美国名人 国际特殊奥运会组织的创始人 尤尼斯·肯尼迪·施莱佛.docx

美国名人国际特殊奥运会组织的创始人尤尼斯肯尼迪施莱佛EuniceKennedyShriver,1921-2009:SheChangedtheWorldforPeopleWithMentalDisabilitiesplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:24repeatByDanaDemange2009-8-22VOICEONE:mFaith1.apidus.VOICETWO:EuniceKennedyShriverAndmBobDoughtywithPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutEuniceKennedyShriver.ShewasamemberofoneofthemostfamousfamiliesinAmericanpolitics.Sheusedherinfluencetomakeadifferenceinthelivesofmillionsofpeople.Thoughsheneverranforoffice,shespentherlifeenergeticallyworkingtoimprovethelivesofpeoplewithdevelopmentalproblems.EuniceShriverwasbestknownforcreatingtheSpecialOlympics,anathleticeventforpeoplewithmentaldisabilities.Hereffortschangedthewaytheworldthinksaboutthementallydisabled.EUNICESHRIVER:"Youarethestarsandtheworldiswatchingyou.Byyourpresence,yousendamessagetoeveryvillage,everycity,everynation.Amessageofhope,amessageofvictory.Therighttoplayonanyplayingfield.Youhaveearnedit.Therighttostudyinanyschool.Youhaveearnedit.Therighttoholdajob?Youhaveearnedit.Therighttobeanyone'sneighbor.Youhaveearnedit."VOICEONE:ThatwasEuniceKennedyShriverspeakingatthenineteeneighty-sevenSpecialOlympicsgamesinSouthBend,Indiana.Shewasathinandenergeticwomanwithahugesmileandgreatspirit.Mrs.Shriverofficiallybecameinvolvedinhelpingpeoplewithdevelopmentalproblemswhenshebecametheexecutivevice-presidentofafamilyorganizationinnineteenfifty-seven.TheJosephP.KennedyJuniorFoundationwascreatedinnineteenforty-sixtohonorheroldestbrother,whodiedfightinginWorldWarTwo.Underherguidance,thefoundationturneditsattentiontostudyingthecausesofmentaldisabilities.ltalsosoughttoimprovethewaysocietytreatspeoplewithsuchdisabilities.ThefoundationalsostartedcentersforthestudyofmedicalethicsatHarvardUniversityandGeorgetownUniversity.VOICETWO:EuniceShriverandherfamilyhadapersonalreasontobeinterestedinthisissue.Heroldersister,RosemaryKennedy,wasbornmentallyretarded.AsRosemarygrewolder,shebecameincreasinglydifficulttolivewithandsupervise.Whenshewasinhertwenties,herfatherarrangedforhertohaveanoperationonherbraintoimprovehermentalcondition.Buttheoperationlefthercompletelydisabled.Herfamilylatersenthertoacarecenterwheresheliveduntilherdeathintwothousandfive.VOICEONE:Inthepastzmentaldisabilitywasgenerallytreatedasashamefulandhopelessdisease.Manyfamiliessecretlysenttheirdisabledchildrentogrowupininstitutions.And,therewerealmostnocommunityactivities,resourcesorjobsforthementallydisabled.Theywereshutawaywithlittlerespectandfewcivilrights.EuniceShriverchangedthis.Sheshowedtheworldthatthementallydisabledcouldbeusefulcitizensenjoyingrichlives.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:EuniceMaryKennedywasborninBrookline,Massachusettsinnineteentwenty-one.ShewasthefifthofninechildrenborntotheIrishCatholicfamilyofJosephandRoseKennedy.HergrandfatherwasJohnFitzgeraldwhoservedasmayorofBoston,Massachusettsandasalawmaker.Eunice'sfatherwasawealthybusinessmanwithpowerfulconnections.TheKennedysraisedtheirchildrentobehighlyintelligentandhighlycompetitive.VOICEONE:EuniceKennedyShriveroncesaidthatherfather'sadvicetohischildrenwastowin.Hesaidthatcominginsecondorthirddidnotcount,butonehadtowin,win,win.MisterKennedyalsotoldhisfriendsthathissonswouldonedayrunforpresident.And,hewasright.PresidentJohnKennedyandEuniceKennedyShriverJohnF.Kennedybecamepresidentinnineteensixty-oneandserveduntilhismurdertwoyearslater.RobertKennedy,asenator;ranforpresidentinnineteensixty-eightandwaskilledthatsameyear.EdwardKennedyneverwonthepresidency,butbecamealong-servingandimportantmemberoftheUnitedStatesSenate.VOICETWO:EuniceShriveralsocarriedonthefamilytraditionofpublicservice.Shegraduatedinnineteenforty-threewithasociologydegreefromStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.Sheworkedfordifferentorganizationsasasocialworkerbeforeworkingforherfamily'sfoundation.Overtheyears,shealsoworkedforthepoliticalcampaignsofherbrothers,John,RobertandEdward.Innineteenfifty-three,shemarriedR.SargentShriver.Theyhadfivechildren:Robert,Maria,Timothy,MarkandAnthony.