unit4 Earthquakes(知识讲解).docx
Unit4Earthquakes目标认知点词汇burs,ruin,injure,shock,rescue,rap.bury,congratulation,judge重点烟语righlaway,a(anend.a(great)numberof.digout.点句型1. too.to的用法2. All.not.不是全部的都3. .asif.犹如学问讲解1. rightaway(原句回放】ImagineyourhomebeginstoshakeandyoumustleaveitrightHway.T/设你的房子起先晃动,你必需马上离开。【点拨】Hghiaway意为“马上,立刻“,同义短语为aonce。Arcyouleavingrigh(away?你.立刻就走吗?Callthepolicerightaway.上报警!【拓展】表示t,马上”的知语:rightaway,withoutdelay,immediately,alonce,innotime,righlnow(rightnow强调此刻,相当于a(hisInOlneIM>Pleaseseeimothismatterwithoutdelay.请马上调查这件事情Rightnowiamin1.ondon.此刻我在伦敦2. burst原句回放Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburs.在市内,有些建筑物的水管爆裂了.点拨burst(buEburst)E裂开:胀破;爆裂Theballoonsuddenlyburst,气球突然S炸了。Ifeltasifmyheartwouldburstwithjoy.我觉褥H己兴奋窗心花怒放.r.爆发:突然爆裂Itendtowortinbursts.我的工作劲头往往是一阵一阵的。abstofanger勃然大怒【拓展】常用短语:burstinto+n.=burstoutdoingsth.突然起来burstintotearx,Songdaughtcr=burstoutCtyingZsingingZlaughing突然大哭M歌/大笑burstintoaroom三三breakintoaroom破门而入Heburstinto(heroomwithoutknocking.他不敲门就进了房间.burst(sth.)open(使)突然打开burstin突然打断,插嘴burstwith充溢Theroadsareburstingwithcars.路上塞满f汽车。bebursting(odos(h,急于或迫切想做某犷ata(one)burst一11气,一下子3. atanend(原句回放】1(seemedasiftheworldwasatanend.仿佛到了世界末日!【点拨】atanend结束,终结Thehotdaysarcatlastatanend.燥热的天气最终结束j!【拓展】常用短谙,altheendof在终点:末端(指时间或空间的一个终点)byheend”到结束时:到时候为止(常与完成时态连用)BytheendofIascmonth,hehadhccnonthatshipfortwoyears.到上个月为止他在那艘船上已经两年了.bring$lh.toanend(使)结束:终止cometoanend结束make(bo<h)endsmeet使收支相抵:"t人为出,靠微薄收入为生putanendto使结束Theyearisalanend,coningtoanend.一年结束f。intheend地终,结果Shetriedmanycimcstopasstheexam,andintheculshesucceeded.他试了很多次去通过考试.最终他成功了.4. ruin(原句回放Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinmins.在可怕的十五秒钟内,,座大城市变成了废城.【点拨】win.毁灭:废墟.表示“废墟、遗地Tw常用mins:(heruinsofancientRome古罗马遗迹:inruins荒芜的:be/Heinruins严峻受损;破败不堪:fallin<,otoruin衰落:败落hccastlenowliesinruins.这座古堡已成废墟.bringslh./sb.tomin使第物毁灭:使某人破产Thewarbroughtruin(othecountry.斗争毁了这个国家,u毁坏:掉:使破产Iwasruinedbythelawease.我被那场官司搞褥败尽家业.ZinOneidf毁掉自己minone'shopes使某人布9!破火【拓展】destroy,ruin,damage的区分damage指部分叫员坏“、,破坏”或指运用价值有所降低,它可以用作动词,也可以用作名词,用作名词时常与tosomething连用。Hundredsofhousesintheareaweredamagedbythestom.绿风雨毁坏了这个地区数以百计的房屋。Theaccidentdidalotofdamage(ohiscar.这次车祸使他的车受到很大的损坏Odestroy只能用作动词,指彻底破坏,以致不行能修女,常作,破坏"、啜灭解,也可以指希望、安排等打破.TheearthquakedestroyedalnoslIhcwhole(own.地震几乎毁灭了警个城钺.Hishopeofbeingawriterwasdestroyed,他想成为一个作空的希里破火了。ruin则表示破坏严以致不能修兔.但这种破坏不像出而Oy那样毁灭某物,而是强网致使该物的运用价值发生了问题,用作动词时.它作使毁灭'使崩溃X解:用作名词时,它衣示“毁灭,“瓦解”“坡城”等抽象概念。Thehousehasallenintoruin.房子倒塌了。Thecompanyisfeeingruin.