The Truth about AI 1of3《人工智能的真相（2023）（1）》完整中英文对照剧本.docx

你好我叫麦克伍德里奇Hello.Myname'sMikeWooldridge.是个研究人工智能的人类mahuman,studyingartificialintelligence.你好我叫艾达是机器人艺术家Hello,mAi-Da,theartistrobot,我会创作能让人思考未来的艺术品andIcreateartthathelpspeopleconsiderthefuture.机器人艾达正在为我画肖像画Therobot,Ai-Da,ispaintingmyportrait,但这需要一定的时间butthisprocesstakesawhile,所以我们几分钟前就开始了sowestartedafewminutesago.本次讲座结束前我们再回来We'regoingtocomebackattheendofthelecture看看艾达画得如何andseewhatAi-Da,smanagedtodo.艾达我现在能走了吗Ai-Da,canIgonow?可以-谢谢Yes.-Thankyou.假象真♥相♥人工智能大揭秘2023年英国皇家科学院圣诞讲座第一讲如何建造一台人工智能大家好欢迎来到Hello,andwelcome麦克伍德里奇教授英国皇家科学院圣诞讲座第一讲tothefirstofthethreeRoyalInstitutionChristmas1.ectures,本讲座由CGI集团赞助播出aneventsupportedbyCGI,今天我们将了解人工智能是什么inwhich,we'llseewhatartificialintelligenceis,它的工作原理以及它对我们世界的影响howitworksandhowit'sshapingourworld.我们正进入一个新时代We,reenteringanera如今的智能机器能完成许多whereintelligentmachinescandothings几年前看来不可能做到的事thatseemedimpossiblejustafewyearsago.这种新型人工智能的迭代速度AndthepaceofchangeofthisnewAI甚至让建造它的科学家都感到吃惊issurprisingeventhescientiststhatbuiltit.受到大脑结构的启发人工神经网络技术AndthisnewAIwasmadepossiblebyartificialneuralnetworks,让这种新型人工智能成为可能inspiredbythestructureofthebrain.我们的故事就从这东西开始Andourstorystartswiththis.这是人类的大脑Thisisahumanbrain.全宇宙最伟大的奇迹Ofallthewondersintheuniverse,thisisthegreatest.忘掉黑洞中子星和超新星吧Forgetaboutblackholesandneutronstarsandsupernovas-你们眼前这东西才是天地万物中youarelookingatthemostincrediblething最不可思议的一个inallofcreation.人类所有的感受皆起源于此Allofhumanexperiencehasitsoriginshere.所有念头和梦境所有希望和爱意Everythought,everydream,everyhope,everylove.所有赋予我们“人性”的东西Everythingitmeanstobehuman,无论是莎士比亚还是泰勒斯威夫特fromShakespearetoTaylorSwift,都起源于此allhasitsoriginshere.它是进化的丰功伟绩It'stheultimatetriumphofevolution.是我们至今仍无法It,samarvelthatwearestillnowhereclose充分理解的奇迹toproperlyunderstanding.人类大脑不论是这颗还是你们的大脑Andhumanbrains,likethisoneandlikeyours,都难以想象的复杂areunimaginablycomplex.它们由大量细胞组成Theyhavehugenumbersofcells这些细胞彼此连接形成大网thatareconnectedtooneanotherinenormousnetworks.这些细胞叫做“神经元”Andthosecellsarecalledneurons.我们估计人类大脑有约860亿个神经元Weestimatethatatypicalbrain-atypicalhumanbrain,在座各位以及这个大脑皆是如此likeyoursorthis-hasabout86billionofthem.神经元是人类智慧的基石Andneuronsarethebasicbuildingblocksofhumanintelligence.我们的一切行止都源于它们的行为Somehow,everythingthatweareemergesfromwhattheydo和它们相互交流的方式andthewaythattheyinteractwitheachother.