大题预测 03阅读训练（第3组）（解析版）.docx

大题预测03阅读训练（第三组）（建议用时：40分钟满分：50分）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2024河北石家庄校联考三模）Herearethebooksthatoftenappearonhigh-schoolreadinglistsfor12th-gradestudents,andareoftendiscussedingreaterdepthincollegeliteraturecourses.Thebooksonthislistareimportantintroductionstoworldliterature.TheSeagullByAntonChekhovPrice:$40.4Thebookisascene-oMifreadsetintheRussiancountrysideattheendofthe19thcentury.Allcharactersaredissatisfiedwiththeirlives.Somewantlove.Somewantsuccess.Noone,however,everseemstogethappiness.SomepeopleviewTheSeagullasatragic（悲剧的）playaboutalwaysunhappypeople.Othersseeitasahumorousandbitterbook,makingfunofhumans,foolishness.CandidcByVoltairePrice:$48.6VbltaireoffershisviewofsocietyinCandide.Thebookwaspublishedin1759,anditisoftenconsideredheauthor,smostimportantwork.Asimple-mindedyoungman,Candideissurehisworldisthebestofallworlds,butatriparoundtheworldopenshiseyesaboutwhathebelievestobetrue.JaneEyreByCharlotteBrontePrice:$128.6CharlotteBronte,sheroinewasoneofthefirstinEnglishliteraturetoserveasfirst-personnarrator（讲述者）ofherownlifestory.Janefallsinlovewitharichman,Rochester,butonherownterms,andonlyafterhehasprovenhimselfworthyofher.TheBluestEyeByTbniMorrisonPrice:$28.6IttellsastoryofPecolaBreedlove,ayoungAfricanAmericangirlwhodreamsofhavingblueeyes-asignofacceptanceinaworldruledbywhiteconceptionsofbeauty.21. WhatisspecialaboutTheSeagull?A. Peoplehavedifferentideasaboutit.B. Charactersinitarehappywiththeirlife.C. Allcharactersmaketheirdreamstruefinally.D. IttellsthelifeinAmericaattheendofthe19thcentury.22. WhatchangesCandide,sideaaboutawonderfulworld?A.Thebadluckhemetinlife.B.Abookhereadaccidentally.C.Ajourneyaroundtheworld.D.Adreamhehadatnight.23. Whichwouldyouchooseifyouwanttoreadagirldreamingofbecomingbeautiful?A.TheSeagull.B.Candide.C.JaneEyre.D.TheBluestEye.【答案】21.A22.C23.D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了适合高三学生阅读的四本书。21 .细节理解题。根据TheSeaguIl部分的“SomepeopleviewTheSeagullasatragicplayaboutalwaysunhappypeople.Othersseeitasahumorousandbitterbook,makingfunofhumans,fbolishness.（有些人认为海鸥是一部关于不幸的人的悲剧。其他人则认为这是一本幽默而苦涩的书，嘲笑人类的愚蕊。）可知，有人把这本书看成是不幸的人的悲剧，有人把它看成是对人类愚蠢的嘲弄。由此可知，海鸥的特别之处是人们对此有不同的看法。故选A项。22 .细节理解题。根据Candide部分的“Asimple-mindedyoungman,Candideissurehisworldisthebestofallworlds,butatriparoundtheworldopenshiseyesaboutwhathebelievestobetruc.M（Candidc是一个头脑简单的年轻人，他坚信自己的世界是世界上最好的，但一次环球旅行让他看到了他所相信的真实。）可知，是一次环球旅行让Candide改变了对对美好世界的看法。故选C项。23 .推理判断题。根据TheBluestEye部分的“htellsastoryofPecolaBreedlove,ayoungAfricanAmericangirlwhodreamsofhavingblueeyes-asignofacceptanceinaworldruledbywhiteconceptionsofbeauty.（它讲述了一个年轻的非裔美国女孩佩科拉布里德洛夫的故事，她梦想拥有一双蓝眼睛这是一个被白人美的观念所统治的世界所接受的标志。）可知，这是一本关于一个女孩想把眼睛变成白人认为的美丽的蓝眼睛的故事。由此可推知，如果你想读个关于梦想变漂亮的女孩的故事，你会选择TheBIUeSIEye这本书。故选D项。