人教版选修八Unit 1语法学案.docx

Book8unit1Grammar名词性从句名词性从句的功能:功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。名词性从句:表语从句、宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句一、主语从句小组讨论，找出以下句子的主语并总结。、1. Amooncakeisadelicious,roundcake.2. Idon,tknowifitwillgrow.3. Togiveisbetterthantoreceive4. Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.总结：主语可由词、词、数词、不定式、动名词和等来承当。一般位于谓动词O一、小组讨论并判断以下句子那些是主语从句。YesorNo?1.Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.1. Ithinkthatyoumustworkharder.3. Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.4. Whentheywillcomeisunknown.5. Whowillbeourmonitorhasn,tbeendecidedyet.6. Whateveryoudidisright.7. Whatweneedistime.8. Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.二.课堂练习：(1) hesaidwasnottrue.(2) helikesmostisreading.(3) heisbraveistrue.(4) willtakepartinthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.(5) sheisfromisunknown.(6) shekeepshealthyisasecret.(7) canjoininthesportmeetisdecidedbytheteacher.(8) bookIshallchoosehasn,tbeendecided.三、主语从句特殊用法：1. Itisverylikelythattheywillholdameeting.It+be+名词/形容词+主语从句2. Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.似乎It+不及物动词(Seenuhappen,matter)+主语从句3. ItissaidthatPresidentObamawillvisitourschoolnextweek.据说It+过去分词+从句总结：it做形式主语，为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末。四、主语从句在写作中的运用。(1)(众所周知)ChinalaunchedtheirShenzhouXImannedspaceshipsuccessfullyonOctober17,2019,carryingtwoChineseastronauts,JingHaipengandChenDong.After33-daysstayinspace,theyreturnedtotheearth.Intheiropinion,(2).(这是他们的荣幸)thattheywerechosentobetheastronautsofShenzhouXIspaceship.Duringtheirtrip,（3）（令他们惊讶的事）wasthatthegravitybecameverystrongwhentheirrocketroseintotheair.However,（4）（让他们振奋的事）wasseeingtheearthfromspace.Theyalsosaidthatitdidn,tmatter（5）（多么困难）Theywouldfinishthetaskwithheartandsoul.Allinall,itisanewchapterforChina,sspaceindustry.二、宾语从句1、庠义：在复合句中作动词或介词宾语的从句叫宾语从句。1）动话后的宾语从句：Iheardhewouldcomeherelateron.Hesaidnothingabout_brokethewindowlastnight.某些形容词或过萋分词后的宾语从句Iamnotsure口）皆舞耀词W浴咸Hetoldus他对我们说他感到不舒服。Iknow,我知道他也经回莱"（此处that可省略）分加1.丛包里一二:,（缺7不缺）面子成分（有/无）实际意义，另是营鼬理，所以填tha1.（2）ifwhethero如：ffiIdoubt.我疑心他是否会成功。Idon,tknow.我不知逼你能苦帮助我?Ioughttodo.2）介词后的宾语从句：情况whetherif从句置于句首时从句作介词的宾语时从句作discuss,doubt（doubt用于肯定结构时）等动词的宾语时与Ornot或动词不定式直接连用时用if容易产生歧义时从句为否认句时冬奢!芝IT引导其亶%魂霸成分'意为只起连接作用，所以填if/whether操练：用if/whetherM¾o、_shewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.她是否能来还是个问题。©TrminterestedinhelikesEnglish.我关心的是他是杏喜欢英语。1.etmeknowornothewillcome.让我知道他是否能乘。Hehasn,tdecidedtovisittheoldman.他尚耒决定是否拜访那位人。thisistrueornot,Ican,tsay.这悬否真的我说不上来。Peopledoubtheisathief.人彳门凝心他是否是小偷。Heasked_Ididn,tcometoschoolyesterday.他问我昨天是否没来学校。1）攵看望挈列句时，笫二个分句前的that不可省略。Hephonedustotell（that）itwastimeforustosetoffandhewouldwaitforusatthefirstcrossing.（第一个that可省略,第二个不可省略）2）在insist,demand,order,suggest,propose,advise,desire等表示坚持、命令、建议等意义的动词后，that宾语从苟中谓畜常用“（should）+动词原形"，表示虚拟。Wangweiinsistedthatshe（organize）thetripwell.3）动词+it+形容词或惯用搭配+that从句，it为形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。IthinknecessarymtakePIentyofhotWqtereveryday.4）动词doubt用于否认结构或疑问结构时，宾语从行的引导词用that。一5）否认前移:Idon,tthinkyouareright.（翻译）三、表语从叶1、概念：表语从句是在复合句中作表语的从句。2、放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句3、可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,Seem等。X由附属连词that不可省,whether引导的表语从句1) ThetroubleisShehasIoSthismoney.麻烦的事是他丢了钱。_不作成分2) Thequestionisweneedmoreicecream.不作成分X由关系代词WhiCh,who,what,whose等引导的表语从句IJThequestionisofusshouldgo.问鹤是我们哪一个应该去3) TheproblemwascoulddotheWork.问题是谁能做这项工作。4) That'sheisworryingabou支.那就是他在担忧的事。(作宾iweTimeisweshouldtreasure二时间应该是我们珍惜的。(.作Chinaisnolongeritusedtobe.中国不再是过去的中国X由关系副词When,where,why,how等引导的表语从句1) Goandgetyourcoat.Itsyouleftit.That'sIgotwetthrough.2) Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。3) ishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。引导名词性从句的连接词连词：that/whether/if（主语从句没有if）连接代词：who/what/which（哪一个）/whosewh+ever连接副词：when/wherehowwhy总结：（1）只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。（2） 在从句充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。（3） 在从句中充当状语。（4）在主语从句，表语从句中的that不能省。实践冲关：一、单句改错1、 Thattheyaregoingtodiscussatthemeetingishowtoincreasefoodsupplyintheworld.2、 Whyfarmlandhereisbeinglostisbecausefarmershavecutdowntoomanytreesinrecentyears.3、 Ifthefamousscientistwillcometoattendtheagriculturalconferenceisnotknownyet.4、 Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.5、 Tellmewhatithashappenedtoyou.6、 Weconsiderthatimpossiblethatwefinishitinaday.7、 MothermadeapromiseifIgottheprize,shewouldbuyabike.8、 Hedidn,tcomeyesterday.Thatiswhyhewasill.9、 Thebuswasempty,soIcouldtakewhichseatIliked.10、 Itisdifficultforustoimaginehowlifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.二、语法填空。ThomasEdisonwasoneofthetensaidtobethegreatestgeniusofhisage.Thereareonlyafewmeninallofthehistory,1.haschangedthelivesofothermenasmuchastheinventorofthefirstusefulelectriclight.2.Edisoncouldneverbehappyonly3.someonesaid4.hewasagenius.Thereisnosuchthing51-genius,Edisonsaid.Hesaid6.peoplecalledgeniuswasmostlyhardwork.ButEdisonwasadreameraswellasaworker.Fromhisearliestdaysasachildhewonderedaboutthesecretsofnature.Nature,heoftensaid,isfullofsecrets.Hetriedtounderstandthem；then,hetriedtolearn7.couldusuallybedonewiththem.Edisonenjoyedthinking.Heknew8.mostpeoplewilldoalmostanythinginsteadofthedifficultworkofthinking,especially9.theydonotthinkveryoften.Butheknew,too,10.thinkingcangivemenenjoymentandpleasure.