美国名人 画家 玛丽·卡萨特.docx

美国名人画家玛丽卡萨特MaryCassatt,1844-1926:SheBrokeSocialBarrierswithherArtplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:10repeatByDanaDemange2009-7-11VOICEONE:mBobDoughty.VOICETWO:AndI'mFaith1.apiduswithPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutthenineteenthcenturyartistMaryCassatt.Shewasbestknownforherbeautifullyexpressivepaintingsofwomenandchildren.Cassattspentherlifeworkingtochangetraditionalbeliefsaboutartandawoman'sroleinsociety.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MaryCassattwasbornineighteenforty-fournearPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Herfather,Robert,wasawealthyinvestor.Hermother,Katherine,hadadeepknowledgeofbooks,artandtheFrenchlanguage.WhenMarywassevenyearsold,herfamilymovedtoEuropeforseveralyears.AneventroomattheUniversalExhibitionof1855inParisVOICETWO:MisterCassattwantedhischildrentoexperienceEuropeaneducationandculture.TheCassattfamilylivedinParis,FranceforabouttwoyearsbeforemovingtoHeidelberginmoderndayGermany.Ineighteenfifty-five,Mary'sbrotherRobbiedied.MisterCassattdecideditwastimetoreturntotheUnitedStates.Butfirst,thefamilystoppedoncemoreinParis.Itwasanexcitingtimetobeinthatcity.MaryandherfamilyvisitedtheUniversalExhibition.ThiseventshowedthesuccessofFrenchartandindustry.MarywouldhaveseenimportantworksbythemostfamousFrenchartistsofthetime.VOICEONE:Shemightalsohaveseentheworksofarevolutionarypainter,GustaveCourbet.Courbet'sartwascriticizedforitsrealism.So,hewasnotpermittedtoshowhisworkintheexhibit.Instead,hecreatedhisownexhibitspacenearby.AtanearlyageMarysawthedifferentmovementswithintheFrenchartworld.Shewouldonedaybepartofthisworldandwouldmakeherownrebelliousart.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:DuringthenineteenthcenturyintheUnitedStates,wealthywomenusuallydidnothavecareers.Womengenerallylearnedhowtocareforahouse.Theymightlearntoplaymusic,sewandpaint.ButMaryCassattwasdifferent.Shebelievedthathertraininginartwasmuchmorethanafunactivity.Shesawartasherfuture.Ineighteensixty,attheageofseventeen,MarybeganclassesatthePennsylvaniaAcademyoftheFineArts.Herfatherdidnotapproveofherdecisiontobecomeanartist.ButMarydidnotletthisstopher.MaryCassatt'sportraitofherselfVOICEONE:MaryCassattworkedveryhardandwasagoodstudent.Butsherealizedthattobecomeafullytrainedartist,shehadtogotoEuropetostudy.TravelwasimpossibleduringthefouryearAmericanCivilWarthatbeganineighteensixty-one.So,itwasnotuntileighteensixty-sixthatshereturnedtoParis.Forfouryears,MarystudiedinParisandothersmallertownsinFrance.Becauseshewasawoman,shecouldnotstudyattheFrenchAcademyofFineArtsinParis.Instead,shecreatedherownprogramofstudy.VOICETWO:Cassattworkedhardcopyingthegreatpaintingshanginginthe1.ouvremuseum.Shealsostudiedwithdifferentteachers.Ineighteensixty-eight,oneofMaryCassatt'spaintingswasacceptedintotheParisSalon.Thisshowwasoperatedbythegovernment-controlledFrenchAcademyofFineArts.Twoyearslater,theSalonacceptedanotherofherpaintings.Hercareerasasuccessfulartisthadbegun.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Ineighteenseventy,MaryCassattreturnedhometoPennsylvania.Butlifeathomewasnoteasy.HerfatherwasnolongerwillingtosupportMary'sartisticcareer.ShetriedshowingherpaintingsinNewYorkCityzbutnooneboughtthem.SheexhibitedherartinChicago,onlytolosethemallintheGreatChicagoFireofeighteenseventy-one.VOICETWO:1.uckily,areligiouscenterinPittsburgh,PennsylvaniahiredhertocopytwofamousreligiouspaintingsthathunginParma,Italy.MaryCassatthadfoundawaytoreturntoherbelovedEuropeandbepaidtowork.InParmazshesoonbegantoreceivewidecriticalpraiseforherart.VOICEONE:CassattcontinuedtohaveherworksacceptedintheParisSalon.Butshebegantotireofthetraditionalvaluesoftheofficialartworld.TheSalonwasverysetinitsways.Itrejectedworksthatshowedbrightcolors,unusualsubjects,oranyformofexperimentation.Cassatthadtomakeadecision:Wouldshepaintinawaythatreceivedpublicapprovalorinawaythatshefoundinterestingandexciting?ShefoundheranswerinagroupofrebelliouspaintersknownastheImpressionists.