全球金融诈骗趋势评估报告（英）-24页.docx

EXeCUtiVeSUmmgy-KeyFirdirgSFinancialfraudhasieasedanddiversifiedsignificantly,bothintermsofthevolumeoffraudoffencesandthemethodsdeployedtoperpetratethem.Today,financialfraudrepresentsapervasive,globalthreat.Understoodasanumbrellacategory,encompassingthoseactivitiesthat"aimattheprocurementofafinancialgainthroughdeliberate,deceitfulactionsagainstindividualsandtotheirdetriment."frauddoesnotonlywreakmajorfinanciallossesOnindividualsandbusinesses,butalsounderminesdomesticandglobaleconomiesbyerodingtrustandweakeningtheintegrityoffinancialsystems.TheINTERPO1.GlobalFinancialFraudAssessmentconstitutesanin-depthanalysisofINTERPO1.dataholdingsonoffencesandoffendersrelatedtofinancialfraud,whichasbeenperpetratedagainstindividualsand/orbusinesses,includingINTERPO1.Noticesand/orDiffusionslinkedtofinancialfraudoffences.Thekeyfindingsfromthisassessmentinclude：,Themostprevalenttypesoffinancialfraudatthegloballevelareinvestmentfraud,advancepaymentfraud,romancefraudandbusinessemailmpromise; Financialfraudisincreasinglydependentoninformationandcommunicationtechnologies,whichbytheirnatureareglobalized,meaningthatfraudoperationsaretransnationalandoftentransntinenta; Finandalfraudismostoftenperpetratedbyanetv/orkofco-oHeders,wherethedegreeoforganizationvariesfromhighlystructuredtolooselyorganizedcrimegroups; Crimeconvergencefrequentlyoccursaroundfinancialfraudwherecybercrimes-as-a-servcandmoney-laundering-as-aserviceareimportantinempoweringfraudsters,bothindividualoffendersandcrimegroups. Whilemodioperandimaybeunderstood,lessisknownaboutfraudoffendersand"howfraudisorganized."andthereisanurgentneedtostrengthendatacollectionandanalysisonfinancialfraudinordertodevelopmoreinformedandeffectivecounterstrategies.Financialfraudisapredatorycrimewhichisperpetratedinanonymityandacrossborders.INTERPO1.remainsengagedtosupportmembercountriesintheglobalfightagainstfinancialfraud,fromdatacollectionandcrimeanalysistooperationalsupport.ThefindingsinthisreportarepartofanofanongoinganalyticalinitiativetoassesscurrentandemergingcrimethreatsinordertopfoducetheINTERPO1.GlobalCnmeThreatAssessment.WhtChwillbeavailabletolawenforcementnINTERPO1.memtjrcountriesinNovember2024.Offendersaremakinguseofemergingtechnology,particularlyArtificialIntelligence(AI)sucasdeeplakes.IodeceivetherViClimSandconcealtheiridentities;,InformationsuggeststhattheUSeof"scamcentres"orcompoundsareincreasinglyprevalent,includingthosewhichdependonhumanIrafIiCkingforforcedcriminalitywiththistrenddetectedinSoutheastAsia,West,EastandSouthernAfrica.EasternEuropeand1.atinAmerica;AmongthemanymodiOperandiwhichareusedtoperpetratefinancialfraud,INTERPO1.hasdetectedthatimpersonationfraud,investmentfraud,romancefraud,advance-paymentfraudandidentityfraudarethemostgloballypervasivethreats.RomancefraudAdvance-paymentfraudIdentityfraudOPERATIONNERVONEInJuly283,INTERPO1.anditspartnersUrgetedacriminalgroupbelievedtohavelaunchedover30SOPHISTICATEDSPEARPhiShmgcampaignsacross15countriesinAfrica,Asiaand1.atinAmerica,steelingpotentiallyosmuchasUSD30MI1.1.IONfromfinancialinstitutionsandmobilebanking“rvk$sinc2019.Romancefraud0atypeoffraudperpetratedbycriminals,whodevelopaTGlationship-ottrustand/otintimacywithvictims,oftencommencingthroughsocialmedia,datingappsandmessagingplatforms.ThevictimsareultimatelymanipulatedbyIheoffender,oftenmultipletimes,v/hoismotivatedbyfinancialgain,causingbothemotionalandfinancialharmtothevictim.Advance-paymentfraud,oneofthemostprevalentfraudtypes,involvesafinancialtransactionforfraudulentproductsorservices.Perpetratorsmayuseonlinecommercialwebsite,socialmediaplatforms,orothermeansforpromotingsalesofgoodsandserviceswh<hare>demandatsub-marketprices.Paymentisrequestedupfrontandpriortothereceptionofanyproductorservce.whichmayeitherbenon-existentOrsignificantlysub-standardfromhowtwasadvertised.Identityfraudreferstotheunauthorizedacquisitionanduseo<anindividual'spersonalinformation(usernameandpasswords.CrOdllcardcredentials,b>ometricdata,etc.)intendedforobtetk)nofanillicitfinancialgain.Identityfraudsterscangainaccesstopersonalinformationthroughsocialengineering(suchasphishing,smishing.ViShing.spoofing,etc.),systemintrusion(viatheuseofmalv/areorhackingtechniques)andphysicaltheftIdentityfraudisthereforecomprisedoftwoelements:ontheonehand,anenabler,whichreferstothetechniqueemployedfortheacquisitionofpersonaldataintendedforth。ObgnuOnofanillicitfinancialgamand,onIheotherhand,theuseofthesedataforsuchpurposesHeTeaner.Ihe8jesmnodnwyfraudwilloonMthreatpoedbyphiogssWeI88other8<x>eJarln0jtonMcriq>s.Fraudsterscanperpetrateidentityfraudwithoutthedirectinvolvementofthevictim,whoseidentityhasbeenstolen.Inadditiontostealingfunds,fraudstersoftensellcompromisedpersonalinformationononlinecriminalmarkets.Thispersonalinformationcanbefurtherexploitedbycriminalstocommitidentityfraud,rev>cbmizetargetsandfacilitatethedeceptivetechniquesusedotherfraudtypessuchasromancefraud.FinancialFraudandForcedCriminalityINTERPO1.researchandanalysisbroughttolightatrendinvolvinghumantraffickingforthepurposeofforcedonlinefraud.Thistrendreferstoamodusoperandiinvolving,ontheonehand.Victims（八）thosewhoaretraffickedandforcedtoconductonlinefraudinso-calledscamcallcentresorcompoundsand.ontheotherhand.Victims(B)-thosewhoaredelraudedoflargesumso*moneybythetraffickedvictims.Intheframework0,OperabonSTORMMAKERSI&II,INTERPO1.'SHumanTraffickingandSmugglingofMigrants(HTSM)Unitidentifiedlarge-scale.Cyber-enabledhumantraffickingoperationsperpetratedbyAsiancrimesyndicatesforthepurposeofforcedonlinefraudacrossseveralSoutheastAsiancountriesZTERPCC。