A-red-light-for-scofflaws中英对照版(免费).docx

参考译文对违反法律者亮红灯ARCd1.ighttorScofllaws弗兰克特立皮福11.aw-andoxferisIhelongestrnningandPrObably(hebes(-lovedPoliIicalissueinU.S.his(ory.Yelitispainfullyappareni2(hatmillionsofAnricanswhowouldneverthinkofthemselvesaslawbreakers,lc(alonecriminals,aretakingincreasinglibertieswiththelegalcodesthatarcdcsignedioprotectandnourish<heirsociety.3Indeed,Iheitan?momentsUKiayamidoutlawIiuer.taxcheating,illicitnoiseandmotorizedanarchywhenitseemsasthoughthescoftlawrepresentsthewaveofhcfuture.4HarvardSociologistDavkiRicsmansuspects(hatamajorityofAmericanslveblilhclytakenIoCommiuingsupposedlyminordcrelilionsasamatterofcoun>e.Already.Ricsmansays,theethicofU.S.SOCietyisindangerofbecomingthis:"You'reafoolifyouObCy(herles.”(l法律和秩序是美国历史上持续时间最长的、也可能是政治上的最热门的话题。然而，明显令人苦恼的是，数以百万计的美国人尽管从没有认为自己会违反法律，更不用说公成为邪犯f,却正在越来越随意地对待那些专为爱护与造福他们的社会所制定的法规。当然，现今的确有些时候好像无视法律代表了将来的潮流。哈佛高校的社会学家大卫莱斯曼怀疑，大多数美国人喜爱犯那种他们认为是无关紧要的玩忽职守的错误.莱斯曼说，美国社会的伦理道德已经处于这样的危急之中：即，“假如你遵纪遵守法律，你就是个傻瓜”。NothingcouldbemoreobviousthantheevidenceSUPpOrtingRiesman.ScofTlawsaboundinamazingvariety.5Thegraffiti-proneturnpublicsurfacesintovisualrubbish.Bicyclistsoftenrideas(houghtwo-wheeledvehiclesareexemptfromalltrafficlaws.61.ittcrbugsconvertIhcircommunitiesintotrashdumps.WideSPrCadurriesofOrdinanceshavefailedtoclearpublicplacesofhigh-decibelportableradios,justasearlierlawsfailedtowipeoutIhebeer-soakedI100liganiSInIhalplaguesmanyparks.7TbbaccoaddictsremainhopelesslyblindtosignsthatsayNOSMOKINGRespectablydrcssedpotsmokersnolongerbothertoduckoutofpublicsighttopassaroundajoint.'heagrantuseofcocaineisafesteringscandalinmiddleandupper-classlife.Andthcntherearc(hello,everybody!)8thejaywalkers.2支持莱斯蚣观点的证据是再明显不过的.作奸犯科者展见不鲜、无奇不有，达到了惊人的程度。墙上的乱涂乱画把公共场所的外观槽塌得不堪人口。骑自行车的人横冲直闯，好像两个车轮的交通工具可以不受任何交通法规的束堵。乱丢垃圾的人把他们的生活区域变成/垃圾场.正如以前的法令未能扫除危吉公园的满身酒气的流氓阿飞一样，广泛宣扬的法规也未能消退公共场所的高分贝便携式收音机。吸烟成瘾的人们对“不准吸烟”的告示牌熟视无睹，衣冠楚楚的吸大麻的人再也不像从前那样躲开公众的视线偷偷摸摸地传递带大麻的香烟了。在中上层人士中亳无顾忌地运用可卡因已成为令人苦恼的“闻。而且，(好家伙，人数夷不少啊!)还有随意横穿马路的人呢.ThedangersofSCofnaWlyvarywidely.ThePerSonwhoillegallyspitsonthesidewalkremainsdisgusting,butclearlyposeslessrisktoothersthanthecompanythatillcgallyburieshazardouschemicalwasteinanunauthorizedlocation.Thefarebeateronthesubwaypresentslessthreattolifethanthelandlordwhoignoresfiresafetystatutes.9ThemostimmediatelyandmeasurablydangerousSCoffIawry,however,alsohappenstobethemostvisible.TheculpritistheAmericandriver,whoselawlessactiviticstodayadduptoacolossalpublicnuisance.IOIliehazardsrangefromroutinedoublcparking11thatjamsCitystreetstoihcdrunkdrivingthatkillssome25,00()peopleandinjuresatleast650.000othersyearly.12Illegalspeedingonopenhighways?Newsurveysshowthatonsomeinterstatehighways83%ofalldriversarecurrentlyignoringthefederal55m.p.h.speedlimit.3违法行为的危击差别极大。