所以要说我们能建造一台机器Soitalmostseemslikeheresy能模拟大脑的功能tosuggestthatwecanbuildamachine简直有点像天方夜谭whichdoessomethinglikethisincredibleorgandoes.但这IE是人工智能专业的梦想Butthatisthedreamofartificialintelligence.但我们真能用这小玩意重现人类智慧吗ButcanWereallyrecreatehumanintelligencewiththis?这是个智能处理单元简称IPUThisisanIntelligenceProcessingUnit,anIPU.这和你家电脑里的处理器差不多Thisisabitlikeoneoftheprocessorsinyourhomecomputer,但它是专门为同时处理大量数据设计的butit'sdesignedtoprocessenormousamountsofdatainparallel,事实证明这非常适合人工智能anditturnsoutthatisperfectforartificialintelligence.但IPU并不是大脑组成IPU的不是神经元Now,IPUslikethisarenotbrains,theydon'thaveneurons,而是许许多多非常简单的buttheyarebuiltfromhugenumbers计算单元即“晶体管”ofverysimplecomputationaldevices,transistors.这个最先进的IPUThisIPU,thisstate-of-the-artIPU有600亿个晶体管hasabout60billiontransistors.记得吗相比大脑中的860亿神经元Remember,comparethattothesomethinglike86billionneurons这个听起来也没什么特别的inthebrain,itdoesn'tsoundthatdifferent.那么我们还要多久才能用IPUSohowfararewefromusingIPUs重现人类智慧呢torecreatesomethinglikehumanintelligence?在进一步讨论前Beforewegomuchfurther,我们想给你们展示一个案例wethoughtwe,dshowyouanexample看看如今人工智能ofthekindOfincrediblething能做到哪些不可思议的事thatartificialintelligenceiscapableoftoday.有请我们的第一位嘉宾莎拉德拉加德Forthis,pleasewelcomeourfirstguest,Sarahde1.agarde.人工智能大揭秘你好-你好莎拉欢迎Hello.-Hello,Sarah,andwelcome.欢迎来到圣诞讲座WelcometotheChristmas1.ectures.莎拉你有个令人惊叹的故事Now,Sarah,youhaveatrulyremarkablestory.能和我分享一下吗-当然可以Willyousharethatwithus?-Yes,ofcourse.大约12个月前So,justabout12monthsago,我遭遇了一起严重的列车事故Iwasinaterribletrainaccident因此失去了右腿膝盖以下部分and,asaresult,Ilostmyrightlegbelowtheknee和包括手肘在内的整条小臂andIlostmyarmabovetheelbow.你已装上了义肢Andso,you'vebeenfittedwithaprostheticarm.这不是什么新鲜事Thosearenothingnew,但是这副义肢有什么特别的吗butwhatmakesthisonespecial?这副义肢非常特别Sothisone,sprettyspecial因为这是“仿生手臂”becausethisiswhatwecallabionicarm,它由人工智能驱动andit'spoweredbyartificialintelligence.好吧我知道你此时要给我们OK.Now,Iunderstand,atthispoint,用易拉罐表演一个是的you'vegotapartytricktoshowus.-Oh,yes.派对上的小把戏对吗.involvingacan.Isthatright?是的首先我想向你们展示的是Yes.Well,thefirstthingIwantedtoshowyou我有个能三百六十度转动的手腕isthatvegotamovablewristthatcanturnallthewayround.并且我的手还挺有力的Andthen,it,sgotalittlebitofpoweraswell.让我试着捏扁这个给你们看看Soletmetrytocrushthiscanforyou.好吧-一捏就扁Ok!-Itdoeswork!真是精彩的派对小把戏Thatreallyisquiteapartytrick.你的手臂怎么知道要做什么动作呢So,howdoesyourarmknowhowtodothat?它的工作原理简而言之就是Well,basically,thewayitworks我思考想要做的动作isthat1thinkaboutthemovementthatIwanttomake,并轻轻抽动一系列肌肉andItwitchaseriesofmuscles,这些肌肉的抽动andthemuscletwitchesarebeingrecorded被接口内的16个电极记录下来by16electrodesthatarepositionedinsidethesocket.