SARS triggered a public health issue of fiscal spending.docx

SARStriggeredapublichealthissueoffiscalspendingSAKStriggeredapublichealthissueoffiscalspendingBeginsattheendof2002andin2003,aftertheSpringFestivalinGuangdongandotherareasalarge-scaleoutbreakofSARSepidemiconChinasgovernmentisaseveretest.InthefightagainstSRSintheprocessofgovernmentfootthebillthedecision-making,thatis,toprovidefinancialguaranteesbytheGovernmentinthecrisisplayedareassuring,rapidtreatmentoftheeffectontheeffectivecontroloftheepidemichasplayedanindispensablerole.So,fromafinancialperspective,wecanforthisgovernmentpaycostsandbenefitsofanaccountbalance,analysisofChinasSARScrisis,thefinancialexpendituretobringthefieldofthinking.ResponsetoSARScrisis,thefinancialexpenditures(totalcostofthecrisis)-Centralandlocalfinancialemergenciesthathaveoccurredinemergencyspendingevenaftervariousefforts,theepidemichasbeeneffectivelycontrolled,butthefinancesarealsopaidahugecosttodothis,thecentralandlocalgovernmentsinrespondingtothisincidentinTunisiaFatincidentsexpenditureexceededthecostofanypreviousStateCounci1ofsuddenpublichealthincidentstoestablishemergencyresponsemechanismtotherequirementsofspecialfundsallocated310millionyuanforthefirstphaseofemergencyresponsemechanismsforfundingtheconstructionofthefirstdate,asofMay14,theCentralandlocalgovernmentstocombatSARS,atotalof12.6billionfunds,morethanthreeyearsfron1999to2001thesumofdisasterreliefexpenditures.scanbeseenfromtheabovedata,thecentralandlocalgovernmentsintheSARScrisis,emergenciesexpenditureisenormous.Inourcountrysbudgetarrangementstodealwithsuddenincidentsbudgetexpenditureshastwosubjects:First,thecentralfinanceandlocalfinancialreservefund,andsecond,includedinthepensionandsocialwelfarereliefpaymentsunderthedisasterreliefexpenditures.Chinascentralgovernmentbudgetfor2003,arrangedthegeneralreservefundof10billion,thisspent2billion(notincludingtheofficialfromthecentraltolocalSARSpreventionandtreatmentforthetransferofexpenses),belongstothelargesteverone-timeexpenditureoftime.Atal1levelsoflocalgovernmentexpenditureisaboutmorethan80billionyuanovertheextentofeconomicconditionsandtheepidemicvary.-TaxreductionandexemptionofthefeewaiverformoffiscalexpendituresinceMay9,thecentralandlocalgovernmentsissuedaseriesoftaxreliefpoliciesandmeasures,whichalsoconstitutealargetaxexpenditureandfinancialoffee-basedexpenditures,areductioninrevenuethisyear,thenumberofreality,accordingtolastyearsfinancialchargesandtaxrevenueestimates,thespendingbillionsofdollarsadozen,oramount.Asfollows:May9,theStateCouncildecidedtoMay1,2003unti1September30,2003,foragreaterimpactbySARSdining,hotels,entertainment,civilaviation,tourism,roadpassengertransport,waterwaypassengertransport,taxi,etc.thereductioninadministrativeservicefees,and15governmentalfunds.These15funds,theincomeofthecentralpartofal1thefree:arelocalrevenue,thespecificreductionratebythelocalGovernment.May11,theStateCouncildecidedtobeadirectimpactontheepidemicmoreprominentpartoftheindustryintheMay1,2003toSeptember30periodtoimplementpreferentialtaxationpolicies.Ofcivi1aviationandtourism,passengertransportoperationsshal1beexemptedfrombusinesstax,urbanmaintenanceandconstructiontax,educationfee.Inaddition,theprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesaccordingtothelocalepidemicandtheimpactonrelatedindustriestheactualsituationofproductionandoperationoftheimplementationofpreferentialtaxpoliciesareasfollows:Forthecateringindustry,hotelindustry,reduction,exemption,orstrictattentiontobusinesstax,urbanmaintenanceandconstructiontax,educationexpensesattached.Personalincomctaxexemptionfortaxidriversorreducethelevyquota.Fortaxicompaniesandreductionofurbanpublictransportcompanies,exemptedordeferrablesalestax,urbanmaintenanceandconstructiontax,educationfee.BeforeandaftertheStateDepartmentspoliciessupportingvariouspartsoftheotherpolicieshavegraduallybeenintroduced.IncludingBeijing,Shanghai,GuangdongandHangzhou,thepolicyismoretypical,includingfirst-1inehealthcareworkersandtaxiindustry,personalincometaxexemption:onhotels,restaurants,businessservicespartofthetouristnatureofadministrativefeesandoperatingfeewaiver;raisingtheexporttaxrebatesubsidyratio;increasefinancialsupportformedicalreserveforce;tocashflowdifficultiesofthetourism,catering,entertainmentSMEloanguaranteeforshort-termliquiditysupport;adjustedtransportation,tourism,entertainmenttaxfees,adozentaxpreferentialpolicies.-Asthemacro-economicslowdown(GDPgrowthrateofdecrease)causedbyhiddenfinancialexpenditureprojections,accordingtoeconomists,Chinasmacro-economicslowdowningrowthisdetermined.Optimisticallyspeaking,wi11drop0.2-0.5percentagepoints,pessimisticalIyspeaking,maydecrease12percentagepoints.Judgingfromthecurrentsituation,althoughthefirstfourmonthsthisyear,Chinastaxrevenueincreasedby30%,reaching727billionyuan,afigureequivalentto1.89trillionyuanlastyearstotaltaxrevenueof38.46%.Butthefirst-quarterrevenuehasgrownrapidlyandeconomicgrowth,taxcutswouldbeoffsetbydecline.AccordingtotheStateAdministrationofTaxationestimatesthattheimpactofeconomicslowdown,taxrevenuethisyearmaybereducedby300billionyuan(U.S.industrywillbe11efitfromthetaxrevenuegrowthanddamagetotheindustrytoreducethetaxrevenuetakenintoaccount).Otherfinancialcharges,andfundswillnaturallyslowdownasthepaceofeconomicgrowthanddeciine,al1ofwhichbroughtaboutthecurrentSARScrisis,thehiddenfinancialexpenditure,whichisanotasmallnumber.ChinasfiscalexpenditureonpublichealthanalysisofthesituationtotalhealthexpenditureistheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)tomeasurethetotalinvestmentingeneralhealthindicators.Itincludesthegovernmentbudgetpubichealthwasdeciining.Thedecade1991-2000,Chinastotalhealthcostsfromthetotalamountofthepresentyearbyyeargrowthtrend.Nevertheless,fromtheinternationalcomparison,Chinaspercapitahealthexpenditureintheworldrankingof191countriesin141,stilllowlevel.Thetotalcostofhealth,thegovernmentbudget,totalexpenditureonhealthhasalsoincreasedyearbyyear,from1991s20.23billionyuanto70.95billionyuantoincreasein2000,itaccountsfortheproportionoftotalhealthexpendilurehasdeclined,from22.8%in1991to2000to14.9%,residentsofpersonalhygieneexpenditureinthepastdecadeshowrapidgrowthmomentumin1991accountedfor38.3%oftotalhealthexpenditurein2000increasedto60.6%.11canbeseenthatchangesinthecostofChinastotalhealththesituationisadirectreflectionofChinashealthinsurancesystemreform,thatis,theplannedeconomyeraofthepubliclyfundedhealthcaresystemhasbeencompletelybroken,ourpopulationstartedtobecomeamajorburdenforhumanhealthexpenditure.However,theSARScrisis,Youjiusaquestion,thatwhilegovernmentspendingonhealthwillnolongerbeaburden,butthegovernmentpublichealthspendingisenough?-Fromthepublichealthservicesforthehealthfundsindicators,itsfinancialexpenditureasaproportionofthedecliningtrend:Governmentfundingforpublichealthservicesisincreasingthetotalfunding,butitisinthenationalfinancialexpenditureasaproportionofthedecliningtrendfrom2.36%in1996to2000,1.71%.ThisisevidentfromonesidetoreflectthoseinChinaexpenditureonpublichealthservices,thegrowthrateofGDPgrowthandtheratioisveryinconsistent,atleastthereisnoguaranteetheconsistencyoftrends.Thisistheinternationaleconomicdevelopment,increaseinvestmentinpublichealthatthesametimedifferentfromthecommonpractice.Aseriousshortageoffinancepublichealthexpenditures.Tnthisregard,itseemsthatcanhelpustoidentifytheSRScrisis.Chinaspublichealthsystemunpreparedpartofthereasonwhy.