美国名人 教育家 玛丽 · 里昂.docx

美国名人教育家玛丽里昂Mary1.yon,1797-1849:A1.eaderinWomen'sEducationinthe19thCenturyplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-17:36repeatByVivianBournazian2010-6-26Photo:www.mtholyoke.eduMary1.yonfeltthatwomen'seducationwasextremelyimportant.FAITH1.APIDUS:WelcometoPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Everyweekatthistime,wetellthestoryofsomeoneimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.Today,SteveEmberandShirleyGriffithtellaboutMary1.yon.Shewasaleaderinwomen'seducationinthenineteenthcentury.(MUSIC)STEVEEMBER:Duringthenineteenthcentury,women'seducationwasnotconsideredimportantintheUnitedStates.Supportersofadvancededucationforwomenfacedmanyproblems.Statesdidrequireeachtowntoprovideaschoolforchildren,butteachersoftenwerepoorlyprepared.Mostyoungwomenwerenotabletocontinueonwiththeireducationinprivateschools.Iftheydid,theyoftenwerenottaughtmuchexcepttheFrenchlanguage,howtosewclothing,andmusic.Mary1.yonfeltthatwomen'seducationwasextremelyimportant.ThroughherlifelongworkforeducationshebecameoneofthemostfamouswomeninnineteenthcenturyAmerica.Shebelievedthatwomenwereteachersbothinthehomeandintheclassroom.And,shebelievedthateffortstobettereducateyoungwomenalsoservedGod.Ifwomenwerebettereducated,shefeltztheycouldteachinlocalschoolsthroughouttheUnitedStatesandinforeigncountries.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Mary1.yonwasborninBuckland,Massachusetts,inseventeenninety-seven.Herfatherdiedwhenshewasfiveyearsold.ForMary,hardworkwasawayoflife.Butshelaterrememberedwithgreatpleasureherchildhoodyearsinthehomewhereshewasborn.Thisishowshedescribedwhatshecouldseefromthathouseonahill:"Thefar-offmountainsinalltheirgrandeur,andthedeepvalleys,andwidelyextendedplains,andmorethanall,thatlittlevillagebelow,containingonlyaveryfewwhitehouses,butmorethanthoseyoungeyeshadeverseen."STEVEEMBER:Attheageoffour,Marybeganwalkingtothenearestschoolseveralkilometersaway.1.ater;shebeganspendingthreemonthsatatimewithfriendsandrelativessoshecouldattendotherareaschools.Shehelpedcleanandcooktopayforherstay.WhenMarywasthirteen,hermotherremarriedandmovedtoanothertown.Marywaslefttocareforherolderbrotherwhoworkedonthefamilyfarm.Hepaidheradollaraweek.Shesavedittopayforhereducation.Mary'sloveoflearningwassostrongthatsheworkedandsavedhersmallamountofpaysoshecouldgotoschoolforanotherfewmonths.Marybeganherfirstteachingjobataone-roomlocalschoolteachingchildrenforthesummer.Shewasseventeenyearsold.Shewaspaidseventy-fivecentsaweek.Shealsowasgivenmealsandaplacetolive.Mary1.yonwasnotaverysuccessfulteacheratfirst.Shedidnothavemuchcontroloverherstudents.Shealwayswasreadytolaughwiththem.Yetshesoonwontheirparents'respectwithherskills.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:WhenMary1.yonwastwentyyearsold,shebeganalongperiodofstudyandteaching.AnewprivateschoolopenedinthevillageofAshfield,Massachusetts.ItwascalledSandersonAcademy.Maryreallywantedtoattend.Shesoldbookcoveringsshehadmade.Andsheusedeverythingshehadsavedfromherpayasateacher.ThiswasenoughforhertobeginattendingSandersonAcademy.AtSandersonzMarybegantostudymoredifficultsubjects.Theseincludedscience,historyand1.atin.AfriendwhowenttoschoolwithMarywroteofher"gainingknowledgebyhandfuls."ItissaidthatMarymemorizedacompletebookaboutthe1.atinlanguageinthreedays.MarylaterwroteitwasatSandersonthatshereceivedthebaseofhereducation.STEVEEMBER:AfterayearatSandersonAcademy,Marydecidedthatherhandwritingwasnotgoodenoughtobereadclearly.Shewasatwenty-one-year-oldwoman.Butshewenttothelocalpublicschoolandsatamongthechildrensoshecouldlearnbetterwritingskills.Ineighteentwenty-one,Mary1.yonwenttoanotherprivateschoolwhereshewastaughtbyReverendJosephEmerson.Marysaidhetalkedtowomen"asiftheyhadbrains,"Shepraisedhisequaltreatmentofmenandwomenwhenitcametoeducatingthem.