美国名人 音乐家 查理·帕克.docx

美国名人音乐家查理帕克CharlieParker;1920-1955:HisMusicInfluencedJazzDuringhis1.ifetimeandEvenTodayplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:30repeatByVivianBournazian2009-5-2VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica.Today,wetellaboutoneofAmerica'sgreatestjazzmusicians,CharlieParker.Heinfluencedthedirectionofjazzmusicduringhisshortlifetime.Hisinfluencecontinuestoday.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CharlieParkerCharlieParkerforeverchangedtheperformanceandwritingofjazzmusic.Hedevelopedanewstyleofjazzcalled"bebop."Itwasdifferentfromthedanceor"swing"stylethatwaspopularforyears.Performersofbebopleftthetraditionalmusicalmelodyandplayedasongfreely,withthemusicandrhythmthatwasfeltatthetime.So,thesamesongcouldbeplayedinadifferentwayeachtimeitwasperformed.CharlieParkersaid:"Musicisyourownexperience,yourthoughts,yourwisdom.Ifyoudon'tliveitzitwon'tcomeoutofyourhorn.,VOICETWO:CharlieParkerwasbornAugusttwenty-ninth,nineteentwenty,inthemiddlewesternstateofKansas.Hehadhisfirstmusiclessonsinthelocalpublicschools.Hismotherboughthimasaxophoneinnineteenthirty-three.Twoyearslater,hedecidedtoleaveschoolandbecomeaprofessionalmusician.Forthenextfouryears,heworkedmainlyinKansasCity,Missouri,wherejazzmusichadbecomepopular.Charliedevelopedasamusicianbyplayingwithdifferentgroupsinpubliceatinganddrinkingplacescallednightclubs.Healsolearnedbylisteningtoolderlocaljazzmusicians.Duringthistime,Charliedevelopedseriousproblemsthatweretoaffecthimtherestofhislife.Hebecamedependentonalcoholandtheillegaldrug,heroin.VOICEONE:Onenightinnineteenthirty-six,theyoungmusiciandecidedtotakepartina"jamsession."MusiciansfromalloverKansasCitywouldplayforfunduringtheseunplannedperformances.Thesejamsessionsoftenbecamemusicalbattles.Thebetter,thefaster,thestronger,themorecreativemusicianwouldwin.Charliebegantoplaythesaxophonethatnight.Heplayedwellforawhile.Buthethenbecamelostinthemusic.ThedrummerthrewdownhisinstrumentandbroughtCharlietoahalt.Charlielatersaid:"Iwenthomeandcriedanddidn'tplayagainforthreemonths."Theincident,however,madeCharlieworkevenhardertoimprovehisplaying.VOICETWO:Innineteenthirty-nine,CharliewenttoNewYorkCity.Hestayedforalmostoneyear.Hewasabletogetafewpayingjobsplayingthesaxophone.Mostofhistime,though,wasspentplayinginunpaidjamsessions.Itwasduringthistimethathebegantodevelophisownstyleofjazz.Hesaidlaterthatthiswaswhenhemadeabigdiscovery.Hewasunhappyplayingsongsthesamewayallthetime.Hethoughttherehadtobeanotherwaytoplay.Hesaid:"Icouldhearitsometimes,butIcouldn'tplayit."Hebeganworkingonthesong"Cherokee."Heusedthehighernotesofachordasamelodylineandmadeotherchanges.Henowcouldplaythethingshehadbeenhearing.ItwasinDecember,nineteenthirty-nine,thatCharlieParkermadethisdiscovery.Helatersaidthatwithit,he"camealive."Hereheisplaying"Cherokee11:(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CharlieParkerandMilesDavisplayinNewYorkCityin1947CharlieParker'snamefirstappearedinthepressreportsaboutmusicinnineteenforty.Duringthenextfiveyears,hejoineddifferentbands.HeplayedwiththeEarlHinesorchestraandtheBillyEckstineorchestra.Healsoplayedwithotheryoungjazzmusicianswhohelpedmakethenewsoundknown.TrumpetplayersDizzyGillespieandMilesDavis,andpianistsTheloniusMonkandBudPowellweresomeofthem.Parkerwasconsideredthegreatestofthebebopjazzmusicians.Thissong,"Now'stheTime/'isoneofhishitsduringthistime:(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Parker'scontinuingdrughabitwasaffectinghim.Heoftenwaslateforperformances.Orhemissedthem.Hehaddecidedhedidnotlikethemusicofthebigbands.Heapparentlydidnotfeelateaseplayingwithabigband,evenonethatfollowedhisownmusicalideas.Innineteenforty-five,hereturnedtoNewYorkCity.Hehadtheideaofstartingasmalljazzgroup.InNewYork,hejoinedDizzyGillespie.TheirworktogetherwasamongthegreatestinAmericanmusichistory.Theyenjoyedthesupportofyoungermusicians.Yet,theyhadtofightthecriticismofthoseopposedtoanynewdevelopmentinjazz.Thatyear,CharlieParkerandDizzyGillespietookthenewjazzsoundtoCalifornia.Charliecontinuedtorecordandperformin1.osAngeles,evenafterDizzyreturnedtoNewYork.ItwasduringthistimethatParkerrecorded"Ornithology:"(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteenforty-six,CharlieParkersufferedanervousbreakdown.Hisdependenceonheroinandalcoholledtothisseverementalcondition.Hewassenttoahospitalandstayedthereforsixmonths.HereturnedtoNewYorkCityinnineteenforty-seven.Thefollowingfouryearsareconsideredhismostsuccessful.Heformedhisownsmallbandsandplayedwithothergroups.HevisitedEuropethreetimes,whereherecordedabouthalfofthealbumsheevermade.InJuly,nineteenfifty-one,NewYorkCityofficialstookawayhisrighttoplayinnightclubsbecauseheusedillegaldrugs.Hisdebtsgreatlyincreased.Hisphysicalandmentalhealthbegantofail.VOICETWO:CharlieParkerwasgivenapermittoplayinNewYorkagaintwoyearslater.Jobs,though,weredifficulttofind.HefinallygotachancetoplayfortwonightsinMarch,nineteenfifty-five.ItwasatBirdland,themostfamousjazznightclubinNewYorkCity.Birdlandhadopenedinnineteenforty-nine.Itwasnamedafter',Bird'asCharlieParker'sfollowerscalledhim.Parkerknewthoseperformancesmightbehislastchancetore-claimthesuccesshehadgainedonlyafewyearsearlier.HislastpublicappearancewasonMarchfifth,nineteenfifty-five,atBirdland.Itwasnotasuccess.Hediedsevendayslaterofaheartattack.Hewasthirty-four.VOICEONE:CharlieParker'sinfluenceonmodernjazzmusiccontinuestolive.Heledmanyartiststo"playwhattheyhear."Jazzmusicianscontinuetoperformhismusic,oftencopyinghissoundandstyle.But,expertssay,noonehaseverplayedthesameas"Bird".(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyVivianBournazian.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmShirleyGriffith.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.