然后转化为电脉冲andthentransformthatintoelectricimpulses传导至前臂以驱动我的thatrunthroughtheforearmandpowerstheCowihand,仿生手臂-好吧mybionichand.-Ok.这跟人工智能有什么关系呢AndwhereexactlydoestheAIcomeintothepicture?人工智能记录了大量数据基本上.SotheAIisalotofdatarecording.It'sbasically.我每次使用该手臂每次的动作EverytimeIusethearm,everytimeImakeamovement,它都会记录下来itrecordsit.它开始学习我如何使用手臂ItstartstolearnhowIusethearm并开始预测我想做的动作anditstartstopredictthemovementsthatIwanttomake,包括像这样旋转手腕includingrotatingit,likethat.这个我能看一整晚Icouldwatchthatallnight好吧人工智能正在你身上接受训练OK,sotheAIisbeingtrainedonyourbody,但你的身体和大脑适应人工智能了吗butisyourbodyandyourbrain,aretheyadaptingtotheAI?我确实做了许多理解方面的训练So,IdidhavealotOftrainingtounderstand,因为思考一个动作很难becauseit'sverydifferenttothinkaboutamovement,而控制仿生手臂的动作更难andit'smoredifficulttocontrolitwhenitisbionic.但当我晚上摘下这个手臂ButwhenItakethearmoffatnight像苹果手♥机♥给它一样充电时andIrechargeit,likeaniPhone,我会很想它thenImissit.没有这个手臂你的生活会是怎样的Howwouldyourlifehavebeenlikewithoutthisarm?我得说这个世界是为拥有双手的人设计的Well,Ihavetosaythatthisworldisbeingdesigned一切都是forpeoplewithtwohands.Everything.比如你外套上Thinkaboutthezipperonyourcoat,forexample,或你手提包背包上的拉链oronyourbag,onyourrucksack.比如包裹拆包装Thinkaboutaparcel,packaging.做所有事都需要两只手一只手固定Foreverything,youneedtohavetwohands-onetoholditdown另一只手掀开盖子andtheotheronetoripoffthelidonsomething,这个仿生手臂很有用处-好的andwiththearm,ithelps.-Ok.该技术IE不断发展人工智能进展迅速Now,thistechnologyisevolving.AIismovingveryfast.你希望该手臂在未来能做些什么Whatdoyouhopethisarmisgoingtobeabletodointhefuture?我真心希望该手臂能不断发展So,Ireallyhopethatthisisgoingtoevolve,变得性能更强becomeevenmoreperformant,我这么说是因为目前becausetheideaisthat,atthemoment,我需要花十分钟思考一个动作ittakesmeabouttensecondstothinkaboutamovement然后人工智能才能执行andthenexecuteit.That'stheAIpart.希望能减少这部分时间Ithopefullywillreducethattime变得立即能执行就像我另一只手一样andbecomeinstantaneous,likemyotherhand.随着人工智能越来越进步So,astheAIgetsbetterandbetter,会对你的生活有所帮助吗that,sgoingtohelpyouinyourlife?我真的梦想有一天能重新骑自行车AndIreallydreamthat,oneday,Icangobacktoridingabike如果幸运的话也许我还能重新开车and,ifmlucky,maybeIcandriveacaragain.莎拉这真是个令人惊叹的故事Sarah,thatisatrulyremarkablestory.感谢和我们分享谢谢你莎拉Thankyousomuchforsharingitwithus.Thankyou,Sarah.人工智能已经能做许多神奇的事So,AIisalreadycapableofamazingthings,它每天都在帮助莎拉andit'shelpingSaraheveryday.在该案例中它和莎拉的身体一起工作Andinthisexample,it,sworkingwithSarah'sbody.