全球可再生能源现状报告2024-51页.docx

RENEWAB1.ES2024G1.1.STATUSREPORTG1.OBA1.OVERVIEW力,REN21REN21MEMBERSGOVERNMBSAustraliaAustriaBrazilDenmarkDominicanRepublicGeorgiaGermanyIndiaRepublcofKoreaMex100MorocNo<wayPanamaRioNegroProvince,ArgentinaSouthAfricaSouthAustraliaState,AustraiaSpainUnitedArabEmiratesUnitedStatesZimbabweFundactdnBariloche(FB)NationalRenewableEnergy1.aboratory(NRE1.)NationalResearchUnivefsityHigherSchoolofEnomicsRussia(HSE)UnwersityofTechnology-InstituteforSustainaWeFutures(UTS)WorldResourcesInstitute(WRI)AEE-InstituteforSustainableTechnologies(AEE-IMTEC)InternationalInstituteforAppliedSystemsAnalysis(NASA)InternationalSolarEnergySociety(ISES)SouthAfricanNatiaJEnergyDevelopmentInstitute(SANEDI)TheEnerayandResrcesInstitute(TERI)SqenceandacademiaIhTTERWVERNMENTA1.ORGANISATIONSArthourosZervosMichaelEckhartRabiaFenwkhiRanaAdibEDIRECTOR,EnvironmentCouncilonandWaterMEMBERSAT1.ARGEDavidHalesKirstyHamiltonPeterRaeAsiaPacificEnergyResearchCenter(APERC)AsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)ECOWASCentreforReneWabteEnergyEfficiencyEteclricPowerCounciloftheCommonwealthofIndependentStates(ExecutiveCommittee)(EpC)EuropeanCommissiw(EC)GlobalEnvironmentFacility(GEF)InternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)IntemationalRenewableEnergyAgefICy(IRENA)IslamicDevelopmentBank(IsDB)1.atinAmericanEnergyOrganization(O1.ADE)RegionalCenterforRenewableEnergyandEnergyEfficiency(RCRE三)UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP)UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)UnitedNationsIndustrialDevetopmentOrganization(UNIDO)WorldBank(WB)indstryassociationsAfricaMinigridDevelopersAssociation(AMDA)AIianceforRural曰Gctrification(ARE)AmericanCouncilonRenewableEnergy(ACORE)AsiaPacificUrbanEnergyAssociation(APUEA)AssociacSo1.us6fadeEnetgiasRenovis(A1.ER)ChineseRenevzabteEnergyIndustriesAssociation(CREIA)CleanEnergyCouncil(CEC)Euroheat&Power(EHP)EuropeanHealPumpAssociation(EHPA)EuropeanRenewableEnergiesFederation(EREF)GlobalOffGrid1.ightingAssociation(GOG1.A)GlobalSol#Council(GSC)GlobalWindEnergyCoundi(GWEC)IncbanRenewableEnergyFederation(IREF)IntematiortaJGeOthennalAssociation(IGA)InternationalHydroPCwerASSOCiatjOCI(IHA)InternationalUnionolRailways/UnionInternationaledesCheminsdeFer(UIC)1.ongDurationEnergyStorageCouncil(1.DES)PortugueseAssociationofRenewableEnergy(APREN)RE100/ClimateGroupRE100)RES4AfricaFoundati(RES4Africa)SolarPverEurope(SPE)UnionInternationaledesTransportsPublics(UITP)WorldBioenergyAssociation(WBA)WoridWindEnergyAssociation(WWEA)NoNGOVERNMENTA1.ORGANISATIONS350.orgAfricanAssociationforRuralElectrification(CIub-ER)Asiao6nIvyCDPCleanCkingAlliance(CCA)CHmateActionNetworkInternational(CAN-I)CoaftiondeQudadesCapitaJesdelasAmericas(CC35)Collaborative1.abelingandApplianceStandardsProgram(C1.ASP)EnergyCitiesEuropeanYouthEnergyNetwork(EYEN)FundadonRenovables(FER)GlobalForumonSustainabieEnergy(GFSE)GlobalWomen'sNetworkfortheEnergyTransition(GVVNET)GreenpeaceInternationalIC1.EI-1.ocalGovernmentsforSustainabilityInstituteforSustainableEnergyPolides(BEP)InternationalEtectrcrtechnicalCOmrniSSion(IEC)InternationalInstituteforSustainableDeveiopment(USD)JeuneVolontairespour!'Environnenient(JVE)MaliFolkecenter(MFC)PowerforAIIPowerShiftAfricaRenewableEnergyandEnergyEfficiencyPartnership(REEEP)RenewableEnergyInstitute(REI)RenewabtesGridInitiative(RGI)S1.OCATPartnershiponSustainable.1.owCartxxiTransport(S1.OCAT)SotarCookersInternational(SCI)SolutionsforOurClimate(SFOC)SustainabteEnergyAfrica(SEA)SustainabteEnergyforAll(SEforA1.1.)TheGtobaJ100%RenewableEnergyPtatform(Global100%RE)