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Threeyearslater,Mary1.yonopenedaschoolforyoungwomeninthevillageofBuckland.ShecalledittheBucklandFemaleSeminary.Classeswereheldinaroomonthethirdfloorofahouse.Mary'sstudentspraisedherteaching.Sheproposednewwaysofteaching,includingholdingdiscussiongroupswherestudentsexchangeideas.MarysaiditwaswhileteachingatBucklandthatshefirstthoughtoffoundingaprivateschoolopentodaughtersoffarmersandskilledworkers.Shewantededucation,notprofits,tobethemostimportantthingabouttheschool.Atthattime,schoolsofhigherlearningusuallyweresupportedbypeopleinterestedinprofitsfromtheirinvestment.STEVEEMBER:Ineighteentwenty-eight,Marybecamesickwithtyphoidfever.Whenherhealthimproved,shedecidedtoleaveBuckland,theschoolshehadstarted.Shejoinedaclosefriend,ZilpahGrant,whohadbegunanotherprivateschool,IpswichFemaleSeminary.AtIpswich,Marytaughtandwasresponsibleforonehundredthirtystudents.Itwasoneofthebestschoolsatthetime.Butitlackedfinancialsupport.Marysaidthelackofsupportwasbecauseof"goodmen'sfearofgreatnessinwomen,"ZilpahGrantandMary1.yonurgedthatIpswichbeprovidedbuildingssothattheschoolmightbecomepermanent.However,theirappealfailed.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:MaryresignedfromIpswich.Shehelpedtoorganizeanotherprivateschoolforwomen,WheatonFemaleSeminaryinNorton,Massachusetts.Itopenedineighteenthirty-five.Shealsobegantoraisemoneyforherdreamofapermanent,non-profitschoolforthehighereducationofwomen.Thisschoolwouldownitsownproperty.Itwouldbeguidedbyanindependentgroupofdirectors.Itsfinanceswouldbetheresponsibilityofthedirectors,notofinvestorsseekingprofit.Theschoolwouldnotdependonanyonepersontocontinue.And,thestudentswouldshareincleaningandcookingtokeepcostsdown.STEVEEMBER:Mary1.yongotacommitteeofadviserstohelpherinplanningandbuildingtheschool.ShecollectedthefirstthousanddollarsfortheschoolfromwomeninandaroundthetownofIpswich.Atonepoint,sheevenlentthecommitteesomeofherownmoney.Shedidnotearnanymoneyuntilshebecameheadofthenewschool.www.mtholyoke.eduMary1.yonopenedMountHolyokeSeminaryforWomenineighteenthirty-seven.ItwasinthetownofSouthHadley,Massachusetts.Shehadraisedmorethantwelvethousanddollars.Itwasenoughtobuildafive-storybuilding.Fourteachersandthefirstclassofeightyyoungwomenlivedandstudiedinthebuildingwhentheschoolopened.Bythenextyear;thenumberofstudentshadincreasedtoonehundredsixteen.Maryknewtheimportanceofwhathadbeenestablished-thefirstindependentschoolforthehighereducationofwomen.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Theschoolcontinuedtogrow.Morestudentsbegantoattend.Thesizeofthebuildingwasincreased.And,allofthestudentswererequiredtostudyforfouryearsinsteadofthree.Mary1.yonwasheadoftheschoolforalmosttwelveyears.Shediedineighteenforty-nine.Shewasfifty-twoyearsold.Sheleftbehindaschoolofhighereducationforwomen.Ithadnodebt.Andithadsupportforthefutureprovidedbythousandsofdollarsingifts.Ineighteenninety-three,underastatelaw,MountHolyokeFemaleSeminarybecameacollege.MountHolyokeCollegewasthefirstcollegetoofferwomenthesamekindofeducationaswasofferedtomen.STEVEEMBER:PeoplewhohavestudiedMary1.yonsayshewasnotfightingabattleofequalitybetweenmenandwomen.Yetsheknewshewantedmoreforwomen.HereffortsledtothespreadofhighereducationforwomenintheUnitedStates.HistorianssayshewasthestrongestinfluenceontheeducationOfAmericanyoungpeopleduringthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury.HerinfluencelastedasthemanystudentsfromMary1.yon'sschoolswentouttoteachothers.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyVivianBournazian.mShirleyGriffith.STEVEEMBER:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekatthissametimeforanotherPeopleinAmericanprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.