这家公司面临破产.5. digout(原句回放】Thearmyorganized(camslodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.军队组成小分队,将受困的人们挖出来,将死者掩埋,【点拨】digout挖出,翻找出hcinjuredmenhavebeendugoutofthesnow.受伤人员从当中被挖f出来“Thetruthwasdugout.口相被揭露出来了WhydidyoudigoutallIheseoldmagazines?你把这些小杂志翻出来做什么?【拓展】相关短语:digdown挖倒digin挖土以海进(肥料等);起先做细致工作digfor发掘,搜集(资料等)diginto钻研,掘进去digat讽刺.挖苦6. a(great>numberof【原句回放】Suchagreatnumberofpeoplediedbecausethequakehappenedwhiletheyweresleeping.这么大数版的人们死去是因为地J发生时人们正在睡觉.【点拨】agenumberof很多、大量的,后面确定要加可数名诃发数.AgrcalnumberofProblCmShavearisen.出现f很多问题Theconcertaurac<edagreatnumberofpeople.音乐会吸引了很多人。【拓展】我示-很多'.的短语归纳:后按可数名询复效,alaegrcal,gdnumberof:agreat''goodmany:aBOOdfew/quiteafew后按可数名询单(,manya可数名词单数+单数谓语动词后接不行数名词tagreat/gooddealof;agreat*Iargcamountof;quiteaIiulc后按可数名利/不行数名询均可taImo。lotsof:agreat'largequantityof:largequantitiesof:plentyof7. injure(原句回放】Two-IhirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringIheearthquake.1分之二的人在地徭中死亡或受伤,【点拨】injure以损害:使受伤:injure也可以友示“损害名咨,损害(感情)1.Hisbackwasinjured.他的后背受伤Thereweretwopeopleinjuredin(hecaraccident.在这次车中有两人受伤。Hespokeinaninjuredvoice,他用委屈的声音说话。injury比损害,损害injuredadj.受伤的(heinjured伤者doaninjurytosb,投3?某人aninjuredlookcxp<cssion委屈的样W发情【拓展】辨析injure,wound»hurtinjure指由于意外或事故受伤,为一时难愈之伤。HcCarflplaytodaybecausehe'sinjuredhisknee.因为伤了膝益,他今I不能竞赛wound指外伤,特殊是枪伤,刀伤、剑伤.hcbulletwoundedhisarm.子弹伤了他的胳肿hurl是“受伤”的一般用语,既可指肉体上的损杏,亦可指精神上的损害,还可做不及物动词,意为“难受:引起苦弼1.Hiswordshurtme.他的话伤我了Mykneeshurtandmyfeethurt.too.我的膝盅痔.脚也住.8. shock(原句回放】Peoplewereshocked.人们感到版惊Q【点拨】shockE“使震惊”,语气剧烈.以人做主语时,用被动形式.后接介词auby时表示“对惊讶>后接不定式时表示“因做某事而惊讶:beshockedat,'by.对感到凝惊beshocked(odos(h.很惊讶地Itshockedsb.toscc-,hcar.到川斤到(史某人震惊hcywereshockedbyherrudeness.他们被她的用件震惊fi.IlShOCkCnlme(othinkhowclosewehadcomeIobeingkilled.出到我们差点丧命,我胆战心惊。此冲击,薇惊,表示“一件令人惊讶的事Fj一股为可数名词.WithyfrOmshock由于震惊sufferfromshock休克beashock(osb.对某人来说是一个打击hwasagreatshockforhimwhenhiswifedied.他屏手的死对他来说是,个重大的打击C【拓展】EhoCking令人震惊的骇人听闻的:ShOCkCd受震惊的,惊博的Theresultofthegameisshocking.嬉戏结果令人熊惊。mshockedathischange.我对他的变更特别惊讶.9. rescue(原句回放】Solneof(berescueworkersanddoctorswere(rappedUlKIerIhemins.有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟中,【点拨】rescueE救援.救助rescuesb./Slhfrom.把某人,某物从中解救出来rescuesb.fmdanger救某人脱险Theyrescuedtheboyfromdrowning.他们挽救了落水的孩子.Herescuedthreechildrenfromtheburningbuilding.他从燃烧的隹筑物中救出了三个孩子。,救援;营救,可以放在名词前作定语,Therescueteammadetenrescuesinaweek.救援队周进行了十次救援JJ作.cometo,gotosb,srescue%/去营救某人【拓展】辨析rescue,saverescue"营救:援救”,指从干腑的、燃眉之急的危急中解救CAteamwassentaway(orescue(hepeopletrappedinthefire.一支队伍被派去救援困在火灾中的人<11SaVC救:挽救,为一般用语,指通过救援使其脱离危急祸方并能平安牛存卜去。Theycouldthinkofnoway(osavethesituation.