可随着人工智能日渐精益有人会想ButasAIgetsbetterandbetter,somewonder,“它最终能否像人类那样思考”"Mightiteventuallybeabletothinklikeahuman?"这是一个自第一代电脑诞生之初Now,thisisaquestionwhichhasbeenwithus便伴随我们的问题eversincetheoriginofthefirstcomputers.提供了该问题最佳答案的Andthebest-knownanswertothatquestion就是这位男士wasprovidedbythisman.他是艾伦图灵ThisisAlanTuring.你们也许听说过YoumayhaveheardofTuring图灵为二战同盟军throughhiscode-breakingwork进行解码工作的事迹fortheAlliesinWorldWarII,但图灵也是电脑的发明者之一butTuringwasalsooneoftheinventorsofcomputing,以及人工智能的发明者之一andoneoftheinventorsofartificialintelligence.他发明的一种测试Andatestthatheinvented成为了人工智能最厉害的理论之一hasbecomeoneofthebest-knownideasinAI.图灵测试以极简和优雅的方式Turing'stestisabeautifullysimpleandelegantway来测试机器的智力inwhichwecantestmachinesforintelligence.我们要在现场进行一次图灵测试Andwe'regoingtocarryoutaliveTuringtestnow.我需要志愿者请举手参与Ineedavolunteer!Handsuptobeavolunteer.好戴帽子的那位请下来OK,youinthehatthere.Comeondown.好的Ok.请坐在这你好你叫什么名字Comeandstandhere.Hello,what'syourname?赞茜赞茜好谢谢你赞茜Xanthe.-Xanthe?OK.Thanksforjoiningus,Xanthe.我们将测试你是否是人类Wearegoingtotestyoutoseeifyouareahumanbeing.好吗完全不需要紧张OK?That'snothingtobealarmedat.团队将带你去后台Theteamaregoingtotakeyoubackstage.我们一会见We'regoingtoseeyoushortly.请听从他们的指示谢谢你赞茜Justfollowtheirinstructions.Thankyou,Xanthe.图灵认为如果人类判断者So,Turingsuggestedthatifahumanjudge无法仅仅通过对话isunabletotellthedifference来判断对方是人类还是机器betweenahumanandamachinebyjusthavingaconversationwiththem,对话指的是向对方提问并有看回答askingthemquestionsandlookingattheanswers,那么我们就可以说thenweshouldassumethatthemachine那台机器具有类人智慧hashumanlikeintelligence,因为我们难以进行区分becausewecan'ttellthedifference.而如果我们无法区分图灵说Andifwecan'ttellthedifference,Turingsaid,就无需再去争辩thenit'sredundanttoargueabout这台机器是否智能whetherthemachineisreallyintelligent,因为我们已然无法分辨becausewecan'ttellthedifference.现在我们将和赞茜进行现场图灵测试AndwithXanthe,we,regoingtorunaliveTuringtest.我们身后有两个盒子A盒与B盒Now,behindus,wehavetwoboxes,BoxAandBoxB.其中一盒中是我们的志愿者赞茜Oneofthosetwoboxeshasourvolunteer,Xanthe,另一盒中是一台电脑andtheotherholdsacomputer.现在电脑正在运行一些Now,thecomputerisrunningsome先进的人工智能advancedartificialintelligence,类似ChatGPT那种somethinglikeChatGPT,我们会要求人工智能andwe'veaskedthatartificialintelligence以人类青少年的方式回答问题torespondtoquestionsinthewaythatahumanteenagerwould.我们之前邀请大家进行提问Now,weaskedallofyouinadvancetosendinsomequestions,经过直看我们选择我们认为andwehadalookthroughthoseandselectedwhatwethought其中最有趣的一些问题werethemostinterestingofthosequestions.这些问题就放在这顶帽子中They'reinthishatrightnow.