-Fromhealthfundsuseof,Chinaspublichealthexpendituretopreventivehealthcareandaverysmallproportionoftheruralgrass-rootsWHOChinaspublichealthprovision,medicalinstitutionstoensurethefocusofinvestmentisfunded,althoughthetotalfundingforhealthfrom1994to1997,increasedyearbyyear,butthehospitalsabovethecountylevelofoperatingexpensesexpendituresaccountedforthelargestproportionoftotalexpendilure,ifthehospitalsandthesumoftheproportionofChinesemedicinehospitalsinurban64.2%,56.5%inruralareas;forthetownship(neighborhood)hospitalsintheproportionofsubsidy,urban9.6%,rural23.8%:fortheproportionofpreventivecare,urban13.2%,rural15.6%.Inotherwords,thecurrentgovernmenthealthexpenditureismainlyusedformedicalinstitutions,especiallyhospitalsabovecountylevel,andaremainlypersonnelexpenditures,whileforruralprimaryandpreventivehealthcareserviceslowerproportionofthecost.RepostedelsewhereinthepaperforfreedownloadFromthepubichealthgains,Chinasexpenditurestofocusonlyonpreventionofcommondiseasescontrol,andlackofacomprehensivediseasepreventionandepidemicresponsesystemandtheabilitytoburstBenefitfromapublichealthperspective,preventionofdiseasedespiteoursmallnumberoffinancialinvestment,Chinasdiseasepreventionandachievedgoodresults,theresidentsgraduallyincreasedlevelofhealth,infectiousdiseasemortalityhasdecreasedtosomeextent,indicatesthatChinastheefficiencyofhealthservicesisrelativelyhigh.ThisseemstotheSRScrisis,themediacoverageofthepoorperformanceofChinasdiseasepreventionandagreat-lookingstatements.So,intheendtheproblemliesinthewrong?Firstofal1,thisyearsowell,thecauseofChinasdiseasepreventionisthepreventionoflong-termeffortsincethefoundingoftheresult,manydiseaseshavehadagoodvaccine,anditsincidenceinrecentyears,beguntofall.Second,theexistingstatutorydiseasepreventionhasbeenontherighttrack,theresidentsimprovedeconomicconditionsandthepurchaseofinvestmentproducts,toincreaseimmunization,andalarge-scaleoutbreaksofinfectiousdiseasesinrecentyears,thenumberoflow,sothelowertheannualinvestmenttoensurethehealthofresidentscanalsobe.Thirdly,itisagoodfoundationhasbeenachievedonthecarelessneglectofthesanitationandepidemicpreventionsystem,theconstructionandstrengtheningofepidemicprevention,itmakesthisnewemergingSARSvirusesaresorampant.ThisalsoexposedthehealthandepidemicpreventionworkinChinasshortcomingsandweaknesses,namely,raisethelevelofmedicalcaretoday,healthandquarantineinfrastructureconstruction,medicalequipmentanddiseasepreventionresearchworkhasnotbeenactivelydeveloped.And,inthepublichealthepidemicpreventionsystem,weonlyattachimportancetohaveasimplediseaseprevention,lackofvigilanceofnewepidemicsandinfectiousdiseases,newtypesofdiseases,poorresearchandresponsecapacity,lackofsuddenemergencyresponsemechanism.Candrawsuchaconclusion,intheprocessofmarket-orientedreforms,Chinasfinanceinthepubichealthepidemicpreventionsystem,thepositionwas,infactweakened.Therefore,thefinancialpubichealthexpenditure,weshouldmakeanewthinking.djustthedirectionofChinasfiscalexpendilureonpublichealthrecommendations-identifythegovernmentbuildinginpublichealthposition,increasetheproportionofhealthspendinginthisfiscalcrisis,sothatwerecognizethatgovernmentspendingonhealth,thepublicgoodsandquasi-thefieldofpublicgoods,shouldplayamoreimportantrole,wemustquestiontheprocessofre-understandingofmarket-orientedreformsingovernmentfunctionsandpositioning.ForabearingonthequalityofpeoplesIivelihood,andlabor-pub1ichealthproductsinthemarkettoprovideflawed,theGovernmentshouldplayaverygoodsupportprovidedbyitspublicfunctions.Therefore,publichealthproducts,financeshouldbetheirmostsignificantinputinperson.Budgetexpendituresinthefuture,theGovernmentshouldberapidgrowthinrecentyears,revenuecases,withgoodrevenuegrowthinfiscalrevenues,andotherpartsoftheestablishmentofalegalguaranteeofastablesourceoffundingandtheuseofmonitoringmechanisms.