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:UndertheadministrationofJohnF.Kennedy,EuniceShrivercontinuedherworkforherfoundation.Sheinfluencedherbrothertocreateacommitteetostudydevelopmentaldisabilities.ThiseffortledtothecreationoftheNationalInstituteofChildHealthandHumanDevelopmentattheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Innineteensixty-two,Mrs.ShriverpublishedanimportantarticleintheSaturdayEveningPostcalled"HopeforRetardedChildren."ShewroteopenlyabouthersisterRosemary'scondition.Foryears,thishadbeenacloselyguardedfamilysecret.EuniceShriverusedRosemaryasanexampleofhownottotreatpeoplewithdisabilities.Instead,shesaidpeoplewithmentaldisabilitiesneededtobetreatedasusefulcitizensandgivenspecialeducationandtraining.Shesaidfamilymembersofdisabledpeoplehadfewresourcesforcommunitysupportormedicalhelp.Shegaveexamplesofparentswhostruggledtomakeabetterlifefortheirdisabledchildren.EUNICEKENNEDYSHRIVER:"Thinkofthefamilies,thinkofthemotherswholovetheirchildrenbutfeelsodesperatelyalone.Theirchildrenhavedonenothingwrong,committednocrimeandperpetuatednoinjustice.Theyaretheworld'smostinnocentvictims,andtheysufferonlybecausetheyaredifferent."VOICETWO:Mrs.Shriveralsoopenedasummercampthatwasfreeofcostformentallyretardedchildren.Theideaforitcamewhenamothertoldherthattherewerenosummercampswhereshecouldsendherdisabledchild.So,EuniceShriverdidsomethingaboutit.ShestartedCampShriveratherhomeinMarylandtogivedisabledchildrenafunsummerprogramfilledwithphysicalactivities.Non-disabledchildrenwerealsowelcometojointhecamp.Shemadesuretherewerealargenumberofworkerstogivethenecessaryattentiontoallthekids.And,sheaskedstudentsfromprivateschoolstovolunteeratthecampashelpers.MizzShriverwasdirectlyinvolvedinallpartsofthecamp.Shewouldoftenswimandplayballwiththechildren.EUNICEKENNEDYSHRIVER:"Don'tkeepthemawayfromsomethingthatcanchangetheirlivesandgivethemanewvisionandgivetheirparentsanewvisionofthem,justbecausetheydon'twantsomeoneinthecommunitytosay,'oh,yourchildisspecial."VOICEONE:Innineteensixty-eight,EuniceShriverorganizedthefirstSpecialOlympicsinChicago,Illinois.EUNICEKENNEDYSHRIVER:"InancientRome,thegladiatorswentintothearenawiththesewordsontheirlips:letmewin,butifIcannotwin,letmebebraveintheattempt."Today,allofyouyoungathletesareinthearena.Manyofyouwillwin.Butevenmoreimportant,Iknowyouwillbebraveandbringcredittoyourparentsandtoyourcountry.1.etusbegintheOlympics,thankyou."Aboutonethousandcompetitorsfromtwenty-sixstatesandCanadatookpartintheevent.Theycompetedinrunning,swimmingandhockey.Theideaofpermittingmentallydisabledpeopletocompeteinsportswasrevolutionaryatthetime.Before,peoplewithspecialneedswereoftenpreventedfromphysicalactivityoutofconcernthattheywouldhurtthemselvesorbeunabletocompete.Mrs.ShriversaidthattheSpecialOlympicsprovedaveryimportantfact:thatexceptionalchildrenwithmentalretardationcanbeexceptionalathletes.Today,theSpecialOlympicshasgrowntoincludeaboutthreemillionathletesinmorethanonehundredfiftycountries.EUNICEKENNEDYSHRIVER:"1.etusnotforgetthatwehavemilestogotooverturntheprejudiceandoppressionfacingtheworld'sonehundredeightymillioncitizenswithintellectualdisabilities."VOICETWO:EuniceKennedyShrivercontinuedtoworkforthedisabledinotherways.ShecreatedanorganizationcalledCommunityforCaring.Itworkstoreduceteenagepregnanciesandeducatestudentsaboutcreatingcaringandrespectfulcommunities.Mrs.Shriverreceivedmanyawardsforherwork.TheseincludetheFrench1.egionofHonorandthePresidentialMedalofFreedom,America'shighestcivilianhonor.Familymembers,includingdaughterMariaShriverandherhusband,CaliforniaGovernorArnoldSchwarzenegger,rearcenterEuniceKennedyShriverdiedinAugustoftwothousandnineafteraseriesofstrokes.Herdaughter'shusband,CaliforniaGovernorArnoldSchwarzenegger,saidthatshewasthelightofthefamily.Andhesaidherpioneeringworkforsocialandscientificimprovementschangedthelivesofmillionsofdevelopmentallydisabledpeopleallovertheworld.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyDanaDemange.Fortranscripts,MP3sandpodcastsofourshows,.mFaith1.apidus.VOICETWO:AndmBobDoughty.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.