美国名人 吉他演奏家 莱斯·保罗.docx

美国名人吉他演奏家莱斯保罗1.esPaul,1915-2009:HisElectricGuitarandInventionsChanged20thCenturyPopularMusicplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:09repeatByDanaDemange2009-9-26VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Todaywetellabout1.esPaul,oneofthemostinfluentialpeopleinmodernpopularmusic.Hewasaskillfulguitaristwhoplayedanenergeticmixtureofjazzandcountrysongs.Hewasalsoaninventor.Theelectricguitarandrecordingdeviceshecreatedchangedthesoundofpopularmusicandgreatlyinfluencedrockandroll.(MUSIC)1.esPaulVOICEONE:Thatwasthesong"1.over",firstreleasedinnineteenforty-eight.Tomakethissong,1.esPaullayeredeightrecordingsofhimselfplayingtheelectricguitar.Someofthetrackswererecordedatnormalspeedandsomewererecordedathalfspeed.Playedatnormalspeed,thehalfspeedrecordingssoundtwiceasfast.Thesonggivesagoodexampleof1.esPaul'sexperimentalstyleandinventivespirit.1.esPaulisbestknownforcreatingoneofthefirstsolid-bodyelectricguitarsandtheeight-trackrecordingdevice.Healsoperfectednewrecordingmethodstogivespecialeffectstohismusic.VOICETWO:1.esPaulwasborn1.esterWilliamPolfuss(PO1.1.-fuss)innineteenfifteeninWaukesha,(WAH-kuh-shaw)Wisconsin.Bytheageofnine,hehadtaughthimselftoplaytheharmonicaandhadbuiltaradio.Healsolearnedtoplaytheguitarandbanjo.Hecouldnotreadmusic,buthecouldplaymusicthatheheard.Andhehadagoodsenseofmusicalstructure.1.esPaulwassoonperformingincountrybandsintheMidwest.Helefthighschooltoperformfulltimeonradioshows.Heperformedusingthenames"TheWizardofWaukesha11z"HotRodRed"and"RhubarbRed."HealsostartedplayingmusicinfluencedbygreatjazzguitaristsincludingDjangoReinhardt.Bynineteenthirty-seven,hehadformedthe1.esPaultrio.HemovedtoNewYorkCitythenextyear.1.esPaulplayedwithmanyfamousperformersincludingthepopularsingerBingCrosby.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Aroundnineteenforty-one,1.esPaulinventedhisfamousguitar.Hewantedtomakeaninstrumentthatcouldplayanotelongerthannotesplayedonatraditionalacousticguitar.Hedevelopedanewkindofelectricguitarthathadasolidbody.Onanacousticguitar,thestringsvibrateandthehollowpartoftheinstrument,orthesoundbox,alsovibrates.1.esPaulwantedaninstrumentinwhichonlythestringsvibrated.Makingaguitarwithasolidbodypermittedthesoundofthestringstolastlongerbecausetheirvibratingenergywasnotweakenedbyavibratingsoundbox.Andthisdesignreducedfeedback,anoiseproblemcommonwithacousticguitars.VOICETWO:Tomakehisguitar,1.esPaulattachedguitarstringsandtwoelectronicpickupdevicesontoaflatpieceofwoodfromarailroadtrack.Apickupisadevicethatcapturesthevibrationofthemetalguitarstringsandchangesthemintoelectronicsoundsignals.Hecalledhisnon-vibratingguitarbody"the1.og."Itwasaverystrange-lookinginstrument,sohehiditinsidethebodyofatraditionalguitar.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:1.esPaulsaidthatguitaristscouldplaylouderandtrulyexpressthemselveswiththisnewguitar.Hesaidguitaristscouldbecomesomeofthemostpowerfulpeopleinaband.1.esPaulwasnottheonlypersontomakeasolid-bodyguitar.1.eoFendercreatedanotherversion,theFenderTeIecaster,innineteenforty-eight.VOICETWO:TheGibsonGuitarCompanyhiredPaultodesignaspecial"1.esPaul"guitar.Versionsoftheguitarhecreatedinnineteenfifty-twoarestillhugesellers,eventoday.Someofthetopguitaristsintheworldhaveusedthisguitar.TheyincludeEricClapton,JimmyPagefromtheband1.edZeppelinandSlashfromthebandGunsN'Roses.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Thatwasthesong"VayaConDios"which1.esPaulperformedwithhiswife,singerandguitaristMaryFord.Thetwobeganplayingtogetherinnineteenforty-seven.Thenextyear;1.esPaulhadaseriouscaraccidentthatlefthimwithsevereinjuries.Hisrightarmwascrushed.Onceset,hewouldneverbeabletobendhisarmagain.Hedecidedtohavehisarmsetatananglesothathecouldkeepplayingtheguitar.VOICETWO:Duringthenineteenfifties,1.esPaulandMaryFordrecordedmanyhitsongsincluding"MockingbirdHill"and"HowHightheMoon."MaryFordperformedon1.esPaul'sradioshow.1.atertheyhadatelevisionshow.1.esPaulcontinuedtoexperimentwithdifferentrecordingmethods.Hebuilthisownrecordingstudioinhishouse.Heusedtechnologyandelectroniceffectstoaddaspecialsoundtohismusic.Inthelatenineteenfiftiesheinventedtheeight-trackrecordingmethodknownasmulti-trackrecording.Eachtrackcouldberecordedandchangedseparately,withoutaffectingtheothers.VOICEONE:Bythenineteensixties,1.esPaulandMaryFord'sseriesofhitscametoanendandtheylaterendedtheirmarriage.ButPaulneverstoppedimprovinghisguitarsandothermusicaldevices.Heinventedthe"1.esPaulverizer"devicewhichpermittedaperformertoecho,orrepeat,hisorhermusic.Inthenineteenseventies,1.esPaulmadetworecordswiththecountryguitaristChetAtkins.Onewascalled"Chesterand1.ester."ItwonaGrammyAwardinnineteenseventy-six.Startingintheearlynineteeneighties,PaulbeganplayinginjazzclubsinNewYorkCity.Hekeptonperformingweeklyuntilafewmonthsbeforehisdeath.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:TheRockandRollHallofFamehonored1.esPaulbymakinghimamemberinnineteeneighty-eight.HewasalsoamemberoftheGrammyHallofFame,SongwritersHallofFameandNationalInventorsHallofFame.Hislastrecordwas"1.esPaulandFriends:AmericanMadeWorldPlayed."Itwasreleasedintwothousandfivetoobservehisninetiethbirthday.Onthealbum,1.esPaulplayswithguitargreatsincludingJeffBeckandKeithRichards.ThealbumearnedhimtwomoreGrammyAwards.1.esPauldiedinAugustoftwothousandnine.Hewasninety-fouryearsold.Someoneonceaskedhimifhethoughthewouldstillbeplayingatonehundredyearsold.Hesaidhedidnotseewhynot,aslongaspeopleputupwithhimandhewashavingfun.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyDanaDemange.Fortranscripts,.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.