在人行道上随地吐痰当然令人厌恶，但是很明显，比起那些违法地在未经许可的地区掩埋危急化学废料的公司对他人造成的危害要小得多.忽视防火平安法规的房主对人生命的危害当然要比在地铁逃票的人大得多。然而，最干脆和最引人注目的违法行为恰恰就是最常见的一种社会现象。首当其冲拧就是美国的司机们。今日,他们无法无天的行为给公众造成了极大的灾难。其危在既有日常多见的造成城市街道堵塞的并排违章停车，也有司机酒后开车造成的仔年死亡大约25.000人，伤残至少650.000人。那么高速马路上的违章超速行驶呢？最新调查显示，在一些州际马路上83%的司机现在根本无视联邦法定的每小时55英里的时速限制。Themostflagrantsco11lawOfIhenlallis(hered-lightrunner.ThefloutingofstopsignalshasgotsobadinBostonthatresidentstellananecdoteaboutacabbywhoinsiststhatredlightsare"justfordecoration''/hePOWerofthestoplighttocontroltrafficseemstobewaningeverywhere.In1.osAngcIcs,red-light11nninghasbecomepcrhapsthecity,smostcommontrafficviolation.InNewYorkCity,goingthroughanintersectionislikeRussianroulette.AdmitsPoliceCommissionerRobertJ.McGuire:"T(XIHyiTSa50-50Iossupastowhetherpeoplewillslopforaredlight,mMeanwhile,hisownpolicelargelyignorethelawbreaking.4)全部违章行为中最厚颜无耻的要数闯红灯了。在波士顿，人们对这种件止通行的信号的亵渎已经到了这样的程度，以至在当地人中竟然流传着这种笑话：一名出租汽车司机尽然坚持说，红灯信号仅仅起装饰作用。禁止通行的红灯限制交通的效力在各地都在减弱。在洛杉矶，闯红灯好像已经成为故常见的违反交通法规的行为.在纽约，过十字路口就像俄国轮盘赌一样警察局长罗伯特杰麦克盖尔承认，“现在人们在红灯面前是否停下来是50%对50%的抛硬币的概率。”同时，他自己属下的警察们也大都对这种违章行为熟视无睹。Red-lightrunninghasalwaysbeenrankedasaminorwrong,andsoitmaybeinindividalinstances.13Whentheviolationbecomeshabitual,widespreadandincessant,howcvcr.agreatdealmorethanatrafficmanagementproblemisinvolved.TheoutingofbasicrulesOfUIeroadleavesdeepdenisinthesocialm(x)d.Innocentdriversandpedestrianspayarepetitiouspriceinfrustration,inconvenienceandoutrage,nottomentionajustifiedsenseofmortalperil.Thesignificanceofred-lightrunningismagnifiedbyitshighvisibility.Ifhypocrisyisthetributethatvicepaystovirtue,thenfurlivcncssisthe（rueoutlawssaluteto（heforceoflaw-and-ordcr.Thered-lightrunner,however,showsnorespectwhateverfor（hesocialrules,andsocietycannothelpbeingha11ne<ibyanyrepetitiousandbrazendisplayofcontemptforthefundamentalsoforder.5闯红灯始终被认为是微乎其微的小错，所以这可能是个人的小事。但是当这种违章行为成为习惯性的、广泛的和没完没r的时候，那么所涉及的问题就远远不仅是一个交通管理的问题了。这种对道路基本交通法规的无视极大地危害了社会风气。无卑的司机和行人们而再、再而三地为所遭遇的挫折、不便和损在而付出很大代价，更不用说他们无法摆脱担心全感了。闯红灯之所以成为亚大问题，就是因为这种现象比比皆是。假如说虚伪是邪恶向美镌呈献的赞美，那么偷偷摸摸就是违法者向法律和秩序的成力所表示的诚心的敬意了。然而，间红灯的人却连这点对社会法规的至少的敬盎也没有，而这种一再厚颜无耻地蔑视秩序的基本准则不能不极大地危宙社会。Thescofflawspiritispervasive.Itisnotreallysurprisingwhenschoolsfind,assomedo,thattheirchildrenfrequentlyenternotknowingsomeofthebasicrulesoflivingiogcthcr.Foralltheirdifferences,todaysscofflawsareofapieceasasymptomofelementarysocialdemoralization-thelossbyindividualsofthecapacitytogoverntheirownbehaviorintheinterestofothers.6）这种无视法律的风气无处不在.所以当有些学校发觉，孩子们人学时常常连最至少的集体生活规则都不懂时，就不足为奇/（有些学校的确是这样认为）。尽管无视法律的人各种各样，但是他们都是社会基本道您败坏症候的一种表现一一个人失去了为了他人的利益而约束自己的实力。