他们fl!不出什么方法来挽救这个局势。i.trap【原句回放Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedunderthemins.Yf些救援人员和医生被困在度处中。【点拨】IraPM困住:关住:使陷入危急之中betrappedin.困住中,陷在中trapsb.intodoingsth.i秀Sft某人做某事Thecarwasl11ppvdinthedeepsnow.汽车陷在厚厚的当中。,陷阱:圈套lx)k!Amousewascaughtinthetrap.看,只老次撞进陷阱。Shehadsetatrapforhimandhehadwalkedstraightintoit.她为他设下了一个圈套,他径直走进去了。11. bury(原句I可放】Thearmyorganized(camstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedaitobur)(hedead.军队组成小分队,将受困的人们挖出来,将死者掩埋.【点拨】buryv.安葬:理叫BHKWhereissheburied?她被葬在哪.?Thedogburiedaboneintheground.狗埋了一块忖头在地下.bur>,one'sfacemone'shands双手掩面Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandcried.她双手掩面,哭了buryoneselfinsth./doingsth.=bcburiedin用心致志于buryoneselfinSlUdy埋头探讨beburiedinthoughts深思beburiedalive被活埋12. congratulation(原句回放】Congratulation!WearepleasedtoIellyouthat.庆贺你!我们特别兴奋地告知你congratulation庆贺:贺词”,常用复数,但表抽IjS义时不用品数offcr.,scndone'scongratulationstosb.onsth.就某事向某人表示庆贺WCoffevdourcongratulationsIohimonhissuccess.我们就他的成功向他表示庆贺QWe'regettingmarried.我们要结ift了一Congratulations!庆燹你!congratulatev.庆贺congratulatesb.UIVIlPonsth.庆贺某人Icongratulatedthemallontheirresults.我对他们的结果衣示庆2hcongratulatesb.ondoingMh.庆贺某人做了某事congratulateoneselfon(doing)sth.庆幸自己(做)某小ICongratulalcdmyselfonhavingchosenagoudwomanIobemywife.我很庆拿自己娶了一个好女人做妻子。【拓展】辨析CongrmwaIacelebrateCongmtUmC”庆贺多是个人行为个人之间的庆贺.SlCbraIC"庆祝”,后面常接生日、成功、纪念日等名词,即宾语是sih.通常是以多人参与的某种形式进行.Wc7ccelebratingourgrandpa'sninetiethbirthdaynextweek.我们下周要庆祝奶奶的九十岁生日,13. judge(原句回放】Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejlges.allofwhomagreedIhalilWaS(hebestonethisyear.五人评审团听了你的演讲,样同意这是本年度最住演讲C【点拨】judge上战判员:法官ThcjudgetSdecisionisfinal.裁判的确定为最终确定.Thejudgesentencedhimiofiveyearsinprison.法官判他五年监禁Cu判定:推断:认为Asfaras1canjudge,allofthemarctoblame.依我在他们都该受到贪怪“WhalgivesyoutherightIojudgeolherpeople?你有什么权利去给别人当战利?judgingfronVby.从推断Judgingfromhisaccent,heisanAmerican.从他的腔时推断,他是美国人,Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover.勿以貌取人.judgesbslh.tobe认为某人、某物Ijudgchimtobeabout50.我认为他大约五十岁-14. rise,raise词义辨析【原句回放】Thecyclistshope(oraisemoney(ohelptensofthousandsofchildrenindisas(erhiareasinChin,自行车手们希里能募集一些钱来相助中国受灾地区的成千上万的孩子.【点拨】HIiSC在句中意为“募集,相当于COlkXUmisc为及物动词意为“举起:使升起:提高;喂养;好集Irise是不及物动词,意为“上升;上液;增加。Herosefromhischairwhenthedoorbellrang.当门卷响起的时候他从椅子上站起来。Manyshopshave-theirprices.很多商店已经涨价了.Hcrjobisraisingchickens.她的I:作是养鸡,Ilertemperatureisstillrising.她的1度还在上升。15. nation,country,state词义辨析【原句I可放】Onc-Ihirdof(henationfeltit.这个国家的.分之,都感觉到了。【点拨】country指国家时,蜴重疆土或人口ChinaisaSixrialistcountry.中国是一个社会主义国家Cnaiion指国家时,IMHl人民、民族。