewclassmate.oYes.vcIosimydinosaurbookJJaesaid.,Vow!hat,sthesamebookthatIusd"JacCXdaimcd.,Arcyouintodinosaur,too?'*',UrhatyourfavoritcT'Theykeptcalking.Afterschool,theywenttotheparktoplaycatchwithJacsfavoritebaseball.*Marlina*sprettyCOdJJaCthought.ThCnextmorningwasSaturday.Jacwantedtodosonicthrowingpractice,buthecouldn'tfindhisbaseball.*Canwegototheparktolookformybaseball?1'Jaeaskedhismom.Atthepark,theysawahomelessdogplayingwithsomething.ItwasJac'sbaseball.,'Mom.look!*Jacsaid.“Doesn'thelooklikeheneedsahome?”Iiismothersmiled.fc,Yes.hedoes."sheSaid,"He'llbeyourresponsibility,though?'Jaenoddedexcitedlyandpickedhimup.“WhataWCCk!”Jacthoughttohimself.fc*Ilostmykeys,11ybook,and11ybaseball,buteverytime1lostsomething,1gotairiend.1. WhatdidJacdoinRon'shome?A.Hewatchedabaseballgame.B.Helearnedhow(oplaybaseball.C.HelearnedaIolab<>ulpustbasekliplaye11i.D.lielearnedhowU>beaprofessionalumpire.2. WhydidJacsayXanIcomeagain"?A. Ikdidn'twanttoslayalhome.B. Heth<ighthemightlosehiskeysagain.C. HewantedtoshareadinosaurbkwithRon.D. HelikedRonandwantedtoUllkwithhimagain.3. Whatdocstheunderlinedword,cxclancd,'mean?A.惊呼B.哭喊C.怒吼D,狂叫4. Fromthepassage,wecanknow.A.RonnevermettheMinnesotaTwinsB.JaewasafanofbaseballC.MartinaandJaedidn'thavethesameintcreslsD.Jaedidn*tlikedogs5. WhatwastherealreasonwhyJacgotfriends?A. Healwayslostthings.B. Hewasgoodatcommunicatingwihothers.C. Heandthepeoplearoundalllikedhelpingothers.D. Heand(hepeoplearoundwereallgoodatsports.t答案】I.C2.D3.A4.B5.CCiSl本文主要讲Jae每次丢东西都能遇到一个朋友，这是因为他和叔明的人都。欢精助别人，1.细”理解虺.根据"Ronagreed.Inside.Jacsawabaseballonashcli7*HcbegantoaskRonquestionsoneafteranother.RontoldJacalotaboutpastplayers/'11Jc在R丽父里了好到很多关干过2；的库班运动员的小情。故选C。2,推理判斯必，根据"HebegantoaskRonquestionsoneafteranother.RontoldJacalotaboutpastp!aycrs.,Jae和Ron的相谈甚欢可推出问能否再来是因为他再欢Rab想要多和他谈谈故选D、3.词义猜测81.根据"WoMThadhcsamcbookthatIuse!"可知两人用了相同的书，Jae很惊讶,exclaimed懑为呼”。故选A。4,推理削桁题，根据"Ronagreed.Inside.JaesawabaseballonaShdfy吸“HCbegantoaskRonquestionsoneafteranother.RontoldJacalotaboutpastPkiyCr$”可知到Ron家里就被悖俅架l%弓I并和Ron谈论悻球选F的小俏,再由PmWCgOkHIKpark1。1。&frmybiIsmHT可FJCl也打棒球，由此推出JdC是一个棒操建，故选B.5.推理判断题CHllKoIlostmykeys,mybook,andmybaseball,buteverytimeIlostsomething,Igotaf11cnd''可知铝次丢了东西都交到朋友,结合文章内容可知有时候是别人帮助/Jac.而行时候是Jae播助/别人由此推出他交到朋友是囚为他和周围的人都喜欢相助别人.故选C（2023四川雅安,统考中考真题）Rosielovedbedtime.Herdadalwaysoldherstoriesbeforeshefellasleep.Someiimes.he(oldfairytales.Sometimes,hetoldanimalstories.Andsometimes,hetoldSPOrtSstories.Rosiccouldn'twaittohearDad'snextstory.Butthatnight,Momcameinandsaid,oDadissick,butIcantellyouastory.*'SoMonitoldRosieaJory.ButtoRosie,itwasn'tthesame.Shefeltsad.Shedidn'twantDadtobesick,andshemissedstorytimewithDad.ShethoughtmaybeDadmissedstr)time.too.SoRosicgotoutofbedandwenttoDadsroom.Sheknockedonhisdoor.,TomcinjDadsaid.WhenRosicopenedthedoor,Dadsmiledweakly.m11isorry.mgoing(o血缸StOryHmeIonigJN”RosiesatonDiKrSbed."No.youwn,t.mgoingU)tellyouaStOryJSoRosietoldDadastoryaboutapanda,aliger,andalion.Dadlovedthestoryandhefellasleepwithusmileonhisface.1. WhendidRosiesdadtellherstories?A.WhCnshewasill.B.Aftershego<up.C.Whileshehaddinner.D.Beforeshefellasleep.2. WhydidRsiefeelsadthatnight?A.Becauseherdadwasill.B. Becauseherdadfellasleep.C. Becauseherdadforgottotellherstories.D. Becauseherdaddidn,twanttotellherstories.3. Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword*miss,inParagraph4?A.想念B,错过C.