美国名人 环保主义者 伯德约翰逊夫人.docx

美国名人环保主义者伯德约翰逊夫人1.adyBirdJohnson1912-2007:FormerFirst1.adyWasanEnvironmentalActivistWhoMadeAmericaMoreBeautifulplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-17:24repeatByDanaDemange2O1O925Photo:lbjlib.org1.yndaBirdJohnson,1.uclBalnesJohnson,PresidentlndonB.Johnson,ladyBirdJohnsonSHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:I'mShirleyGriffith.STEVEEMBER:AndI'mSteveEmberwithPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.Todaywetellabout1.adyBirdJohnson.SheisbestknownforbeingthewifeofPresident1.yndonBainesJohnsonwholedthenationduringthenineteensixties.ButMr$.Johnsonwasalsoaninfluentialenvironmentalactivist,tirelesscampaignerandsuccessfulbusinesswoman.SheshowedgreatstrengthandheroismduringatenseperiodinAmericanhistory.HerworktomakeAmericabeautifulcanstillbeseentodayinfloweringfields,roads,andparksacrossthecountry.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:1.adyBirdJohnsonwasbornClaudiaAltaTaylorinnineteentwelve.TheTaylorfamilylivedinthesmalltownofKarnack,Texas.Gaudia'sfather,ThomasJeffersonTaylor,ownedtwostoresaswellasthousandsofhectaresforcottonproduction.Hermother;MinnieTaylor,diedwhenClaudiawasonlyfiveyearsold.AwomanwhoworkedfortheTaylorfamilygaveClaudiahernickname.AliceTittlesaidthesmallchildwaswaspartyasaladybird."STEVEEMBER:Oaudiahadtwoolderbrotherswhowentawaytoschool.Shespentmanyhoursbyherselfexploringthenaturalbeautyofthefieldsandforestsnearherhome.ShesaidshegrewuplisteningtothewindinthepinetreesoftheEastTexaswoods.Shesaidherheartfounditshomeinthebeauty,mystery,orderanddisorderofthefloweringearth.Claudiaattendedpublicschoolsandworkedhardatherstudies.Butshewasveryshyanddidnotlikeattention.Whenshegraduatedfromhighschool,shehadthethirdhighestgradesintheclass.Shereportedlymadesureshefinishedthirdtoavoidgivingthegraduationspeechrequiredbthetoptwostudentsintheclass.Ibjlib.orgClaudia"1.adyBird"Tayior;ca.early1930,sSHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Innineteenthirty-four1.adyBirdgraduatedfromtheUniversityofTexasInAustinwithdegreesinhistoryandjournalism.Sheplannedtoteachorworkasatheatercritic.Butthenshemetanenergeticcongressionalassistantnamed1.yndonBainesJohnson.TheyoungpoliticianfromTexasaskedhertomarryhimontheirfirstdate.AfterweeksofpressurefromMcJohnson,ladyBirdacceptedhismarriageproposal.HereisMrs.Johnsontalkingaboutherfirstmeetingwithherfuturehusband:1.ADYBIRDJOHNSON:"Wehadabreakfastdate,butwewoundupbyspendingthewholedaytogether,ridingandtalking.Well,hereallyletmeknowbeforethedaywasoverthathewantedtomarryme.AndIthoughtthisimpossible.ButontheotherhandztherewasonethingIknewIjustcouldn'tbeartohavehappenandthatwastosaygoodbye,goodbyeperiod."STEVEEMBER:1.yndonJohnsonwasbusyplanninghispoliticalcareer.Withinthreeyears,heranforaseatintheUnitedStatesCongressandwon.1.adyBirdJohnsonhadgivenhimtenthousanddollarstogethiscampaignstarted.WhenJapaneseplanesattackedAmericanshipsatPearlHarbor,Hawaiiinnineteenforty-one,Mr.JohnsonjoinedthenavytofightinWorldWarTwo.Mrs.JohnsonstayedinWashington,D.C.andsupervisedhisngressionalofficeduringtheeightmonthshewasaway.Herexcellentorganizationalskillsandsmartpoliticalsensemadeherperfectforthejob.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:AfterMr.Johnsonreturned,1.adyBirdJohnsonsoonfoundanewproject.SheusedaboutseventeenthousanddollarsoffamilymoneytobuyasmallradiostationinAustin,Texas.TheradiostationwasIndebtandhadasmallbroadcastrange.Mr$.Johnsonusedherhusband'sconnectionswiththeFederalCommunicationsCommissiontoincreasetheradiostation,spowerandrange.IbjllborgHerworktomakeAmericabeautifulcanstillbeseentoday.Soon,thestationstartedmakingmoneyandthecompanyexpandedintotelevisionaswell.Mrs.JohnsonWaSpresidentofthefamilycompany1.BJCompany.ShetraveledfromWashingtontoAustineveryweektotakecareofbusiness.DuringthistimetheJohnsonfamilystartedtogrow.1.adyBirdhadadaughter,1.yndaBird,innineteenforty-four.Aseconddaughter,1.uciBaines,wasbornthreeyearslater1.donJohnson'spowerinpoliticsalsocontinuedtogrow.InnineteenfortyeighthewaselectedtotheUnitedStatesSenate.