B（2024福建漳州统考二模）Fourteen-year-oldPeteroftengetshelpfultipsfromhisBigBrother,Paul,a32-year-oldcomputerprogrammer,isnotPeter'sbrother.Instead,heishismentorthroughaneducationprogramcalled“BigBrothersBigSisters”.PaulandPeterhavebeenBigBrotherand1.ittleBrotherforIyear.Previously,theymetconstantly.TheywouldgotoStarbucks,walkthroughdifferentdistrictsofthecityorplaygames.WhenCOVID-19startedspreading,therelationshiphadtogocompletelyvirtualtoensuretheirhealthandsecurity.Nowthingsgetbetterandtheymeetmore.Whenschoolisfrustrating（令人沮丧的），PctcrtextsPaulandgetsmotivated.Whenhedoesn'tunderstandamathproblem,heasksPaulforhelp.PaulevengavePeteradviceonavoidingbeingdistractedwhilehavinglessonsonlineathome,whereheliveswithfourbrothersandtheytalk,playandfightallinonespace.OlderthanPeter,Paulhashadmorelifeexperiences.HehelpsPeterseethingspositivelyfromdifferentpointsofview,buthenevermakesdecisionsforPeter.Petersaid,44Paulmakessuchafar-reachingdifferencetomylife,inmyeducationoutsideschoolinparticular."PaulsaidPeterhadaneffectonhimlikewise,sayingthathislifewasenriched,ifyouwantself-improvement,joininthisprogram.Really,it'sinpracticeajobworthdoing.dliketobealifelongBig.BrotherofPeter,andmorekids.”Askedhowitstarted,Paulsaidwhenhereturnedfromabroadsevenyearsago,hestartedlookingforwaystohelphiscommunity.Thenheaccidentallyfoundtheprogram.Theprogrammakesthemostappropriatematches.Kidsfromages6to18cancontinuetogethelpuntiltheyturn21.Atpresent.BigBrothersBigSistershasabout1300kidspairedwithmentorslocally.24. Whichistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“mentor“inParagraph1?A.Instructor.B.Researcher.C.1.earner.D.Expert.25. WhattroubledPetermostwhenhestudiedathome?A. Itwasdifficultforhimtostayfocused.B. Hisbrotherswantedtousehiscomputer.C. Hewantedtotalkandplaywithhisbrothers.D. Healwayshadtroublewithhismathhomework.26. Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.PaulwillleavePeterwhenheis20.B.PeterandPaulwerecarefullymatched.C.PaulmakesPeter,slifeevenmoredifficult.D.PeterdependsonPausadvicetomakedecisions.27. Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.PeterandhisbigbrotherB.Howtomakeagreatmatch.C.BigBrothersBigSistersprogramD.Newwaystohelpyourcommunity【答案】24.A25.A26.B27.A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了共同参与“BigBrothersBigSiSterS”教育项目的Peter和Paul被匹配在一起的故事。24 .词句猜测题。根据第三段“Whenhedoesn'tunderstandamathproblem,heasksPaulforhelp.（当他不懂一道数学题时，他就向Paul求助。）”和文章第四段“0IderlhanPeter,Paulhashadmorelifeexperiences.HehelpsPeterseethingspositivelyfromdifferentpointsofview,buthenevermakesdecisionsforPeter.（Paul比彼得年长，有更多的人生经历。他帮助Peter从不同的角度积极地看待问题，但他从不替Peter做决定。户可知，划线词所在句子表示相反，PauI通过一个名为“BigBrothersBigSiSterS”的教育项目成为Peter的导师。由此可知，menlor意为“导师故选A。25 .推理判断题。根据文章第三段“PaulevengavePeteradviceonavoidingbeingdistractedwhilehavinglessonsonlineathome,whereheliveswithfourbrothersandtheytalk,playandfightallinonespace.（Paul甚至给了Peter建议，让他不要在家里上网上课时分心。他和四个兄弟住在一起，他们在一个空间里聊天、玩耍和打架。）“可推知，PeIei在家学习时最大的困扰是他难以集中注意力。故选A。26 .细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Theprogrammakesthemostappropriatematches该项目会做最合适的匹配。）”可知，Peter和PaUl是被精心匹配的。故选B。27 .主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了共同参与“BigBrothersBigSiSters”教育项目的Peter和Paul被匹配在,起的故再。A项：PeIerandhiSbigbrolher（Peler和他的大哥哥）是最佳标题。故选A。