丢失D.避开4. WhalkindofSlOrydidRmitMCHherdad（hatnight?A.Atairj,talc.B.Ananimalstory.C.Aspo11sstory.D.Alovestory.5. WhaicanweIeamfrom（helastParagraph?A.Rosie*sfatherfellhappy.B.Rosic,sfatherfeltworse.C.Rosie'sfatherdidn'tlikethestory.D.Rosic,sfatherdidn'tenjoystorytime.【答案】I.D2,A3.B4.B5,A本文主要讲罗西朝。就听她爸爸讲睡前故*有天，她爸笆生病儿地在爸爸床上为爸爸讲故事。I.细皆理斜虺-根据“Herdadalwaystoldherstonesbeforeshefellasleep."可知.她爸备总是在她入给她讲故事.故选D.2 .细节理解题.根据'Shefeltsad.Shedidn'twantDadtobesick,andshemissedstorytimewithDadrUJ知.她感到悲伤她不想让爸爸生病.她错过了和爸爸起讲故事的时间.故选A,3 .词句猜测题。根据、TmsOnry,I'mgoingu>mi§SstOrynmek）nighJ可知,爸爸生病了不能给罗西讲故步,所以错过了故事时间,故选B4 .细节理解题.根据"SoRosictoldDadaSglyabOUtaPanda,atiger,andaIioit”可知，所以罗西给爸爸说了一个关于朦猫、老虎和狮子的故事。故选B，5 .细书理解题根据"Dadlovedthestoryandhefellasleepwithasmileonhistcc."可知.爸爸很喜欢这个故小，他面带微笑睡着了，故选A。（2023辽宁抚顺统考中考真题）WatchingvideosisbecomingaParlofourdailylife.Mos<ofusliketowatchthemtorelaxorkillthetime.Solnevideosarejustforfun.somearenewsandsomeareshortfilms.TVoretired（退休的）Ieachersarewell-knownformakingshortvideos.TheymakeIhemlO$1UMtknowledge.WuYurcnisaretiredphysicsteacher.Shehasbecomeknownas“GrandmaWue,bymakingvideos.Sheusesahumorousandeasy-（o-undersutndWayK）dophysicsexperiments（实粉）online.SheisgoodatusingeveydaytoolstoexperiencethemagicalWQridofscience.ShewantsyoungpeopletobecuriousHboUtdailylife.Inthisway.youngpeopleenjoyfindingout（heknowledgeofSCiel）Cehiddeninourlife.Wuismore（han70yearsoldnowbutstillworkshard.WangPinxianisan87-ycar-oldmarinegeologist（海洋地侦学家）andteacheratTbngjiUniversity.Duringthepasttwoyears,hehasusedhisvideoslsharehisknowledgeofthesea.HeoftenstudiesthingslikethesecretsoftheBcnnuda,rianglc（百慕大二角）andwhethertherearcseamonsters（怪物）inthesea.ThesevideoshavebeenpopularandthousandsofPeOPlClvewatchedandSharVdlhe11.Manyfansexpresstheirthanksforthechancetolearnnewthingsandstayintouchwiththeworldaroundthem.Thcirvideosarclikeclassroomswithoutwallsanduniversitieswithoutbarriers（障碍）".Thetwogray-hairedPeOPIehavecreatedrealenerg义能ht）tosocietythroughtheiractions.1. ）nIhCsecondparagraph（段落）lhc（woteachersshareknowledgeby.A.givingfreeclassesB.（cachinginthecountrjsidcC.makingshortvideosD.goingbacktoUniVCniilieS2. ThCunderlinedphrase（Sfiifi）“becu11ousabout"inParagraph3means"二A.bethankfulforB.becomencnfousaboutC.bebusywithD.becomeinterestedin3. AccordingtoParagraph3andParagraph4.theirvideosarcabout.A.scienceB.musicC.historyD.English4. Wecanknowthatthe（woteachersarcbothfromlhcpassage.A.overseventyB.filmdirectorsC.ShyPeOPICD.booklovers5. Themainideaofthepassageisthat.A. shortvideoscanhelppeoplerelaxandkillthetimeB. howthetwooldpeoplecreaterealenergy（oSoCieIyC. IouofoldpeopleenjoytheknowledgeofscienceD. howphysicsexperimentscansolvedailyproblems【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.A5,B【导语】本文主要介绍两位退休致加制作短视频在网上分享知识.1 .细1,理邮题。根据"TwoMircd（迟休的）leathersarewell-knownformakingshortvideos.TbeymakeIhenlIOSharCknOWkdg可知.两位退休教师以制作短视短而闻名.来分享知识.故选C.2 .词旬加测SS.分析“SheisgoodatusingCVCrydaytoolstoexperiencethemagicalworidofscience.Shewantsyoungpeopleu>becuriousaboutdailylife.Inthisway.youngpeopleenjoyfindingoullheknowledgeofsciencehiddenm。UrhfCj可知,她善于用H常的工具去体5金科学的神奇世界,通过这种方式,年轻人喜欢发现隐藏在我们生活中的科学知识，由此推知,是想.让年轻人对Fl常生活感兴趣，故选D。3 .细节理解Sfl,极XrInthisway,youngpeopleenjoyfindingouttheknowledgeofsciencehiddeninourIitc/'和“During（hepasttwoyears,hehasusedhisvideos（osharehisknowledgeoftheSea可知，:人分子的视频都是关于科学方面的故选A,46