WomenEngageforaCommonFuture(WECF)WorldCouncilfFtenewaMeEnergy(WCRE)WorldFutureCouncil(WFC)WorldWideFundforNature(WWF)FOREWORDWestandataprecipice,withtheurgentneedforarapidtransitiontorenewableenergyunderscoredbyescalatingglobalcrisesandtheencouragingtargetssetatP28.Theroleofrenewableenergyasakeysolutiontodimate,energy,andeconomicchallengesismoreapparentthanever.Thisyear'sRenewablesGlobalStatusReportilluminatesamplexlandscapeofprogresstemperedbypersistentchallenges.Despiterecordinvestmentsinrenewables,reachingUSD622.5billionin2023,wearestillfarfromwhatisneededtomeetourclimateandsustainabledevelopmentgoals.EstimatessuggestthatglobalinvestmentsneedtoreachatleastUSD1.3triionannuallybetweennowand2030ifwearetokeepthe1.5oCtargetinreach.Thedisparityininvestmentopportunitiesbetweenhigh-andlow-incomeuntries,mpoundedbyunequalaccesstocapital,remainsamajorobstacletoanequitableenergytransition.Interestratesinemergingeconomiesremainsignificantlyhigherthaninadvancedecomies,furtherhinderingprogresstowardssustainability.WefindhopeinthemmitmentsmadeatCOP28-totriplerenewablecapacityanddoubleenergyefficiencyby2030.Thesepledges,however,riskbemingemptypromisesunlesstheyarebackedupwithimmediate,drasticaction.Aswecelebrateourachievements,weremainacutelyawarethatradicalactionisnecessarytokeeppacewithever-growingenergydemandandsignificantlyreducegreenhousegasemissions.In2023.renewableenergyacuntedfor86%ofpowercapacityadditions,atestamenttoprogress.Yetrenewablesrepresentedjust12.9%oftotalfinalenergynsumptioin2022.Theshifttowardsrenewableenergyisnotjustanecessitybutanopportunitytocreateamoresustainable,equitable,andprosperousfuture.Toseizethisopportunity,wemuststrengthenpolicies,increaseinvestments,andfostertechnologyandskillsharingataglobalscale.IextendmydeepestthankstotheREN21teamandalltributorsfortheirunwaveringdedicationandinsight.AsREN21celebratesits20years.IwanttoparticularlyacknowledgetheREN21mmunity'songoingengagementinhelpingcraftthiscomprehensivereport.TheGSR2024onceagainexemplifiesourcollectivecommitmenttoacceleratingtherenewableenergytransition.Wemustactfast.Wemustacttogether.1.etusrespondtothemomentouschallengesandopportunitiesthatconfrontuswithreneweddeterminationandconfidencethatwecan,andmust,transitiontorenewables,now.>REN21RENEWAB1.ESNOWRENEWAB1.EENERGYPOUCYNETWORKFORIHE21slCEhTTURYREN21isunique.Itistheonlyglobal,multi-stakeholdernetworkdedicatedtorenewables.Wecreateanenablingenvironmenttosupportrenewableuptake.Together,webuildknowledge,shapedialogueanddebate,andcommunicatethisinformationtostrategicallydrivethedeeptransformationsneededtomakerenewablesthenorm.Shiftingtorenewablesismorethanafuelswitch;itrequiresengagingwithmarketplayersandsietyatlarge.REN21worksinclosecooperationwithitscommunity,providingaplatformforallstakeholderstoengageandcollaborate.Throughthesecollectiveefforts,REN21buildsbridgesandamplifiespositiveandsustainableenergysolutions.Ourgoal:enabledecision-makerstomaketheshifttorenewableenergyhappen-now.20YEARSOFREN21ThisyearmarkstwodecadessincetheinceptionofREN21-anopportunitytocelebrate20yearsofinstrumentalntributionstotheadvancement,shapingandunderstandingofrenewableenergyworldwide.Establishedin2004,REN21emergedfromthellectivevisionofglobalpioneerswhoconvenedtocallforacceleratedcommitmentstowardsrenewableenergyadoption.Fortwodecades,REN21hasbeenpivotalinelevatingrenewablestotheforefrontofglobalagendasforleadersanddecisionmakersacrossallstakeholdergroups,enablingknowledgeexchange,dialogueanddebateabouttheglobaltransitiontorenewables.The20th-anniversarycelebrationofREN21isalsotheoccasiontoacknowledgeREN21,sflagshipknowledgeproduct,theRenewablesGlobalStatusReport.SincetheGSR'sfirstreleasein2005,REN21haspublished18editionsofthereport,craftedannuallywiththemostup-to-dateinsights,factsandstoriesfromthousandsofcontributorsspanningdiverseregionsandsectors.TheGSRhasbeencentraltofulfillingREN2Tsmission,bemingareferenceformanyandpositioningREN21astheglobaltrustedvoiceonrenewables.20YEARSOFCROWDSOURCED,CR0WDOWNEDKNOW1.EDGEANDDATAREN2Tsdataandknowledgellectionmethodisunique,drawingupontheorganisation'sglobalmulti-stakeholdercommunityofexperts.Contributorsfromacrosstheglobeareinvitedtosubmitdata,insightsandstoriesonannualdevelopmentsinrenewableenergytechnologies,markettrends,policiesandlocalperspectives,resultinginacomprehensiveanddiversedataset.REN21performsrigorousdatavalidationandfact-checkingthroughoutthereport'sdevelopment,ensuringauracyandreliability.Validationofthedataisallaborativeandtransparentprocessconductedthroughopenpeerreviews.Collectivety,hundredsofexpertsntributetomakingtheGSRoneofthemostauthoritativeandmprehensivepublicationsinthefieldofrenewables.Alongsideitswealthofkeyfactsandfigures,theGSRisopenlyaccessible,fosteringasharedlanguagethatshapesthesectoral,regionalandglobaldebateontheenergytransition.XXIFederalMinistryT，IkxEnomiccperal>oIandDeVQopmsi$upponedby：XXXIFederalMtryIforEconomicAfbiIandClimMeActionontebasisofadecisionbyth©GermanBUndeSlagThisreportwasmmissionedbyREN21andproducedinllaborationwithaglobalnetworkofresearchpartners.FinancingwasprovidedbytheGermanFederalMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(BMZ)andtheGermanFederalMinistryforEconomicAffairsandClimateAction(BMWK).Alargeshareoftheresearchforthisreportwasconductedonavoluntarybasis.办REN21G1.OeA1.STATUSREPOFG1.OBA1.OVERVEWRENEWAB1.ESG1.OBA1.STATUSREPORT20241.1.ECTONSince2005,REN2sRenewablesGlobalStatusReport(GSR)hasspotlightedongoingdevelopmentsandemergingtrendsthatshapethefutureofrenewables.Itisallaborativeeffortinvolvinghundredsofexperts.Structuredasacollectionoffivepublications,tisyear's19theditionoftheGSRreflectskeytrendsinglobalenergy.Inadditiontoprovidingaglobaloverviewoftherenewableslandscape,theGSRalsopresentsdevelopmentsinrenewableenergysupplyanddivesintoenergydemandsectors,withdedicatedmodulesonbuildings,industry,transportandagriculture.Thecollectionfurtherincludesapublicationonrenewableenergysystemsandinfrastructureaswellasapublicationonrenewablesforenomicandsocialvaluecreation,acknowledgingthekeybenefitsofrenewablesforeconomiesandsocieties.2024Collectively,thesefivepublicationsofferreadersasystemicglobaloverviewofthecurrentuptakeofrenewables.ENERGYSYbItmS&Wfrastructure2024多ACKNOW1.EDGEMEhfrSREN21DATAANDKNOW1.EDGETEAMJadBabaAnaDfazVidalErinHamptonJanne1.uisePiperAndreaWainerGlenWrightHendYaqoobSPECIA1.ADVISORSJanet1.SawinFreyrSverrissonCHAPTERAUTHORSHindCouzinKristinSeyboth1.EADTOPICA1.COMTRiBlKORSAkramAlmohamadi(RCREEE)YasmineArsalane(IEA)GonzaloBravo(FundacionBariloche)ZuzanaDobrotkova(IndependentConsultant)PeterduPont(AsiaCleanEnergyPartners)CharlotteGardes-1.andolfini(InternationalMonetaryFund-IMF)RuudKempener(EuropeanCommission)MagedMahmoud(RCREEE)JoelNana(SEA)SvenTeske(InstituteforSustainabteFutures)RESEARCHANDPROJECTSUPPORTNicolasAchuryTaliaContreras-TapiaED111NG,DESiGNAND1.AYOUT1.isaMastny(Editor)weeks.deWerbeagenturGmbH(Design)ProductonandCOMMUNICAilONREN21Seetariat,Paris.FranOTHERCONTRIBUTORSMohammedAbdalghafoor(SustainableDevelopmentSolutionsNetwork);HassanAbOUghalma(Georenco);MohammadAwwalAdeshina(DaeguGyeongbukInstituteofScienceandTechnology);DamilolaActeyanju(WorldEnergyCouncilandClimateGroup);NanaSerwaaAntwi(PoIitecnkX)diMilano);PatrickAtoudaBeyala(SOASUniversityof1.ondon);AlanBravo(SPGlobal);RomanBuss(WoridEnergyCouncil);BemardoCarrillo(StemyEnergy);MahmoudAbouElenen(GEVemova);SamHawkins(Ember);GabrielaHemndez-1.na(CIICAp-UAEM);SoeHtikeAung;AnundKillingtveit(NorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology);PeterKonings(APEG);FelixKriedemann(RESop.eu);1.eopoldoMicd(SolarHeatEurope);GolnooshMirMoghtadaei(Enertime);EktaMishra(PatilInstituteofTechnology);MweetwaMundiaSikamikami(TRiMBITPoPEngineering);AbubakarMusaMagaga(NigerianInstituteofTransportTechnology);MichelleMarieNolanAguirre(Africa-EUEnergyPartnership);JesseNyokabi(QuaiseEnergyAfrica);PallavPurohit(IIASA);SwastiRaizada(USD);NizomiddinRakhmanov;MadanB.Regmi(UnitedNations);OliverReynolds(GOG1.A);RosenbergJ.Romero(CIICAp-UAEM);AbdelazizSalahSakfi(KingKhalidUniversity,KSA);JinTanaka(UNISCInternational);EmanTora(ECADOInnovation);1.ovethUgwuOvedje(ME1.AW,DalhousieUniversity);PatriciaVillarroelSaez(PeritoCortedeApelaciones);MarcelaVinlettoRezende(Gerdau)TAB1.EOFCOMTBnSREN21MeEberS02Foreword03REN21KnowledgeandData04Acknowledgements07PhotoCreditsandImpressum50G1.OBA1.OVERVIEWModuleOverview10PolicyandTargets21InvestmentandFinance28ChallengesandOpportunities39Forfurtherdetailsandaccesstothereport,referencesandendnotes,gsr-2024REPORTCATIONREN21.2024.ReneWabteS2024GIobaIStatusReportCollection,GlobalOverview(Paris:REN21Secretariat).ISBN978-3-948393-13-7Commentsandquestionsarewelcomeandcanbesenttogsr.翁FIGURESAgure1.TotalFinalEnergyConsumptionbySource,2012and202216Figure 2. RenewableShareofTotalFinalEnergyConsumpticxi,byCountry,202117Figure 3. RenewableEnergyTargets,byCountryandbySector,asof202325Figure 4. NationalNetZeroPoliciesandStatusofImplementationandRenewabteEnergyTargets,asof202326Figure 5. CountrieswithClimateChangePolides,byTypeofMeasure,asof202327Figure 6. WeightedAverageCostofCapitalforOnshoreWindPowerandSolarPV1byCountry29Figure 7. ShareofDevelopmentFinancefromOfficialandPrivateDonorsforRenewabteandNon-RenewableEnergyGenerationProjects,2013-202230Figure 8. DevelopmentFinanforRenewableEnergyGenerationbyDonorandRecipientRegion,202231Figure 9. DevelopmentFinanceforRenewableEnergyGenerationbyChannel,2013,2017aid202232Figure 10. SustainableFnanceTaxonomiesinCountriesWorldwide,inPlaceandUnderDevelopment202333Figure 11. EstimatedShareofMitigationFi11anbySector,2019-202237Figure 12. RangeofAnnualRenewableEnergyInvestmentNeededinClimateChangeMitigationScenarios,ComparedtoRecentInvestments38G1.OBA1.STATUSREPORT20WCa1.EcTONGlobaloverviewSSIDEBARSSidebar1.TacklingtheBottleneckofRenewableEnergyCOnnectonQueues19Sidebar2.DevelopmentRnanceforRenewableEnergy30>SNAPSHOTSUnitedStates:TheInflationReductkMiAct'sOne-YearImpactonUSCleanEnergyProgress13ChinaandIndia:WhyChinaandIndiaHaveHesitatedtoSigntheGlobalPledgetoTripteRenewabtes15SouthAfrica:HowTransformativePolicyIsShiftingSouthAfrica'sRenewableEnergy1.andscapefromCrisistoOpportunity24数BOXESBox1.DwesImentiRxnFossiFuels35Box2.OilandGasCompanies'InvestmenthRenavabes36UNKSTOMICROSITEEnergyUnitsandConversionFactorsDataCollectionandValidationMethodologicalNotesGlossary1.istofAbbreviationsReferenceTablescanbeaccessedthroughtheGSR2024GlobalOVefVieWDataPackathttpygsr2024-data-packgoDBC1.AIdER:REN21releasesissuepapersandreportstoemphasisetheimportanceofrenewableenergyandtogeneratediscussiononissuesctraltothepromotionofrenewableenergy.WhiteREN21papersandreportshavebenefitedfromtheconsiderationsandinputfromtheREN21mmuity.theydonotnecessarilyrepresentansensusaognetworkPartiCiPanJSonanygivenpointA