Thewholenationwassadatthenews.听到这个消息,举国哀痛.sutc指国家时,侧重政体、政府,也可指组成国家的“州,aNATOmemberSUllC一个北约成员UlQueenslandisoneof(hestatesofAustralia,昆士兰是澳大利亚的一个州。16. event,accident,happeningoccurrence词X01析【京句利放】Bintheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleep於USUHthdlnighl.但是这个城市唐山市)的一百万市民几乎都没有把这的状况当回事,当晚照常睡希了。【点拨】CVCIU主要指垂要的事务(国家的、社会的、边界的等)ThiSisoneofthechiefeventsofthisyear.这是今年发生的重要事务之一accident一皎指意外发生的不幸事务。Over70.000peoplearekilledorseriouslyinjure<leveryyearinroadaccidents.每年在道路事故中有超过七万人丧生或严皎受伤.(Kcurrcncc和happening多指H常生活中发生的一般事务,SobeingkilledbysharkswasaCOnlmOnoccurrence,那么被错他损宙就是常见的事了。Thereweresomeunusualhappeningsa(schoollastweek.上周学校发生了一些不同寻常的事C点句型1. t(M>.t的用法【原句I可放】Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweret<M)nervoustoeat.在农家院子里,勒,甚至猪惊慌得吃不下东西。【点拨】too.to太而不能,具有否定意义Sheistooshortloreachthebookontheshelf.她太矮了.够不着架上的书。=Sheisnottallenoughtoreachthebookontheshelf.-Sheissoshortthatshecan*lruachthebookontheshelf.与too.to.fi义相反的结构是enough.to.Hc,soldenoughtotravelbyhimself.他修大了,可以自己旅游了”tooto在下列状况中表示确定意义,1 .当k>而有far.much.but.only等加强语气的词修饰时,意为“特别/特别”。WitngJunwasonlytooglado11ehisgirlfriend.王军特别兴奋地见到他女挚友:2 .当too后面接anxious,eager,glad,happy,pleased,kind等表示某种心情或描绘性形容词时.表示确定意义.TheIwothieveswerelooanxiousU>leave.两个贼急于肉升。mtoodelightedtoacceptyourinvitation.我特别兴奋地接受你的邀请。3 .too前面有否定词(1never,can)时表确定,”特别.不会不*It'snevertoldtolcam.活更!老学到老.2. All11ot不是全部0【原句回放】AHhoPeWaSnotk)式,不是全部的希里都破灭了。【点拨】否定词no或not等与表示总括意义的不定代词.如everything,everybody,both等连用时,表示部分否定,其完全否定形式用nothing,nobody,none.ncilhcr等表示部分否定,AllanswersarvIKHCOrreC1.=Noiallanswersarecorrect.不是全部的答案都对。Notbothofthcmsmoke.=Bothofthemdon,tSmokC.并不是他们两人都吸烟,完全否定,NoneofIheanswersiscorrecl.全部的答案都不对。Neitherofthemsmokes,他们俩都不吸烟。【拓展】领度剧词。fnRW咿等与no连用也是部分否定,表示,并特别常并非总是。Hedoesn'toftencomelate.他并特别第迟到,Heisnotalwayssosad,他不总是这么难过。3. SSi就如【原句回放】Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!看起米似乎世界末H到了!【点拨】第if是连词词组,意为“似乎,似乎相当于asthough一般用于句型IlkxZSeemSaSif中,其意思是“看起来似乎1.假如所引号的从句表示的状况是真实的或是极有可能发生的状况时,句子要用陈述语气:当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的状况时.从句用虚拟语气.Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.他们交谈起来就像今年的老挚友。ShelovesIhechildrenasiftheywereherown.她会这些孩子就像他们是她自己的孩子一一样.Helosthistemperasifhewouldkillhiswife.他发起旗!气来似乎要杀掠他妻子.Illooksasifitgoingtorain.看起来似乎要下雨了。【拓展】用法类似的句ShItseems(losb.)IhaGasif.(对某人来说)似乎,asif后面可用成拟语气。SeenHobe/like+w.似乎似乎seemtobedoingsth./seemtohavedonesth.似乎正在做/已经做T某事seem(tobe)-nJadj.似乎是Thereseemstobe.似乎有ISeelned(ohaveleftmybookmhome.我似乎把书落在家里了,hlooksasiftheyarchavingapartynextdoor.看起来他们在隔雕开一个流对°