美国名人 记者 卡尔·罗万.docx

美国名人记者卡尔罗万CarlRowan,1925-2000:ThefirstblackdirectoroftheUnitedStatesInformationAgency.playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:41repeatByCynthiaKirk2009-10-31(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmDougJohnsonwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOP1.EINAMERICA.Today,wetellaboutthelifeofwriterandreporter,CarlRowan.HewasoneofthemosthonoredreportersintheUnitedStates.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CarlRowanwasknownforthepowerfulstoriesthathewroteformajornewspapers.HiscolumnswerepublishedinmorethanonehundrednewspapersacrosstheUnitedStates.Hewasthefirstblacknewspapercolumnisttohavehisworkappearinmajornewspapers.CarlRowancalledhimselfanewspaperman.Yet,hewasalsoawriterofbest-sellingbooks.HewroteaboutthelivesofAfricanAmericancivilrightsleader,ReverendMartin1.utherKingJuniorandUnitedStatesSupremeCourtJustice,ThurgoodMarshall.CarlRowanalsowasaradiobroadcasterandapopularpublicspeaker.Forthirtyyears,heappearedonaweeklytelevisionshowaboutAmericanpolitics.VOICETWO:CarlRowanCarlRowanwonpraiseovertheyearsforhisreportsaboutracerelationsinAmerica.HeprovidedapublicvoiceforpoorpeopleandminoritiesinAmerica.Heinfluencedpeopleinpositionsofpower.MisterRowanopenedmanydoorsforAfricanAmericans.HewasthefirstblackdeputySecretaryofStateintheadministrationofPresidentJohnF.Kennedy.AndhewasthefirstblackdirectoroftheUnitedStatesInformationAgencywhichatthetimesupervisedtheVoiceofAmerica.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CarlRowanwasborninnineteentwenty-fiveinthesoutherncityofRavenscroftzTennessee.HegrewupduringtheGreatDepression,oneoftheworsteconomictimesintheUnitedStates.Hisfamilywasverypoor.Hisfatherstackedwoodusedforbuilding,whenhehadwork.Hismotherworkedcleaningthehomesofwhitepeoplewhenshecould.TheRowanfamilyhadnoelectricity,norunningwater,notelephoneandnoradio.Carlsaidhewouldsometimesstealfoodordrinkwarmmilkfromthecowsonnearbyfarms.TheRowansdidnotevenhaveaclock.Asaboy,Carlsaidheknewifitwastimetogotoschoolbythesoundofatrain.Hesaidifthetrainwaslate,hewaslate.VOICETWO:Growingup,Carlhadverylittlehopeforanychange.TherewerenotmanyjobsforblacksintheSouth.Theschoolswerenotgood.Racialtensionswerehigh.1.awswereenforcedtokeepblacksandwhitesseparate.ItwasateacherwhourgedCarltomakesomethingofhimself.BessieTaylorGwynntaughthimtobelievehecouldbeapoetorawriter.Sheurgedhimtowriteasmuchaspossible.Shewouldevengetbooksforhimbecauseblackswerebannedfrompubliclibraries.BessieTaylorGwynnmadesurethatCarlfinishedhighschool.Andhedid.Hegraduatedatthetopofhisclass.VOICEONE:CarlenteredTennesseeStateCollegeinnineteenforty-two.Healmosthadtoleavecollegeafterthefirstfewmonthsbecausehedidnothaveenoughmoney.Butonthewaytocatchabus,hisluckchanged.Hefoundthetwentydollarsheneededtostayincollege.CarlRowandidsowellincollegethathewaschosenbytheUnitedStatesNavytobecomeoneofthefirstfifteenblackNavyofficers.Hesaidthatexperiencechangedhislife.CarlservedonshipsduringWorldWarTwo.Afterward,hereturnedtocollegeandgraduatedfromOberlinCollegeinOhio.Hewentontoreceivehismaster'sdegreeinjournalismfromtheUniversityofMinnesota.VOICETWO:Innineteenforty-eight,CarlRowanbecameareporterfortheMinneapolisTribunenewspaperinMinnesota.Hewasoneofthefirstblackreporterstowriteforamajordailynewspaper.Asayoungreporter;hecoveredracialtensionsintheSouthduringthecivilrightsmovement.Innineteenfifty-six,hetraveledtotheMiddleEasttocoverthewarovertheSuezCanal.HealsoreportedfromEurope,IndiaandotherpartsofAsia.Hewonseveralmajorreportingawards.VOICEONE:MisterRowan'sreportsonracerelationsintheSouthinterestedPresidentJohnF.Kennedy.Innineteensixty-one,PresidentKennedyappointedMisterRowandeputyassistantSecretaryofState.HeservedasadelegatetotheUnitedNationsduringtheCubanmissilecrisisinnineteensixty-two.MisterRowanlaterwasappointedambassadortoFinland.DuringhisyearsinPresidentKennedy'sadministration,CarlRowangottoknow1.yndonB.Johnson.1.yndonJohnsonbecamepresidentafterPresidentKennedywasassassinatedinnineteensixty-three.Innineteensixty-four;PresidentJohnsonnamedCarlRowandirectoroftheUnitedStatesInformationAgency.ThepositionmadehimthehighestlevelAfricanAmericanintheUnitedStatesgovernment.MisterRowansaidbeingchosentoheadtheUnitedStatesInformationAgencyandtheVoiceofAmericawasoneofthegreathonorsofhislife.