皿Seane11dHvr>TratWccgtnS38EMA425OaxtMT22FMCVraCNTERPO1.torOrtCiUWOftlyINTERPCt.OMreSCefmandH>mnTMiinSoUbE«1Aeexe2-FromRegcoaltoGigTWeaiIPUB1.lCVe<sco06Mf2023NTERP(XQfoMicuwo11V.Whilstoriginally,traffickedindividualsweremostlyChinese-speakjngVtClims.asth©trendspread,bothrecruitmentanddefraudingstrategiesfurtherevolvedtoincludevictimsfromacrosstheworf<F.OPERATIONSSTORMMAKERSIANDIlIn2022tduringOperationSTORMMAKERS,INTERPO1.EHTSMUnitstartedre<eivingreportsoftraffickedvictimstrappedins<amcentresinSouthCastAsia.In2(n3.OperationSTORMMAKERSII1wh<hwasmedatidentifyinganddismantlingcriminalorganizationsengagedinhumantraffickif9andsmugglingofmigrants4entailedunique(o<usonthetrendofhumantraffickingforthpurposeofonlinefraudinSoutheastAsiaxndotherimpactedregions.Althoughitisimportanttonotethatnotallscamcentresdependontheuseofforcedcriminality,informationrecentlysharedbymembercountrieswithINTERPO1.suggeststhatscamcentresorcompoundsthatdoexploittraffickedvictimshavebeguntoemergeacrosstheglobe.In1.atinAmerica.INTERPO1.membercountrieshavereportedtheidentificationofasimilarmodusoperandiwereVictims（八）,whotypicallyoriginatefromtheregion,arerecruitedthroughfakejobadvertisements,sometimesinpublicspacesOnceinthecompounds,theiridentitydocumentsaretakenandtheyareforcedtocommitonlinefinancialfraud,mostlyintheformofadvance-paymentfraud,telecom1raudandimpersonationfraud.Theseschemestendtoinvolverelativelysmallsumsofmoney(betweenUSD100andUSD500),buttheyarereplicatedonalarge-scalethroughsocialmediaplatformsandonlinemarketplaces.Thefactthatsmallsumsareinvolvedoftendiscouragesvictimsfromreportingthefraud,whichpreventstheidentificationofthecriminalstructuresbehindthesefraudschemes.Furthermore,INTERPO1.hasbeennotifiedoftheexistenceofsimilarscamcentresinAfricancountries,targetingnotonlyindividualsandbusinessesintheAfricanregion,butalsoworldwide.RegardingEurope,andbasedoncasessharedWIlhINTERPO1.,scamcentreswerereportedlyactivesincethe2010sinEuropeancountriesamongothermembercountries.Ktoreover.andalthoughintelligencegapsremain,therearereportspointingattheexistenceofhumantrafficking-fuelledscamcentresinEasternEuropeanutries.whereIoCalgroupsarebelievedtobecollaboratingwithforeigncriminalorganizations.Inthesecases,Victims（八）arereportedlyfromtheMiddleEast.AsthismodusoperandicontinuestoexpandandtheprofilesofVictims（八）becomemorediversified,withvictimsfromAsia,Africaand1.atinAmericabeingheldinscamcentres,itishighlylikelythatthepooloftargetedVictims(B)willfurtherenlarge.Inaddition,theemergenceofAlgeneratedcontentwilllikelyincreasethereach,sophisticationandcapacityoffraudschemesconductedthroughtraf1icking-drivenscamcentres,resultingintheexpansionoffraudworldwide.HybridMethodsofFinancialFraud-TheEscalationofCryptoInvestmentFraudSince2022,INTERPO1.hasnotOnIyobservedanotableescalationincasesbutalsothegrowingcomplexityandsophisticationofonlinefinancialfrauds.On©trend,whichissometimesknownas*pigbutcheringe."hasrapidlyemergedasamajorconcernforlawenforcementwithvictimsfromacrosstheglobelosingmillionstosavvyfinancialfraudsters.Thisfraudisahybridmethodthatcombineselementsofromancefraudandcryptoinvestmentfraudwherecriminalsmanipulatecryptocurrencytradesanddisplayinflatedprofitstomotivatevictimstoinvestmoremoneyinfraudulentschemes.Cryptoinvestmentfraudfrequentlycommencesasatypeofromancefraud,withskilledfraudsterstargetingvictimsviasocialmediaplatforms,datingapplications,andoftenevensendingdirectmessagestophonenumbers.Thephenomenonofre-victimizationisarelevantaspectofthiscrimetype.Re-Viciimizationdoesnotonlyincreasethefinancialdamage,butitalsoaggravatesthepsychologicalandemotionaltraumaexperiencedbythevictims.Thismodusoperandi,beyonditsimmediatefinancialimplications,posessignificantchallengesduetoitsinternationalscaleandtheutilizationofcryptocurrencs.PHASE2:RAISEVictimsrealizethescamafterthecriminalshavealreadydefraudedthemoftheirinvestments.CriminalstargetindividualsthroughdigitalplatformstobuildtrustviaconstantcommunicationsandsocialengineeringJvtechniques.Criminalstacttullylurevictimsintoinvestinginseeminglylegitimateandprofitablecrypto-currencyVventures./PHASE3:S1.AUGHTERPHASE1:FINDThephasesofCryptoInvestmentFraud"(Source:IGCR2023),RecentINTERPO1.researchdemonstratestheexpandinggeographicalfootprintofthistrend.ThereisevidencethatthetrendisincreasinglyspreadingbeyonditsoriginalhubinSoutheastAsiaandisbeingreplicatedinotherregionssucasAfricaand1.atinAmerica,wherecallcentressimilartotheonesinSoutheastAsiahaveemerged.INTERPO1.informationconfirmthatAsianorganizedcrimesyndicateswererecruitingyouths,mainly9INTERPO1.p<½<810Musethee11inok>gy»IeASriohfinancefraJmouOPeirXi<o(o<s*ic6mandccetoc*hsrPoetib枪scstrncs.10IHTERPOt,2023INTERPO1.Gobs>CnmeAepc<tNovwtjer2023.p.19students,tocondudonlinefraudoutofcallcentresinSouthernAfrica.Thesecriminalsluretheirvictims,whoareprimarilybasedintheNorthAmericatoinvestinCryPtOCUrrenCyfraudschemes.INTERPO1.expectsonlinefraudschemes,includingromanceandinvestmentfraudslinkedtoCryptocurrendes,toincreaseinthenearfutureastheemergenceofthishybridmodusoperandiwilladdanotherlayerofcomplexitytothesefraudtypes.RegionalTrendsinFinancialFraudOPERATIONSDE1.I1.AH,FA1.CONI1.AFRICACYBERSURGEI&I1.CONTENDERBETWEEN2022AND2023fINTERPO1.CONDUCTEDSEVERA1.OPERATIONS,INC1.UDINGOPERATIONDElIlAHiOPERATIONFA1.CONII,AFRICACYBERSURGEOPERATIONI&II1ANDOPERATIONCONTENDER,ACROSSTHEAFRICANCONTINENTTARGETINGCRIMINA1.GROUPSANDACTORSENGAGEDINB£C,ROMANCEFRAUDS,CRYPTOCURRENCYFRAUDS,PHISHINGANDOTHERCYBERCRIMES”.AfricaTheAfricanfinancialsectorhasrapidlydigitalizedandtheregionisamonggloballeadersintheuseofmobilebankingandmoneytransactions.Thishasopenedupamultitudeofopportunitiestocriminalstoperpetratefinancialfraud.AccordingtoINTERPO1.-S2023AlricanCyberthreatAssessmentReport,BEC1phishingandotheronlinefraudsareagrowingconcerninAfricaduetotherap>dtransitiontoanincreasinglyd>gtalizdeconomyINTERPO1.ICytwcmDi0Ctof0!e).AFJOC-AfrtcanJortQMrBmC0Q9iMCyMfCrtm92023,hps八VWi11Bk11%eCdmg8*Crcrg'C>rcnmecperai>3115,AFJOC-AIhcan-Jort-Cpcr2on-3Qa11三t-C>rcnr!Iaccenxd13Fet<uary2CG4)INTERPO1.(CytcccnmffQrectoratel.AificanC>be11trealAjew11e11lReport2023:CterthrelTEd%.Ma2029.