6090212-毕业论文.docx

CONTENTSIIntroduction11TheDifferentChineseandWesternNewsAngles2.1 "I-ePerspectiveofConception2.1.1 TliePerspectiveOfChineseNews2.1.2 ThePerspectiveOfWeSlernNews52.2 TheMaterialSelection52.3 TheDifferenceofPresentationMethods72.3.1 NarnilionvsDescription72.3.2 ChineseNewshaveManyDiscussions,whileWesternNewsThIkIaSS6IIICausesofDifferencesofChineseandWesternNewsAngle73.1 TheRcspcctofCulturalBackground93.1.1 EthicalCultureandIndividualFreedom93.1.2 "CoexistenceofHumanandNature"and"SeparationofHumanand3.1.3 e"103.2 TheDifferentNewsValueRespective103.2.1 TheInterest123.2.2 TheSignificance133.3 TheDifferentWaysofThought143.4 TheDifferentIdeology153.4.1 ChineseMedia'sIdeologicalCharacteristics163.4.2 WesternNewsmedia'sIdeological/Mtribute16IVConclusion18/Xcknowledgements20Bibliography21themeofthenewsandmakereportscanclosetoreadersheart,theymustworkhardtochoosegoodangleofnews.Theangleofnewsisthekeypointfor(hereporterstoexplore,digoutandnarratethenewsfacts.,Thcmountainshowsitsdifcrcntfeaturesindifferentlevelsnearandfar.*Sothedifferentanglesdecidethedifferenceinobservationandrecognition.Infict.whatcanbeseenandwhatcannotbeseenarcalsodecidedbytheanglethebroadcasterchooses.Therefore.IbdorovTzvctan.theFrenchphilosopher,thinksthatanglehasthemeaningof(hetlrs.Tlienewsmediacompetitionisnotentirelyininformation'sspeedandamount,moreisCompelitionofnewsAngle,andthedistinguishmentofangleisthebiggestdifferencebetweenthenewstexts.SowhatisthenewsAngle?Adictionar>,ofmodernjournalismexplainstheNewsAngle"thekeypointandemphasisthatreporterfindintheinter,iewandnewswritingtoknowandshowthenewsfacts."Allfactorsandvariousprofilescnsli(tingthethingscanbechosenastheangleofnews.Toselectanangle,firstly,thereportershouldbeobjective,andfullyandtrulygraspthefactsfromtheentireandinessence;andthenoneshouldcatchthecharacteristic,thatisthemostoutstandingandtypicalaspectsofathing.Again,theremustbecreative,andthesameonething,becauseofdifferentconception,cangivepeoplethedifferentfeelings.StudyonthecomparisonofChinesejournalismisstartstumblingonlyafterthereformandOpeningup,andreallydevelopalsowasin(he199()oIhe2()CenIUry.CompanitivcjournalismstudiesinChinacanberoughlydividedintothreestages:firststagelateinthelate1970ofthe20thcentury,isitsgerminationperiod:secondphaseinIhe199()ofte20Ihcentury,itsgrowthandinitialmaturity;thirdPhaWibrthenewccnlury.itsperiodofprosperityanddeepening.Butfromanoverallperspective,comparativejournalismstudiesinthefieldofjournalismasawholeisstillweak,immature,whetherfromtheapplicationofresearchmethodsandtheory,orresearchcontent,objects,exhibitionofperspectiveanddepthhasfurtherextensionofthepossibilityandnecessity.Comparativejournalismisbeginningintheearly20thcenturyinanewdisciplinerelaxandfunnystyle.Sothemediadescendtothesensationallyculturaltooltocatharsisandmakethesenseofpleasure.EvensomeInCdiawhoseintentionwastodoseriousprogramwerenotspared.BecausetheU.S.mediacompetewithaudienceratingsandcirculation,soitishardtoavoidnotblindlypursuingsellingpoints,dramaticelementsandtopleasetheaudiencewiththe"anecdotefun”.TliisisalsoledthevulgarizationofUnitedStatesnewsappear.SocialistjournalisniisgivenprioritytoCarryouttheprincipleOfPOSitivepublicity.Socialistmediaagenciesandthevastmajorityofjournal!sts,innewspropaganda,willmainlyfocusonreportingthemainstreamofthesociety,eulogizingthatthemassundertheleadershipofthepartyhavecreatedgreatperformance.Toreflectprogressofthought.newconceptsandnewliferepresentingthecorrectdevelopmentdirectionofthecommunityhasbecomethemaincontentofnewsbroadcast.IIowever,theChinesejournalismdoesnodenyreportingthedif11cultiesandproblemsoccurredintheSocialistConSlnlClion,andnotrejecttocriticizetheaullsanderrorsofthegovernmentandtheparty.Onthecontrary,themainlypositivepublicityandhecertainexposureandcriticism,cancomprehensivelyretiedthepanoramaofsocialistconstruction,andbettercarrjouttoworkintheserviceofsocialism,thebasicprincipleofservingthepeople.NegativeinformationinChinaincludetheproblemsandchallengesfacedwithinreformanddevelopment,suchastheunemployment,officialcorrption,medicalreform,thegapbetweenrichandpoor,environmentalpollution,andsoon,andallkindsofnaturaldisastersandproductionliabilityaccident.Reportingthenegativefactsdocsnotc<ualtonegativereport.NegativereportreIerstoallthereportsinvolvethefactsthatallthenewsmediabreakingthelaworethicalmorality,beingagainsthumansocialprogressivetrend,anddamagingtheinterestsofthehuman.NegativereportisoneofthemajordifferencebetweenChineseandwesternnewsreport.Forexample,in2(X)3.amongthe14newsstoriesaboutwinningthe87thannualPulilzcrPrize,13piecesofthemwerethenegativereports.AndthewinningmediawerethefamousbroadsheetintheAmericaevenintheworld,suchasNew¾rkTimes,W<shintonPostandTheWiiliStreetJournalandsoon.Onthecontrarj,.inChina,in2001,of209piecesofnewsworksgetthejournalismawards.theyarcmorerationalandmatureandobjective,alsoleavingthereadersadequatethinkingandimaginationspace,butdonotcausethereader'smentalset.orInOreseriouslytoPnKIUCCpsychologicalantipathyandrejection.1.ookalthefollowingtwocontrastexample:探访中国破终穴居部落贵州省安顺市紫云县水塘镇塔井村,丛山之间,海拔约1800多米、接近山顶的洞窟里,住着20户苗族人家,他们的栖身之地阳“中洞'上世纪50年头,他心和阻荤从居住f百年的“下洞”往上迁伏,搬至中洞,这一住就是6。年.为了让他们从洞窟中迁出,当地政府想了许多法子,甚至在不远的山建了萩居，但是只有几户人家情愿定出洞窟-Ih下不远处,当地政府修建的豉房大部分被闲织问及缘由,窗到的段名回答是:贵州多雨、山下路滑,洞内不漏雨、洞外潮喝,不易储存柴火.洞内群居平安,云云.这些理由,听起来多少有些不符合逻辑，又或者,是这个习惯群居的洞窟部落不想给自己试若掇到山下的理由和机会。在诚市人看来，中洞堆的人家好像过着世外桃源般的隐居生活，然而,事实上.他们付出了比山下人更多的辗转辛苦,日子也相对清苦.但是,洞里的大多数A宁愿维持现状，许多人还希枭自己的孩子也沿强这种生活方式.假如迂拔至山卜对他们来说将是一次巨大的改变,所以,IhF,或许对他们有诱惑,但始终敌不过这个洞窟之家.TheChinesenewsreportfirstlydescribedthescene,position,scenery,localconditionsandcustomsaswellasthelatestchangesoftheChina'slasteavetribe.Butintheend.theauthor'spointofviewshowedup:"thepeopleinZhoudongareseemslivingascclusivclifelikeArcadia","thelifeisrelativeplain","theoutsideworldhasmanytemptations,butitwillnevermatchtheeavehome"InAmericanEnglishnewsreports,thiskindofspeechisveryfew,lookatthefollowingexample:NewarticlehasPho100fdogs，nakedIraqiPrisonerWASHINGTONJounialistSeymourHershwmteanewarticleinTheNewYorkermagazinethisweekthatincludesaphotographthatshowsAmericanguardsapparentlysetting(togxonanakedprisoneralBaghdad'sAbuGhraihPrison.ItisthesecondconsecutiveweekIh(UHershhaswritteninthemagazineaboutgroupconsciousnessandthesocialconsciousness,andbelievesthatthepersonalinterestsshouldbesubjecttotheinterestsofthewholesociety.Moreover,itpraiseshighlyanobleseiHessdedicationvalue.Menciushadsaidthat,"Foundationoftheworldarccountries,foundationofcountrjarcfamilies,foundationoffamilyarconeself."Itmeansthatthepersonalfateiscloselylinkedwiththefateofhisfamilyandthewholecountry.Therefore,theChinesetraditionalculturevalueshumanrelationsbutnature,valuethegroupsbuttheindividuals,valuethejusticebutthebenefit,valuethedoctrinebutdisvaluethevessel.ThetraditionalChineseculturea11ectspeople'svaluesandthinkingn)dcdeeply.ThewesthadcultivatedthewesternPerSOnalstandardculture.DuringtheRenaissance,(hewesternrequestforthepersonalvalueanddignitywasreleasedfromtheshadowofmagisterium.Andthen.Humanismideologyhasbecomethechiefthoughttrend.Fromthisspecificsense,thewesterncultureistheindividualismculture.Theindividualismactsonwesternnewsmedia,whichhastheobviouspracticalsignificance.Ononehand,thereport'scontentandthoughtmainlyabouttheindividuasactivitiesandIhOUghis,evenexaggeratetheindividuasroleplayinginhesocietyandhistory.Onlhcotherhand,theindividualismalsoreflectsintheeffectofreport.Thatis.whetherthegoodorbadeffectsaredirectlyrelatedtothesuccessorfailureofmediaor(hereportersthemselves.Thusitcanbeseenthattheinterestsofsocialgroupshouldbeplacedbythepersonalinterests.3.1.2"CoexistenceofHumanandNature"and"SeparationofHumanandNature"AncientChinesePhilOSOPhyadvocatedtheconceptof"coexistenceofhumanandnature",thatmeanshumanandnature<.humansocietyareharmoniousandunited,<ndthehuman'sultimatestateforhappinessandjoyistoliveinharmonywithsurroundings.ThisthoughtnotonlyreflectstheoptimismintraditionalChineseculture,butalsoembodythewholenation'svalueorientationofgrandunificationinthespiritlevel.necessity."Therefore,differentfromChina'smediawhichareboundupinachievementreportsandpositivenewscoverage,thewesternn>ediaareobviouslylackofinterestforthatkindofthcnw.Onthecontrarj.theyusuallyinstinctivelydoubtthetruthandobjectivityofthereportitsown.Thenewsreporters,whoinheritedthecorespiritof"Separation",liketoCXlrUdCthepersonalexistence,sotheyarcfullofnon-11tionalemotion,andfondofpursuingenthusiasm、mysteryandexcitement.3.2TheDifferentNewsValueRespectiveFirstofall,weshouldclarifythekeyconception:newsvalue.Newsvalue,sometimescallednewscriteria,determinehowmuchprominenceanewsstorj,isgivenbyamediaoutlet,andtheattentiongivenbytheaudience.Boydstatesthat:"Newsjournalismhasabroadlyagreedsetofvalues,oftenreferredtoas'newsworthincss,."Theformationoftheidea-Newsvalue-isofteninfluencedbyagroupconceptinthespecificareaandtheregionalculture.Thesameregionalethnicorculturalcirclemembers,itsvalueconceptsandft>rmsgenerallycanpresentasimilarity.Thismakeseachmemberofthenationalcommunityiseasytoaccepttheknowninformation,andrejectothersvaluesthatdeviatedfrom(heirs.However,newsvaluesarenotuniversalandcanvarjwidelybetweendifferentcultures.InWesternpractice,decisionsontheselectionandprioritizationofnewsaremadebyeditorsonthebasisoftheirexperienceandintuition.Chinaandwesternnewsacademicsallrecognizednewsvaluefiveelements:stylish,proximity,significance,(heimportanceandinterest.ButtocontrastChineseandwesternnewswork,itCanbefoundthattheChineseandwesternpresshavedifferentemphasisonnewsvalueelementsandstandardtochoose.3.2.1 TheInterestNewsisreportedforpeopletoread.Thereisnodoubihatitisaseriousquestionweathereachofcoveragecanmaketheaudicwcsbeinterestedin.Abouttheinterest.Chinesemediahavedifferentcognitionwiththewesternpress.Westernjournalistsandnewsscholarspaymuchattentiontothiselement.Intheiropinions,theprimaryandmainpointofnewssensitivityisthatifajournalistcanjudgeanewsfactthatcancausetheinterestofaudienceornot.becausetheyconsiderthiselenwntasameasureofnewsvalue.JohnB.Bogart,cityeditorofTheSunbetween1873and1890,madewhatisperhapsthemostfrequently(otcddefinitionofthejournalisticendeavor:"Whenadogbitesaman.whichisnotnews,becauseithappenssooften.Butifamanbitesadog,thatisnews."therefore,thekindofnewslikeM-year-oldwomenf>et58thmarriage.Thecatacceptonemillionheritage,occupyaIargcnumberoflayout,evenwrelowerandobscenenewsareinmanypages.Asnewsreformtheseyears,inourcountr)'thepresscircleincreasinglypaysmoreattentiontothis.Thereportsthai"aquotewillring",andcausingtheaudiencelikethenewsstoriesmuchbetter.ButwhatChina'spressadvocatedishealthy,nobletasted,notvulgartastepollutingsocialandhumansoul.WCstrivetobeinterestingbutnotcommon,healthybutharmless.3.2.2 TheSignificanceWesternjournalismusuallyputstheviolenceandcrime,bisexual,money,etcasitsmaincontent,blindlyadvocates"celebrityandnews".TaketheUSAPniJiSforexample,theyoftenconsiderwordsanddeedsofpoliticalelites,multimillionaires,allkindsofstars,especiallytheiraffairsasasignificantandinpolantnewsmaterials,evensomciimcsaremoreimportantthansomemajorpoliticalnews.Forinstance,BillClintonduringhissecondtimeinofficesignedaNATO'seastwardexpansionagreementWilhRussia,whichwasamajorsuccessfulmeasuretheUnitedStateseverhadontheworldstage.However,atthesameday.aClinton'ssexualharassmentcasehappenedthreeyearsago.namelyJonescase,wasputintotrialinalawsuitbytheSupremeCourt.SothattheJonescaseimmediatelybecamethevarioustelevisionnewsandnewspapers'headlines,andNATO'seastwardexpansionagreementbecamethesecondtopicnews.TheviewandactionsofpracticesignificanceinChinesepressarcobviouslymuchdifferentfromtheUSApress.InChina,fortheimportantwordsanddeedsofpartyandgovernmentpersonage,socialcelebrities,ifthemassesconcernaboutthem,themediawouldmakeappropriatereports.Buttheirprivatelife,especiallyprivacy,isusuallyfewmentioned.Besides,fortheadvancedcharactersinthegeneralpublic,theChinesethinktheyalsohavethesignificanceorimportance,sotheyareoftenappearonthenewsmedia.33TheDifferentWaysofThoughtThedifferentwaysofthoughtbetweenChineseandwesternpressdirectlycausesthedifferentstyle,structureanddictionofnewsreport.TheChineseisusedtothinkingfromthewholetoparts,fromabstractiontospecification.The"Xinhuabody"thatusuallyusedinnewsreportsistheembodimentofthinkingstyle.Inaddiction,inthenewslanguageusage,ourcountry'smedialiketousedeclarative,recapitulativeandSummativcwords.Westernthinkingpathisusedtofromtheconcretetotheabstract,usingindividualtoreflectthegeneral.Theinicmationalfamousfinanceandeconomicnewspaperthewailstreetjournalhasawritingproverbthatis'"I'hedeathofonethousandpeopleisjustanumber,whilethedeathofapersonisthestory."Thissentencevividlygeneralizesthewesternmedia'swayofthinking:newsreportpreferstorytellingtechnique,andpayattentiontothroughthevividpicturedescriptionanddetailstobuildthescene.IntheStnicturcofthereports,theyadvocate"theWallStreetjournalbody"August15,2(X)(),thePeople'sDailyatulAP(AssociatedPress)atthesametimecarriedonthereportabouttheevent"NorthandSouthKorea(Jiscreicfamilies'briefreunion".Twonewsreporthadthesametheme,butbecauseofthedifferenceofthinkinginode,therewasverydilTerentreportwayande11ect.ThePeople'sDailyreportedinguidelanguage"NorthandSouthKoreadiscretefamilymissionbynorthKoreaKoreanairlinesplanearrivedinSeoulat11pm.thismorning,steppingthedreamlandofsouthtomeettheirrelatives."Thenitintr<Jccdthebackgroundofthisreunion"ThenorthandSouthKoreadiscretefamilymissionrealizedvisitsafterthefirstexchangeofmissioninSeptember1985.,hismissionisthefirstguestsbytheNorthKorea,scivilaviationpassengeraircraftronPyongyangnon-stop!lighttoSeoulafterNorthandSouthKoreadivisionfor55years."ThiskindofreportmainlyfocusOntheintroductionofthemission'scollectiveactivitiesandofficiastheorganizationPrOCCsSfor(hereunion,butdidnotmentionthediscretemeetingsceneoffamiliesandrelatives.TheAssociatedPressreportsusedcompletelydiflerentwritingno<le.Inthenewslead,thereporterdirectly(Jcmonslralcdmeetingsceneofthediscretefamiliesandrelativesinfrontofthereader:,Intoday,sSouthKorea,Vpictures,onehundrednorthKoreanshavemixingteeling,holdingIheirsouthrelativeswhotheyhavebeenunabletomeetforhalfacentury,sotheyallleftthetearsofexcitement.*Andtheninthemainpartofthenews,thereportertheartistchoseseveraldifferentmeetingrelativesscenes,reappearingtheactualsituation:"rRxlaytheseeklcrlyNorthKoreansfromPyongyangarrivedheredirectly,beingsurroundedintoabigconterenceroominSeoulCriesandwhimperimmediatelyflle<iIhehall.”A68-year-oldmaniscryingamitalkingtohis95-year-old11M)thcr",Peoplehugtoeachotherandcry.n"AnotherCnK)IiOnalmaniskneelingonthegroundandkowtowingtohisfather","Eachrelativestalkstoeachothereirpast,andlooksatoldphotostogether.',Throughthevividdescriptionofimagesandpictures,thereporterwroteKorea'srelativesdiscretepain,anddeepenedthereaders'perceptualknowledgetothenewsevents.3.4TheDifferentIdeologvItshouldbesaidideologyistheinherentaltributcsofnewsmedia.Nomatterwhichcountry'snewsmediaallSer