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:InnineteenSiXty-five,CarlRowanleftthegovernmentandstartedwritingfornewspapers.Hewroteacolumnthattoldhisopinionsaboutimportantsocial,economicandpoliticalissues.Itappearedseveraltimesaweekinanumberofnewspapers.Radioandtelevisionjobsfollowed.MisterRowanoftenwroteintenselyaboutracerelations.Yet,hewrotewithmorefeelingaboutonesubjectthananyother:thateducationandhardworkwillhelpyoungAfricanAmericansmoveforward.CarlRowanwasangeredbytheideasofsomeyoungblacks.Hesaidtheybelievedthattostudyhardandperformwellinschoolwas"actingwhite,"Hedeploredtheideathatexcellenceisforwhitesonly.VOICEONE:Innineteeneighty-seven,MisterRowancreatedaprogramcalled"ProjectExcellence."Theprogramrewardsblackstudentswhodowellinschool.Overtheyears,theprogramhasprovidedmillionsofdollarstohelpAfricanAmericanstudentsgetmoneyforcollege.VOICEONE:Throughouthislife,CarlRowanwasastrongvoiceforracialjusticeinAmerica.Yet,healsodemandedexcellencefromotherblackAmericans.HewroteaboutwrongdoingwithintheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople.TheNAACPfightsforthecivilrightsofAfricanAmericans.MisterRowan'scolumnsledtotheresignationofitschairmanandhelpedspeedtheorganization'sfinancialrecovery.VOICETWO:CarlRowanlivedwithhiswife,VivienMurphy,inalargehouseinWashington,D.C.Theyhadthreechildrenandfourgrandchildren.Hehadbeenastrongsupporterofguncontrollaws.Butinnineteeneighty-eight,hewaschargedforfiringagunthathedidnotlegallyown.Heshotandwoundedateenagerwhowasonhispropertyillegally.Rowanwasarrestedandtried.Duringthetrial,hearguedthathehadtherighttousewhatevermeansnecessarytoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Thejuryfailedtoreachadecisioninthecase.Innineteenninety-one,CarlRowanwroteabookabouthislifecalled"BreakingBarriers."Severalyearslater,hewroteabookcalled"TheComingRaceWarinAmerica."Thebookdescribestheexplodingangerbetweenblacksandwhitesandthepossibilityofafutureracewar.Somepeoplepraisedthebook.Othersthoughtitwasharmfulandirresponsible.VOICEONE:CarlRowanwasthefirstblackpresidentofanorganizationoftopreportersinWashingtoncalledtheGridironClub.ThegroupdoesashoweveryyearthatmakesfunoftheAmericanpoliticalprocess.MisterRowanoftenperformedbysingingorleadingacomedyact.CarlRowanusedsimplewordswhenhespoke,yethewasverydirect.Hewascriticizedsometimesforthat.Somepeoplethoughtthathisideasweretooliberal.Othersthoughthewastoomoderate.Butmostpeoplethoughthisstoriesgenerallywereveryfair.MisterRowantalksabouthislifeinhisbook,"BreakingBarriers":CAR1.ROWAN:"Thebarriersthatwereupagainstblacksgettingintothefieldofcommunications.WhenIwentinyoucouldcountonthefingersofonehandthenumberofblackswithfull-fledgedjobsondailynewspapers.Todayyou'vegotblacksnotonlyonallkindsofnewspapersbutonTVscreensandonradio,publicrelationsjobsingreatcorporations,andthatisanareaofprogressthatIthinkIhelpedtoopenupalittlebit."VOICETWO:CarlRowandiedSeptemberTwenty-Third,Two-Thousand,inWashington,D.C.Hewasseventy-fiveyearsold.Duringthelastyearsofhislife,hesufferedfromdiabetesandheartproblems.Butheneverfailedtowritehisnewspapercolumn.Heneverletbadthingsslowhimdown.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyCynthiaKirk.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmDougJohnson.1.istenagainnextweekforanotherPEOP1.EINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.