C（2024湖南岳阳统考一模）Ifthisyear,sturkeyseemsoversalty,blameyourbrain.Thequestionofwhensaltinessbecomestoosaltyisdecidedbyaspecialsetofneurons（神经元）inthefrontofthebrainwhileaseparatesetofneuronsinthebackofthebrainadjustsyourappetiteforsalt,whichtheresearchersshowedinaseriesofexperimentsonmice.“Wearehappytodrinksodas,sportsdrinks,andeventapwaterthatcontainalittlesalt.Butifyouimagineaveryhighconcentrationofsodiumlikeoceanwater,youreallyhateit.,saysYukiOka,anauthorofthestudyandaprofessorofbiologyatCaltech.Thishatredtosupersaltyfoodsanddrinksholdsunlessyourbodyisreallylowonsaltsomethingthat,sprettyrareinpeoplethesedays.Butexperimentswithmicefoundthatwhensaltlevelsdropsharply,thetoleranceforsaltywatergoesup.Thereasonforthischangeinvolvesatleasttwodifferentinteractionsbetweenthebodyandbrain.Whenthesodiuminthebloodstreambeginstofallbelowhealthylevels,asetofneuronsinthebackofthebrainrespondbydialingupananimasdesireforsalt.Meanwhile,adifferentsetofneuronsinthefrontofthebrainmonitorsthesaltinessofanyfoodorwaterthemiceareconsuming.Andusually,theseneuronswillsetanupperlimitonsaltiness.Butwhensaltlevelsgetextremelylow,thebodysendsasignalthatissuperiortothesesalt-limitingneurons,whichallowsmicetotoleratethesaltinessofseawater.Thenewstudyalsofoundevidencethatthebraincellsinvolvedinsalttolerancerespondtohormone-likesubstancescalledprostaglandins.Thesesubstances,whichcirculateinthebloodstream,arebestknownfortheirroleincausinginflammation,fever,andpain.Nowit,sbecomingincreasinglyclearthattheyalsoplayaroleinalteringsalttolerance.44Warswerefoughtoversaltjustafewcenturiesago,andatleastonepreviouseffortfailedbadly,forasimplereason-awfultaste."saysStephen1.iberles,aprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatoratHarvardMedicalSchool.44Sofindingabetteroptionmayrequiremorethanjustresearchonhowthebrainmonitorssaltintake.Scientistsalsoneedtounderstandhowthatsubstitutewillinteractwithourtastesense.”28.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph2?A.Thequestionoffeelingsalty.B.ThedesignofYukika,sexperiment.C.Theconsequencesoffeelingoversalty.D.Theunderlyingreasonforfeelingtoosalty.29. Wemightdesireaveryhighconcentrationofsodiumlikeoceanwaterwhen.A. thesodiuminIhebloodstreambeginstodropslightlyB. neuronsinthefrontofthebrainmonitorsthesaltinessC. neuronsinthebackofthebrainrespondstoratherlowsaltlevelD. bodysendsasignalthatisinferiortothesesalt-limitingneurons30. WhatistheStephen1.iberles,attitudetowardYukiOka,sstudies?A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Objective.31. Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?1 .Saltymuch?Thebraincellsdecide!B.Saltyornot?Thesodiumdominates!2 .Toosalty?Itisthesalttolerancetrick!D.RatherSalty?Itdependsonyourbackbrain!【答案】28.D29.C30.D31.A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类感知咸味的秘密在于脑细胞，解释了相关研究以及研究发现。28 .推理判断题。根据第二段“Thequestionofwhensaltinessbecomestoosaltyisdecidedbyaspecialsetofneurons（神经元）inthefrontofthebrainwhileaseparatesetofneuronsinthebackofthebrainadjustsyourappetiteforsalt,whichtheresearchersshowedinaseriesofexperimentsonmice.（当咸度变得太咸时，这个问题是由大脑前部的一组特殊神经元决定的，而大脑后部的一组单独的神经元调节你对盐的食欲，研究人员在老鼠身上进行了一系列实验）“可知，从第二段我们能了解到感觉太咸的根本的原因。