(acce-ssed12Fet<ar/2023).ExpandingInternetaccesscoupledWithpoorlevelsofdigitalliteracymakemanyAfricanseasytargetsforfraudstersandCytoercriminals.BECremainsoneofthe11x>stprevalenttrendsinAfrica,causingmajorfinanciallossesIorindividualsandbusinesses.ManyactorscarryingoutBECfraudhavebeenfoundobebasedinWestAfrica,buttheirvictimsareoftenbasedinotherjurisdictions.Thesecriminateoftenhaveconnectionswithlargercriminalnetworksworldwide,wichallowthemtotargetlargenumbersofvictimsonaglobalscale.Onlinefraudsincludeawiderangeoffraudulentactivitiesinthedigitalsphere.AdVanCe-PaymenVnon-deliveryfrauds,ecommercefraud,romancefraud,techsupportfraudandCfyptocurrency(investment)fraudareamongthemostcommononlinefraudandtheyarebecomingincreasingJyprevalentintheAfricanregion.AlsoofconcernistheincreasinguseofhybridcryptoinvestmentfraudinAfrica.CasesofthisfraudtypehavebeenidentifiedInWestandSouthernAfricatargetingvcmsinotherjurisdictionsbeyondthecontinent.CaaSisbecominganincreasinglypopulartrendinAfrica.Ithasloweredtheentrybarrierfornew.lesstechnology-savvycyber-iminals.andfacilitatescyber-criminals'maliciousactivitiesbyenablingthemtocarryoutsophisticatedattackswithouttheneedforadvancedtechnicalskills.INTERPO1.informationsuggeststhatcertainWestAfricancriminalgroupscontinuetogrowmor©transnationalandarewell-establishedincountriesandregionsacrosstheglobe.TheseWestAlncanorganizedcrimegroups,whichareengagedinPOlycriminaIity.areknowntobeinvolvedinandhaveextensiveskillsinonlinefinancialfraudsuchasromancefraud,investmentfraud,advancefeefraud,andcryptocurrencyfraud.OPERATIONJACKA1.INTERPO1.'SOperationJackal,launchedinMay2023.targetedWestAfricancrimegroupsin21ntriesacrosstheworldresultinginover100ARRESTSTHEOPERATIONA1.SO1.EOTOTHEB1.OCKINGOFOVER200BANKACCOUNTS1.INKEDTOPROCEEDSOFON1.INEFINANCIA1.CRIME.AmericasInlinewithglobaltrends,onlinefinancialfrauds,manyexploitingincreaseddemandsIormedicalsuppliesandothervulnerabilitiesheightenedbythepandemic,escalatedconsiderablyacrosstheAmericasregion,particularlytargetingprivatecitizenandbusinessesinNorthAmerica.The2022INTERPO1.GlobalCrimeTrendReportindicatedthatsomeofth©mostcommontypesoffraudwereimpersonation,romance,techsupport,advancepaymentandtelecomfrauds,s.BusinessesandtznsnIhtsregionhaveincurredhugefinanciallossesthroughonlinefinancialfraudThesethreatshavebeenreportedtoemanatemainlyfromAfricaandAsiawhereorganizedcrimegroupsliketheWeSlAfricancriminalconfraternitiesandAsiancrimesyndicatesoperaterespectively.Theriseinfinanciallossesthroughfinancialfraudalsoposesanincreasedmoneylaunderingthreat.Humantrafficking-fuelledfraudtinuestobeagrowingcrimephenomenon.AnINTERPO1.-Coordinatedoperation.OperationTurquesaV,revealedthathundredsofvictimsweretraffickedoutoftheregionafterbeingluredviamessagingappsandsocialmediaplatformsandcoercedtocommitfraud,includinginvestmentsfraudsinboilerroomsrnbycrimesyndicatesinSoutheastAsia'4.Thereisemergingevidencethat1.atinAmericancrimesyndicatesarealsoinvo>edintheCOmmisSionoffinancialfraud,atrendthatpresumablytookoffmorevigorous