美国名人 抽象派画家 杰克逊·波洛克.docx

美国名人画家杰克逊波洛克JacksonPollock,1912-1956:HeInventedaNewKindofPaintingplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:32repeatByDanaDemange2010-2-20FAITH1.APIDUS:mFaith1.apidus.BOBDOUGHTY:AndmBobDoughtywithPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wetellaboutthefamousartistJacksonPollockwhohelpedredefinemodernartintheUnitedStates.Pollockinventedanewkindofpaintingthatchangedthewaytheworldlookedatart.(MUSIC)FAITH1.APIDUS:JacksonPollockUntilthetwentiethcenturyzmostpaintingswererepresentational.Thismeansthatartists"represented"theirsubjectsinawaythatwasrealisticandrecognizable.However;duringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury,artistslikeJacksonPollockstartedtoexploreothermethodsofrepresentation.Whenhefirstbeganpainting,JacksonPollockpaintedrepresentationalobjectssuchaspeopleandanimals.However,heisfamousforhelpingtocreateawholenewartmovementcalledAbstractExpressionism.An"abstract"imageisonewherethesubjectisnotrepresentedrealistically.Instead,theartistusescolorandshapestosuggestthemostgeneralqualitiesofthesubject."Expressionism"isakindofartthatexpressesfeelingsandthoughts.AbstractExpressionismisartthatshowsemotionsandideasthroughnon-representationalforms.BOBDOUGHTY:InPollock'smostfamousworks,thereisnorecognizablesubject.Hisartworksarelargesurfacesofcanvascompletelycoveredindifferentcolorsofpaint.However,Pollockdidnotstartoutasarevolutionarypainter.Hedevelopedtheartisticprocesshebecamefamousforovermanyyears.(MUSIC)FAITH1.APIDUS:JacksonPollockwasborninCody,Wyominginnineteentwelve.HegrewupinthestatesofArizonaandCalifornia.Pollocklatersaidthatthewide-openlandofthesewesternareasgreatlyinfluencedhisexpansiveartwork.InnineteenthirtyhemovedeasttoNewYorkCitywherehestudiedattheArtStudents1.eague.There,PollockspentafewyearsstudyingwiththeartistThomasHartBentonwhopaintedimagesofeverydayAmericanlife.Pollock'searlyworksaresimilartohisteacher'skindofpainting.However,Pollockslowlyleftthistraditionalarteducationbehind.BOBDOUGHTY:Pollock'sworkhadmanyotherinfluences.Forexample,helikedagroupofMexicanpainterswhomademurals.Muralsarelargeimagesthattheartistspaintdirectlyontoawall.SomeofthesepainterswereworkinginNewYorkCityinthenineteenthirties,soPollockwasabletoseethemwork.Pollockborrowedseveralmethodsandideasfromtheseartists.Theyincludedtheuseoflargecanvases,themethodoffreelyapplyingpaintandhonoringoldandnewtraditions.FAITH1.APIDUS:PollockwasalsoinfluencedbytheSpanishartistMiro.Mirowaspartofamovementofsurrealistpainters.Surrealistartiststhoughtthattrueartcomesfromapartofthemindcalledtheunconscious.Theunconsciouscontrolstheareaofthemindthatproducesdreams.Pollockagreedwiththeseartiststhattheunconsciousmindwasanimportantforceincreatingart.Also,whenhewasinhislatetwenties,Pollocksufferedamentalbreakdown.Itwascausedinpartbydepressionanddependenceonalcohol.Asaresult,hewastreatedbyaJungianpsychoanalyst.Thisisaspecialkindofexpertinemotionalhealthwhoworkstounderstandtheunconsciousmind,dreams,andemotions.Pollockwasinfluencedbythiskindofinvestigationofhumanrelationsandemotions.This"insideworld"wouldbecomethesubjectofhispaintings.BOBDOUGHTY:"YellowzGrey,Black"Innineteenforty-four;Pollockmarried1.eeKrasnerwhowasalsoaskilledAbstractExpressionistpainter.ThenextyeartheymovedtoEastHampton,asmalltownon1.ongIslandinthestateofNewYork.ThecouplewantedtogetawayfromthebusylifeofNewYorkCity.Inthiscountryenvironmenttheycouldenjoynatureandhavemoretimetoworkontheirart.NexttotheirhousePollocksetupastudiobuildingwherehecouldcreatehisartwork.InthislargestudioPollockcreatedthepaintingsthatwouldmakehimfamous.