故选D。29 .细节理解题。根据第四段“Whenthesodiuminthebloodstreambeginstofallbelowhealthylevels,asetofneuronsinthebackofthebrainrespondbydialingupananimasdesireforsalt.（当血液中的钠含量开始低于健康水平时，大脑后部的一组神经元就会做出反应，唤起动物对盐的渴望）”可知，当大脑后部的神经元对相当低的盐水平做出反应时，我们可能渴望像海水一样高浓度的钠。故选30 .推理判断题。根据最后段”"Warswerefoughtoversaltjustafewcenturiesago,andatleastonepreviouseffortfailedbadly,forasimplereason-awfultaste."saysStephen1.iberles,aprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatoratHanardMedicalSchool.ttSofindingabetteroptionmayrequiremorethanjustresearchonhowthebrainmonitorssaltintake.ScientistsalsoneedtounderstandhowthatsubstitutewillinteractWiIhOUrtaSteSenSe.'（"就在几个世纪前，人们还为盐而战，至少之前的次努力失败了，原因很简单味道太差。哈佛医学院霍华德休斯医学研究所研究员、教授斯蒂芬利伯勒斯说。“因此，找到一个更好的选择可能需要的不仅仅是研究大脑如何监测盐的摄入量。科学家还需要了解这种替代品是如何与我们的味觉相互作用的。可推知，SIePhen1.iberleS对YUkioka研究的态度是“客观的”。故选D。31 .主旨大意题。结合文章的第段“IfIhisyear'sIurkeyseemsoversally,blameyourbrain.（如果今年的火鸡看起来太咸了，那就怪你的大脑了）“、第二段"Thequestionofwhensaltinessbecomestoosaltyisdecidedbyaspecialsetofneurons（神经元）inthefrontofthebrainwhileaseparatesetofneuronsinthebackofthebrainadjustsyourappetiteforsalt,whichtheresearchersshowedinaseriesofexperimentsonmice.（当咸度变得太咸时,这个问题是由大脑前部的一组特殊神经元决定的，而大脑后部的一组单独的神经元调节你对盐的食欲，研究人员在老鼠身上进行了系列实验）“可知感知咸味是与大脑中的细胞有关，文章也是围绕这个主题展开的。A选项“咸吗？脑细胞决定！”最符合文章标题。故选A。D（2024广东佛山统考模）AChinaplanestruckabirdaftertakingoffinChengdu,Sichuan,andhadtoimmediatelyreturntotheairportlastOctober,anditwasn'tthefirstaccidentbetweenanaircraftandabirdlastyear.Infact,morethan20,000wildlifestrikeswithaircraftwerereportedworldwidein2023-thevastmajorityofthoseanimalsbeingbirds.Thestrikescanalsoincluderun-inswithbatsorcreaturesontheground,suchasdeerorturtles.Expandingwildlifepopulations,increasesinnumberofaircraftmovements,andatrendtowardfasterandquieteraircraftallhavecontributedtotheincreaseinwildlifestrikes.Birdstrikesareahazardnotjusttocommercialairplanes,buttoallsortsofaircraft.However,historicaldatashowsthatdamageisreportedinasmallpercentageofincidents.1.astyear,95%oftheglobalstrikesinvolvedsomekindofdamageandonly5%ofthosecausedtsubstantia,damage.Someofthemostdisturbingtypesofstrikescanhappenwhenoneormorebirdsgointoaplane,sengine,whichmightcausealotofdamagetotheaircraft.Thepilotwouldneedtoreturntotheairportorfindasafeplacetoland.InlastOctober'sChinaplaneincident,theBeijing-boundflightwasabletolandnormallyinChengduaftertakingintoaccountwhattheairlinedescribedassecurityconcerns.SeniorcaptainChenJianguosaidpilotsaretrainedonhowtorespondiftheyhaveabirdstrikeinflight.Thepilotinthiscasedidexactlywhathewastrainedtodo.44Therearelotsofthingsthatarebeingusedbyairportstotrytomanagethehabitatandbirdsaroundtheairport,“saidChenJianguo.Airportsneedtomanagebirdhabitatstoreduceorgetridoftreesandplantsthatshelterbirds,oraddresswetlandsthatcanattractbirds.Collectingdataonwhatkindsofbirdsareinvolvedinstrikesisequallyimportantsotheriskscanbetterbemanaged.Manyairportsalsouseaudiblesignalstoscarebirdsaway,suchasthesoundsoffireworks.32. Whatisacauseoftheincreaseinwildlifestrikes?A. Thepoorlydesignedaircraft.B. Thegrowingnumberofbirds.C.Thedestructionofwildlifehabitats.D.Theabsenceofenvironmentalawareness.33. WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph3probablymean?A.Danger.B.Delay.C.Accident.D.Reminder.34. Whatdoesthehistoricaldatatellusaboutbirdstrikes?A. Theyarearareoccurrence.B. Theyusuallydamageengines.C. Mostofthemcauseslightdamage.D. Mostoftheminvolveonesinglebird.35. Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A. Waystostudybirdbehavior.B. Measurestodrivebirdsaway.C. Effortstorestorebirdhabitat.D. Attemptstotakecareofbirds.【答案】32.B33.A34.C35.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了野生动物袭击飞机的事件，包括其袭击者、起因、造成的损坏，以及机场方面应对和减少这种事件的方法。32 .细节理解题。根据第二段中“Expandingwildlifepopulations,increasesinnumberofaircraftmovements,andatrendtowardfasterandquieteraircraftallhavecontributedtotheincreaseinwildlifeStrikeS.（野生动物数量的增加，飞机起降次数的增加，以及飞机速度更快、噪音更小的趋势，都导致了野生动物袭击事件的增加）“可知，野生动物袭击事件的增加的起因包括鸟类数量的增加。故选B项。33 .词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句的下文“However,historicaldatashowsthatdamageisreportedinasmallPerCentageOfinCidentS.（然而，历史数据显示，只有一小部分事故报告了损坏）“可知，只有一小部分野生动物袭击事件涉及损坏，且此处涉及转折，因此鸟撞事件本身的确对飞机来说是一种危险，但是造成的损坏却不多，hazard意思应该是“危险”，与danger意思相近。故选A项。34 .细节理解题。根据第三段中“However,historicaldatashowsthatdamageisreportedinasmallpercentageofincidents.1.astyear,95%oftheglobalstrikesinvolvedsomekindofdamageandonly5%ofthosecaused“SUbsiantiardamage.（然而，历史数据显示，只有一小部分事故报告了损坏。去年，95%的全球袭击造成了某种程度的损失，其中只有5%造成了“实质性”损失）”可知，大多数鸟撞事件会造成轻微的损害。故选C项。35 .段落大意题根据最后一段中“Therearelotsofthingsthatarebeingusedbyairportstotrytomanagethehabiutandbirdsaroundtheairporl（机场正在使用很多方法来管理机场周围的栖息地和鸟类）”和"Airportsneedtomanagebirdhabitatstoreduceorgetridoftreesandplantsthatshelterbirds,oraddresswetlandsthatcanattractbirds.Collectingdataonwhatkindsofbirdsareinvolvedinstrikesisequallyimportantsotheriskscanbetterbemanaged.Manyaiortsalsouseaudiblesignalstoscarebirdsaway,suchasthesoundsoffireworks.（机场需要管理鸟类栖息地，以减少或消除为鸟类提供庇护地的树木和植物，或者处理可以吸引鸟类的湿地。收集哪些鸟类卷入袭击的数据同样重要，这样可以更好地管理风险。许多机场还使用声音信号来吓跑鸟类，比如烟花的声音）“可知，本段主要介绍了机场管理周围的栖息地和鸟类，以赶走鸟类的各种方法。故选B项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分125分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2023山东德州统考三模）Angeristhemostdestructiveemotion.Whenyouareinatemper,youmakehastyill-considereddecisionsthatyouwillprobablyregret.Youwillalsoregretrecklesslanguagespokenwithoutthought.36Herearesomewaysthatyoucancombatthecausesofanger.37YOUhavetoacceptthatsometimesthingsdogowrongandthatpeoplearenotalwayslovely.Trytoacceptthatotherpeopledobehaveinwaysthatwillmakeyoubothfrustratedandangry.Often,theremightbeanexcellentreasonwhyapersonactedinawaythatyoufoundunacceptable.Realizingthatnooneisperfectisagoodstarttoavoidinggettingangry.38Neitherwilltheybehaveinthesamewaythatyouwouldinagivensituation.Reactingangrilyisahardhabittobreak.Thetrickistoavoidreactingwhenfacedwithasituationthatusuallyangers.Angerisanegativereaction,butinthistypeofsituation,thereisnovalueinreactingbyformingpositivethoughts.39Thisway,yourangerwillnotgettheemotionalfooditneedstosurvive.Don