Theprospectofthecollapseofpublicmannersisnotmerelyamatterofetiquette.Society,sfirstconcernwillremainmajorCrin)e,butaforetasteoftheseriousnessofincivilityissuggestedbywhathasbeenhappeninginHouston.DriversonHoustonfreewayshavebeenshowinganincreasingtendencytoreplacethe11lcsoftheroadwithviolentoutbreaks.ItemsfromtheHoustonPOliCedepartnenisnewstatisticalcalcgor),-frccwaytrafficviolence:I)Driverflasheshigh-beamlightsatcarthatcutinfrontofhim.whoseoccupantsthenhurlabeercanathiswindshield,kickouthistaillights,slughimeightstitchesworth.2)Du11p-t11ckdriverannoyedbydelaybatterstrunkofstalledcaraheadanditsdriverwastryingtostaywithin55m.p.h.limit."I-heHoustonFreewaysyndromehasfortunatelynotspreadeverywhere.Buithequestionis:Willit?Americansareusedtothinkingthatlaw-and-orderisthreatenedmainlybystereotypicalviolentcrime.WhenthefoundationsofU.S.lawhaveacluallybeenshaken,howcvcr.ithasalwaysbeenbecauseordinarylaw-abidingcitizenstooktoskirtingthelaw.Majorinstance:Pmhibilion.RecallsDonaldBarrChidscyinOnandOfTtheWagon:''1.aWbrVHkingprovedtobenotpainful,notevenuncomfbiable.but.inamildandperfectlysafeway,exhilarating."PeoplewipedoutProhibitionatIiistnotonlybecauseofthealcohoiissuebutbecauseSCOmaWrywasseriouslyunderminingtheauthorityandIcgitimacyofgovernment.Ironically,todaysscofflawspirit,whateveritsUiuletenninedorigins,isbeingencouragedunwittinglybygovernmentatmanylevels.Thefailureofpolicetoenforcecertainlawsisonlythesurfaceoftheproblem:theytaketheirmandatefromtheofficialsandconstituentstheySCrVc.WOnic.moststatelegislatureshavehelpedsubvertpopularcompliancewiththefederal55m.p.h.law.SOmCofthembyenactingpunyfinesthattrivializetransgrcSSion$.Onahigherlevel,(heAdministrationinWashingtonhasdramatizeditswishtonullifycivilrightslawssimplybyopposinginsteadofsupportingcertaincourtOrderCddesegregationrulings.Withconsiderablejustification,environmentalgroups,inthewordsOfWiIdcrncssmagazine,accusetheAdministnjtionofdestroyingCnvironnwntallawsbyfailingtoenforcethem,orbyenforcingtheminwaysthatdeliberatelyencouragenoncompliance."Translation:Scofflawryatthetop.（7美国人习惯于认为，固定形式的暴力犯罪是对法律和秩序的主要威逼。然而，却正是出于般的遵纪遵守法律的公民设法钻法律的空子才真正动摇了美国法律的基础。主要例子：禁酒令。唐纳第巴契第斯在上卜马车一书中回忆道：“违法事实上是不苦痛的，甚至都没有令人不舒适的感觉，反而以一种柔软的、完全平安的方式令人高兴人们最终废除r禁酒令，不仅是因为酒的问题，而且因为违法行为严峻地损害了政府的威信和合法地位。具有讽刺意味的是，不管今日这种无视法律的风气源于何处,它却受到各级政府仃员的无可奈何的激励.警察未能强制实行某些法律仅仅是问题的表面，他们只不过是从他们为之服务的官员和选民那里接受吩咐。更糟糕的是，大多数的州立法机构在公众遵守联邦法律规定的车速不得超过每小时55英里的规定时却帮了倒忙，其中一些州甚至报自规定超速仪处以很少的罚款以使大事化小。更高一级的华碓顿政府则用反对（而不是支持）某些已成为法律条文的取消种族隔离的规定的方法，来实现其取消民权法律的效力的愿望，这真是令人啼笑皆非.据荒原杂志报导，环保组织以相当正值的理由指资当局破坏环境爱护法，因为它未能推行该法规，或是虽然推行但却有意怂想人们违反法规。这说明为：最高一级的违法行为。Themostdisquietingthingaboutthescofflawspiritisitsextremeinfectiousnesis.Onlyaterminallyfoolishsocietywouldsitstillandallowittospreadindefinitely.8无视法律之风最令人担心之处在于它的极端传染性。只有最愚舒的社会才会坐视不管,任其扩散“