(MUSIC)FAITH1.APIDUS:DuringtheseyearsJacksonPollockstartedtopaintinacompletelynewway.Hecreatedartthatwasveryphysical.Infact,hismethodissometimescalled"actionpainting".Mostartistspaintedonasurfacethatstooduprightorvertical.ButPollockputhislargecanvasesonthefloorsothathecouldmovearoundallfoursidesofhiswork.Healsousedveryliquidpaintssothathecouldeasilydropthepaintontohiscanvases.This"dripping"methodallowedhimtomakeenergeticworks.Hispaintingsareexplosionsofcurvinglines,shapesandcolors.Inhisartyoucanseeeverymovementthathisarmmade.Youcanseehowhehadtomovehisbodyaroundthecanvas.VideosofPollockpaintingshowthisprocess,whichlookslikeapainterlydance.BOBDOUGHTY:Unlikeotherartists,JacksonPollockdidnotplanthewayhewantedhispaintingstolook.Manyartistsplantheirworksbymakingsmalldrawingsbeforepainting.Pollockdevelopedwhathecalleda"directmethod/'applyingthepaintdirectlyontoanemptycanvas.Hepaintedbyfollowinghisimmediatethoughtsandemotions.Pollockcombinedcarefulmovementwithexactcolorandline.Thoughhispaintingsappearaccidental,theyrequiredcarefulcontrol.HereisarecordingofPollockdescribinghiswayofpainting.ItwastakenfromamovietheBritishBroadcastingCorporationmadeabouttheartistinnineteenninety-nine.JACKSONPO1.1.OCK:"SometimesIuseabrushbutoftenpreferusingastick.SometimesIpourthepaintstraightoutofthecan.Iliketouseadripping,fluidpaint.Amethodofpaintingisanaturalgrowthoutofaneed.Iwanttoexpressmyfeelingsratherthanillustratethem."FAITH1.APIDUS:AsPollocksaid,hewantedtocreateartthatwasavisualrepresentationofthemotionandenergyofhis"insideworld."Hewasonceaskedwhyhedidnotpaintpicturesofobjectspeoplecouldidentify.Heansweredthatifyouwantedtoseeaflower,youcouldgolookatarealone.Hesaidthatwhatinterestedhimwasnotoutsideobjects.Pollock'sworkswerebothpraisedandcriticized.Hispaintingswereinseveralshowsingalleriesinthemiddlenineteenforties.However;Pollockdidnotproducehisfullyabstract"drip',paintingsuntillater.Innineteen-fiftyzthepublicsawtheseworksatBettyParson'sGalleryinNewYork.SomeartcriticssaidthiswasoneofthebestshowsoftheyearandthatPollockwasoneofthegreatestpaintersinAmerica.Othersdidnotunderstandhiswork.OnecriticsaidthatPollock'sartshowedchaos-completedisorderwithoutanymethod.BOBDOUGHTY:"1.avenderMistnbyPollockToday,Pollock'sworkssellformillionsofdollars.Butonlyonepaintingsoldatthisshow.Itwasafamousworkcalled"1.avenderMist".ThispaintingnowhangsintheNationalGalleryofArtinWashington,D.C,"1.avenderMist"representsperfectlywhatwassointerestingaboutPollock'swork.Thecanvasismorethantwometerstallandalmostthreemeterslong.Theentiresurfaceiscoveredinsmallriversofwhite,black,greyzyellow,brownandpinkpaint.Thesecolorsandlinescreateapaintingthatisfullofvisualenergy.FAITH1.APIDUS:Interestingly,thereisnolavender,orlightpurple,colorpaintinthiswork.OneofPollock'sfriendssuggestedthenamebecausethemanyothercolorsofpaintcreatedanatmosphericeffectthatlookedlikelavendermist.Usually,Pollockwouldsimplynamehispaintingswithanumberandadate.Hedidnotwantthetitlestoexplaintoviewerswhattoseewhentheylookedathiswork.Withpaintingslike"1.avenderMist"JacksonPollockhelpedintroducetheworldtoawholenewwayofpaintingandthinkingaboutart.Buthedidnotliveverylong.Hediedinacaraccidentinnineteenfifty-sixattheageofforty-four.(MUSIC)BOBDOUGHTY:ThehomeinEastHampton,NewYorkwhereJacksonPollocklivedwithhiswife1.eeKrasnerisnowamuseum.Atthisspecialplaceyoucanseetheroomswheretheseartistslived.Mostimportantly,youcanseethestudiowherePollockandKrasnercreatedtheirwork.OnthefloorofthestudioistheevidenceofyearsandyearsofPollock'sthrownpaint.ThefloorlooksjustlikeoneofPollock'spaintings.Expertssaythismuseumisaculturaltreasure.ItistheplacewhereJacksonPollockhelpedintroducetheworldtoAbstractExpressionism.PollockhelpedbreakthetraditionalrulesofrepresentationandestablishedAmericaasanimportantcenterformodernart.FAITH1.APIDUS:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyDanaDemange.mFaith1.apidus.BOBDOUGHTY:AndmBobDoughty.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.