-Financialhealthexpenditureshouldincreasetheproportionofexpenditureonpreventivehealthcare,ourhealthcaresysteminthe2Othcentury,carriedout90yearsafterthetargetmarketintothereformofthefinancialburdentooheavytoaddresstheproblem.tthesametime,market-orientedhealthcaresystemhasalsobroughtanumberofrelatedissues.First,thehospitaisystemshouldhaveamarketregulation,hasreceivedfinancialsupportfromthegovernment(whichcanbeseenfromthefrontofthedata).Second,thelackoffinanceforinvestmentinpublichealth,resultingintheGovernmentshouldsupportthismovetowardmarket-orientedratherthandiseasepreventionsystemhasnotreceivedenoughfinancialsupportsothatthelong-termprimarypreventionandemergencymanagementinastateoflackoffunds.Third,subjecttomarket-orientedpatternofdramaticchangesinincomedistribution,theimpactofgrass-rootshealthandepidemicpreventionwork,thefocusshiftedtovarioustypesofrevenue-generatingservices,healthandepidemicpreventiondepartmentsatal1levelstousepublichealthfacilitiesprovidemarketingservicestoraisefundsandtakethepaidservicesoftheroad,Thisinevitablymakesthepublicepidemicpreventionsystembytheimpactofsectoralinterests,affectingthehealthsystemtodealwithmajordiseaseoutbreaksandemergenciesofadaptability.Thecrisis,sothatweclearlyseeinthemarketeconomytransitionprocess,theGovernmentinvestmentinpublichealthandmanagementintheabsenceandoffsidebehavior,therefore,shouldadjustgovernmentbehaviorandfiscalexpenditurestructure,increasethegovernmentindiseaseinputtopreventthecauseofreasonablepreventiveworkmanagementfortheresidentsandNationalDevelopmenttobuildafirst1ineofdefense.-Shouldbearationalallocationofemergencymedicalincidentspre-andpost-investmentrat100finputs,increasetheproportionoffiscalexpenditureinadvancetopreventInChinasfiscalexpenditureintherange,havelonghadanemergencymedicalincidentsrescuethiselement.Althoughthepreventivemeasures,toguideourlong-termhealthofanimportantspirit,buttheemphasisonpost-treatmentofideasandtherealityformanyyearswithoutmajorepidemics,resultinginsuddenSRScrisisinourcountryspublichealthsystemwithstoodaseveretest,andleadtothecentralandlocalbudgetsatalllevelsthisyear,aone-timeexpenditureofupto100billionyuantothisyearsbudgetfortheimplementationofgreatdifficulties.Therefore,wemustputintooperationbeforeandafterdealingwithagoodratiobetweeninputs.Beforeandafterinvestmentinapre-inputtime-consuming,andrequirethecontinuityofmulti-yearinvestmentandconstruction,sothetotalcapitalinvestmentmaybelarge,butthespecificinputsofeachyearisnottoomuch.Inaddition,comparedtopre-investmentduetolackofinvestmentcausedbysubsequentincreases,harmfullevelsofincreaseandthesubsequentincreaseinreplacementcostterms,theimportanceofsuchinputsisevenmoreevident.Therefore,thepre-andpost-investmentrat100finputsandrelationships,whichdeterminetheconfigurationofthispartoftheefficiencyofpublicresources,butalsotosomeextentdcterninetheemergencyresponsecapacityforcrisismanagement.Inaddition,theurgentneedtoestablishsuitableconditionsofourcountrysruralmedicalsecuritysystem,pre-buildingsystem.Otherwise,oncetherearenewepidemicsorotheroutbreaksofthediseaseintheruralareas,thatlosswillbeevenmoredevastatingandunimaginable.Therefore,increasingthefinancialstrengthofthepreventionofhealthspendingisalong-termbenefitsandshort-terminterestsoftherelationshipbetweentheshort-termeconomicgrowthandlong-termeconomicdevelopmentrelationship.Repostedelsewhereinthepaperforfreedownload