我将要把这顶帽子给你Andwhatmgoingtodoismgoingtogiveyouthehat.你将做我们的提问者Youaregoingtobeourquestioneer.当我向你要问题时WhenIaskyouforaquestion,请搅一搅然后抽出一个问题Iwantyoutostirupandgivemeoneofthosequestions.好提问者请给我第一个问题OK.So,first.Questioneerl第一个问题是2号♥来自诺阿OK.Andthefirstquestionisnumbertwo,Noah.诺阿你在哪Noah,whereareyou?在这好请拿起麦克风诺阿Thereyouare.OK.Takethemicrophone,Noah,告诉我们你的问题andthentellusyourquestion.你童年时的最佳回忆是什么Whatisyourfavouritememoryfromwhenyouwereachild?好的Ok.现在人类人工智能So,human,artificialintelligence-你童年时的最佳回忆是什么whatisyourfavouritememoryfromwhenyouwereachild?请作答Go!好已经有了答案OK.We'vegotouranswers.我们先看B盒的答案1.et'sgettheanswerfromBoxBfirst.圣诞节早晨总是魔幻而有趣好现在我们看A盒的答案OK.AndIefsgettheanswerfromBoxA.我最美好回忆大概是四五岁时可以和最好朋友和哥哥一起在公园玩他最后其实进了英国皇家科学院两个答案都很好OK.Goodanswersfromboth.我们再问一个1.et'sgetanotherquestion.请搅动帽子的纸条Stirthehat.我们再选一个问题OK.1.et'shaveoneofthequestions.非常感谢Thankyouverymuch.问题11号♥来自奥利弗OK.Thisisquestion11,fromOliver.奥利弗你在哪Oliver,whereareyou?奥利弗在上面Oliver,upthere.好的Ok.奥利弗请说出你的问题Oliver,readyourquestion.你上次生日收到的最佳礼物是什么Whatwasthebestpresentyougotonyourlastbirthday?你上次生日收到的最佳礼物是什么Whatwasthebestpresentyougotonyourlastbirthday?请把麦克风给我Passthatmicrophoneback.好了人类人工智能OK.Human,artificialintelligence-你上次生日收到的最佳礼物是什么whatwasthebestpresentyougotonyourlastbirthday?请作答Go!请A盒给出你的答案OK.BoxA,giveusyouranswer,please.我收到的最佳礼物应该是绘画工具材料好B盒呢OK.AndBoxB?收到新手♥机♥超级喜欢谁不喜欢新手♥机♥呢Whodoesn'tloveanewphone?下面提问者请再次搅动纸条So,questioneer,mixthemupagain.我们再选一个OK,let'sgetoneofthese.这个问题来自友广AndthisisfromTomohiro.你的问题是什么请对麦克风说Whatwasyourquestion,please?Intothemicrophone.你未来的梦想是什么Whatareyourdreamsforthefuture以及你准备如何实现梦想andhowdoyouplanonachievingthem?人类人工智能你的梦想是什么OK.Human,computer-whatareyourdreamsforthefuture以及你准备如何实现梦想andhowdoyouplanonachievingthem?请作答Go!作答完毕OK.We,vegotouranswers.我们先看B盒的答案We'regoingtogotoBoxBfirst.请B盒回答BoxB?实现成功和幸福努力工作保持积极这是很好的人生建议朋友们Thisisprettygoodadviceforlife,folks.你们可以免费带走Youcantakethatawaywithyouforfree.请A盒回答BoxA?未来我想和我的猫一起住在挪威的小屋里做一名成功的环境律师好提问环节结束了OK.We'redonewithourquestions.下面你们来做裁判Now,youarethejudges-决定哪一方是人类youhavetodecidewhichisthehuman.我们想让你们来判断That'swhatwe,reaskingyou.如果你们认为A盒是人类IfyouthinkthehumanisinBoxA,请举手putyourhandupnow.还有吗Ok?很多人都认为A盒是人类That'squitealotofyouthinkthehumanisinBoxA.我看上面的座位也是很多人举手mlookingupintothestalls,there'squitealotthere.如果认为B盒是人类请举手IfyouthinkthehumanisinBoxB,putyourhandupnow.