(MUSIC)STEVEEMBER:Innineteensixty,JohnF.KennedyranforpresidentoftheUnitedStateswith1.yndonJohnsonasvicepresident.Mrs.Kennedywasunabletotravelandcampaignforthecandidatesbecauseofherpregnancy.Mrs.Johnsonbravelyacceptedthejob.Shevisitedelevenstatestohelpexpressthegoalsofthecandidates.Theywontheelection.Mrs.Johnsonwasalsoatherhusband'ssidewhenhevisitedTexaswithPresidentandMrs.KennedyonNovembertwenty-send,nineteensixty-three.AfterthetragicshtingofPresidentKennedyinDallas,securityofficialsledtheJohnsonstothepresidentialplanetoflybacktoWashington.Duringtheflight,Mrs.JohnsonandMrs.Kennedywatchedas1.yndonJohnsonwassworninasPresidentoftheUnitedStates.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Intheweeksafterthisnationaltragedy1.yndonJohnsonworkedhardtoshowAmericansthathecouldbeastrongpresident.Withhisstrongsupport,hegotCongresstopasstheCn/llRightsActofnineteensixty-four.Thislawbanneddiscriminationbasedon"race,color,religion,ornationalorigin"inpublicplacesandfederalprograms.Butthelawwasnotpopularwithmanywhitevotersinthesouthernpartofthecountry.Onceagain,1.adyBirdJohnsoncametotherescue.Aspartof1.yndonJohnson'snineteensixt-fourcampaignforpresidentshebecameaspokesmanforthelaw.1.adyBirdJohnsonvisitedimportantsouthernstatesalthoughDemocraticgovernorsfearedforhersafety.Shetraveledthroughpoorareastalkingtoangrycrowdswhowereagainstherhusband'scivilrightspolicies,ladyBirdJohnsonknewhowtogiveapowerfulandexpressivespeech.ShewonovertheloudCrOWdSwithhergentlemannerandcalmingsouthernaccent.ShetoldthemthatitWaStimetoendtheSouth'sracistpastandmoveintothemodernworld.Themedialaterwrotethatshestoodasafearlessmoralrepresentativeofherhusband.And,herworkpaidoff.1.yndonJohnsonvotheelection.(MUSIC)lbjlib.orgShesaidherheartfounditshomeinthebeauty,mystery,orderanddisorderofthefloweringearth.STEVEEMBER:Thehistorian1.ewisGouldhassaidMrs.Johnsonandherpresssecretary1.izCarpenterwerethefirsttoestablishthejobofthemodernfirstlad.Mrs.Johnsonrealizedthatthewifeofthepresidentneededtohaveherownteamofworkers.Shemadesureshehadadirectorofemployeesaswellasasocialdirector.1.adyBirdJohnson'sbusinessexperienceandsenseoforganizationhelpedcreateaveryeffectivesystemforfuturefirstladiesandtheircauses.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Asfirstlady,Mrs.Johnsonbecameanenergeticactivistforeducationalandenvironmentalissues.ShehelpedsupportHeadStart,apublicprogramaimedatgivingeducationalandhealthservicestoyoungchildrenfrompoorfamilies.ShestartedtheSocietyforaMoreBeautifulNationalCapitol.ItsaimwastoimprovethebeautyofWashingtonbyplantingtreesandflowersinpublicareasandparks.Mrs.Johnsonunderstoodthattheseimprovementswerealsolinkedtoimportantissuessuchaspollution,publictransportation,mentalhealth,andcrimerates.STEVEEMBER:ButsheismostwellknownforhelpingtocreateTheBeautificationActofnineteensixty-five.ItaimedtoprotectAmerica'snaturalbeautybylimitingadvertisingsignsandcleaningupwasteareasonthecountry'sroadsandhighways.Thelawalsosupportedtheplantingoflocalflowersandtrees.HereisMrs.Johnsontalkingaboutherenvironmentalefforts:1.ADYBIRDJOHNSON:"deanwater,cleanuptherivers,wildernessareas,morenationalparkszallofthatwasapartofouraimandthrustandwhatWetriedtodo.vehadalifelongloveaffairwithnature,aparticularaccentonwildflowers,nativeplantsforthewholebroadfaceofAmerica.IhopeeverybodyuldenjoytheirlittlepieceofAmericaasmucha$Ihaveenjoyedmine.”SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:1.yndonJohnsonand1.adyBirdJohnsonhadadifficultfour-yearterm.ThepresidentfacedstrongoppositionabouttheUnitedStatesinvolvementinthewarinVietnam.Innineteensixty-eight,PresidentJohnsonsurprisedthenationbyannouncingthathewouldnotseekreelectionaspresident.TheJohnsonsleftpoliticoandreturnedhometoTexas.Mr.Johnsondiedofaheartattackinnineteenseventy-three.STEVEEMBER：1.adyBirdJohnsonntnuedhertirelessworktoImprovethecountry'snaturalenvironment.ShecreatedtheNationalWildflowerResearchCenterinnineteenelghtytwo.Thecenterhelpstoeducatepeopleabouttheenvironmentalimportanceandvalueofnativeplants.Mrs.Johnsondiedintwothousandsevenattheageofninety-four.HermemorylivesinthemanyfieldsofwildflowersthatcolortheroadsofAmerica.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyDanaDemange.mShirleyGriffith.STEVEEMBER:AndmSteveEmber.Youcandownloadscriptsandaud100fourprogramsat51voa.m.JoinUSagainnextweekforPEOP1.EINAMERICAInVOASpecialEnglish.