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MaryCassattoncesaidthatsheusedtogotoaParisartseller'sshop.ShewouldflattenhernoseagainstthewindowtotakeinallthatshecouldoftheartofEdgarDegas.Shesaidhispaintingschangedherlife.Ineighteenseventy-seven,EdgarDegascametoherstudioandaskedhertojoinhisgroupofartistswhocalledthemselvestheIndependents.ThisgrouplaterbecameknownastheImpressionists.TheseartistsincludedClaudeMonet,AugusteRenoir,andCamillePissarro.Adetailof"AWomanwithaRedZinnia",paintedin1891VOICEONE:DegasandtheotherartistshaddecidedthattheywouldnolongerfollowtherulesandrestrictionsoftheParisSalon.TheseartistsrefusedtosubmitarttotheSalon.Instead,theyformedtheirownexhibitionineighteenseventy-four.Today,theworksinthishistoricalshowaresomeofthemostfamouspaintingsintheworld.Butatthetime,manypeoplecondemnedtheirart.VOICETWO:DegasandtheImpressionistswereinterestedinpaintingtheeffectsoflight,andhowthehumaneyeseessubjects.TheImpressionistsusedbrightcolors,roughbrushstrokesandthickpainttoshowlightandmovementinitsmanyforms.Theyalsopaintedsubjectsofeverydaylife.Traditionalartistsgenerallypaintedimaginedscenesfromhistoryorliterature.MaryCassattsaidthisaboutEdgarDegas'invitationtojointheImpressionists:"Iacceptedwithjoy.Ihatedconventionalart.Ibegantolive."(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CassattspenttwoyearsproducingworkstoshowintheImpressionists'nextexhibitineighteenseventy-nine.Duringthisperiod,herparentsmovedtoParis.Finally,RobertCassatthadacceptedhisdaughter'sskill,andpraisedhergrowingsuccess.VOICETWO:Paintingsfromthisperiodincludeoneofhermotherreadinganewspaper.Itiscalled"Reading1.eFigaro."MaryCassatt'sloosebrushworkskillfullycapturestheeffectofthesunlightintheroom.In"WomanandChildDriving"shemasterstheeffectofoutdoorlightanddrawsattentiontoachild'sglowingface.Herworksshowpeopleinprivatemoments.Hersubjectsactnaturally,andaresometimescaughtinmovement.Adetailoftheprint"MaternalCaress"from1891VOICEONE:MaryCassattdidnotstaywiththeImpressionistsforlong.Shechosefreedomoverbeingpartofasetartmovement.IntheeighteenninetiesCassattstartedtoexperimentwithmakingprints.ShewasinfluencedbyaseriesofprintsfromJapan.Sherepeatedtheirsimplebutverymodernformsinherownprints.Theyinclude"1.aToilette,"animageofawomanbathing.In"MaternalCaress,"afewsimplelinesexpressthedeeploveofamotherforherchild.MaryCassattsoldmanycopiesofherprintswhensheexhibitedtheminParis.And,shewouldcontinuetoexplorethesubjectofmothersandchildreninherpaintings.VOICETWO:In"BabyReachingforanApple"Cassattshowsamothergentlyholdingherchildasthebabylookswithwonderatthefruit."TheBoatingParty"showsamotherandchildinasmallboat.Thediagonalangleofthepaintingisveryboldandinventive.Cassattheldanothersuccessfulexhibitineighteenninety-three.Onecriticsaidthatnoartisthadpainted"thepoemofthefamily"withsuchfeeling.MaryCassatthadbecomeoneofthemostsuccessfulartistsofhertime.Adetailof"TheBoatingParty",paintedaround1893VOICEONE:CassattboughtahouseintheFrenchcountrysideandusedhersuccesstohelpothers.Sheadvisedyoungartists.ShealsohelpedwealthyAmericanartcollectorschoosefineworksofartbyImpressionistpainters.ShebelieveditwasimportantthatAmericansbeabletostudysuchfineartathome.Thankstoherefforts,manyImpressionistpaintingsbecamepartofAmericanartcollections.Cassattalsoworkedhardtosupportwomen'srighttovoteintheUnitedStates.VOICETWO:MaryCassattwonmanytopawards,butsherefusedtoacceptmostofthem.Shesaidshewasanearlymemberofanindependentartmovementandwasagainstjuries,medalsandawards.Cassattcontinuedworkingandtravellingintoherlatesixties.Shelaterwasforcedtostoppaintingbecauseofherfailingeyesight.VOICEONE:MaryCassattdiedinnineteentwenty-sixattheageofeighty-two.Shespentmostofherlifeworkingtochangetraditionalbeliefsaboutart,artistsandawoman'sprofessionalroleinsociety.Today,herpaintingsareinthetopmuseumcollectionsintheworld.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyDanaDemange.mFaith1.apidus.VOICEONE:AndmBobDoughty.Fortranscripts,.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.