好人不太多OK,there'sacoupleofpeople.我只看到很少人举手mgettingonlyacoupleofhands,看来你们大多数人soIthinktheoverwhelmingmajorityofyou认为A盒是人类对吗thinkthehumanisinBoxA,right?来我们看看Well,letstakealook.看A盒里是什么1.et'sseewhat'sinBoxA.是赞茜Andit'sXanthe!赞茜刚才的答案都很精彩Xanthe,thatwasanincrediblesetofanswers.你完全说服了观众You'vecompletelyconvincedtheaudience.观众准确地指出哪个盒子里是人类Thereisnodoubthereaboutwheretheythoughtthehumanbeingwas.你刚刚是在假装成一个机器人Wereyoupretendingtobearobot,还是在做人类赞茜呢orwereyoujustbeingXanthe?我刚才是诚实作答Iwasbasicallyjustbeinghonest,yeah.好你是房♥间里唯个OK,well,youaretheonlypersoninthewholeroomthat's被认证为人类且亳无疑问beencertifiedashumanandoverwhelminglycertifiedashuman.谢谢你赞茜你很棒Thankyou,Xanthe.You'vebeenastar.B盒离开前我们也要看看Sowe'regoingtotakealookbeforeBoxBgoes.看看B盒里面是什么We'regoingtotakealookandseewhat,sinsideBoxB.B盒就是我们的高级人工智能AndBoxBisouradvancedartificialintelligence.猜对的大家非常棒做得好Welldonetoallofyouwhoguessedcorrectly.Welldone.重要的是现今大多人工智能科学家Importantthoughitis,mostAIscientiststodaydon'tthink不认为图灵测试thattheTuringtestistheendofthestory是人工智能的终点forartificialintelligence.如今最先进的人工智能也未通过图灵测试EvenadvancedAIcan,tnecessarilypasstheTuringtesttoday.图灵测试只检测语言能力Turing'stestonlylooksatlanguage,而正如我们刚刚在莎拉那里见识到的andaswesawearlierwithSarah,你能和人工智能做的事youcandoinfinitelymorewithAI远不止于与之对话thanjusthaveaconversationwithit.令人惊讶的是一些我们人类Butthesurprisingthingisthatsomethingsthatwefind感觉很难的事情对人工智能则很简单reallyhardashumanbeingsturnouttobereallyeasyforAI而对人工智能很难的一些事andsomethingsthatareveryhardforAI对我们来说却极为简单areincrediblyeasyforus.下面我们会就此做个演示Sowe,regoingtohavealittleillustrationofthis.我们要玩个游戏”人工智能能做到吗”We'regoingtoplaytheCanAIDoIt?game,我需要一名志愿者andIneedavolunteer.请♥愿♥意当志愿者的观众举手Solet'shavesomehandsup,somevolunteers.好请你下来OK,you,comeondown.站在这里你叫什么名字Standhere.What,syourname?尼兰詹-尼兰詹好的谢谢你的参加Niranjan.-Niranjan,OK.Thankyouverymuchforjoiningus.接下来我们玩个小游戏一会儿请你看大屏幕Now,we'regoingtoplayalittlegameandmgoingtoaskyou然后我会向你展示tolookatthescreen,andwhat'sgoingtohappenis一些人们想让人工智能代替我们完成的任务mgoingtoshowyousometasksthatwemightwantAItodoforus,我想请你告诉我们你是否认为人工智能andIjustwantyoutotelluswhetheryouthinkAIcanactually能成这项任务好吗清楚了吗dothemornot.OK?Isthatclear?好的我们首先来看一道数学题Yeah?OK,so,let'sstartwithamathsproblem.各位观众请看屏幕OK,folks,lookatthis.如果你能解出这道题请举手有人会吗Handsupifyouthinkyoucandothisintheaudience.Anybody?有几个人Coupleofmoderately.好那边有几个信心满满的观众Oh,yes,someveryconfidentpeopleuphere.你呢你能解出这道题吗Whataboutyou?Doyouthinkyou