第17讲 语法过关二（定语从句及名词性从句）（教师版）.docx

第17讲定语从句及名词性从句林】一.复习定语从句二.复习名词性从句品定语从句定语从句是高考的重点和热点，需考俵点主要集中在以卜几个方面：正确使用关系代词（WhiCh.thatwho.whom,whose,as）和关系副i（when.where,why）介词+which/whom引导的定调从句Ihat不能引导非限制性定语从句定语从一3个祗念先一词关系问-三_f限制性从句定语从句"Ifi人v*ho.wfom.WhoSCJIH关系代词c1.MZh正而健用关系词八初Wh1.Chas.whosethx关系副词hen.where.why“介词+关系词F1.毋的定iff从旬as.which卬hnt的用法考点1概念1 .在更合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子叫先行词.ThiSisthep1.acewhichisworthisiting.（个诃）这是值得参观的地方.Many1.ife'sprob1.emswhichwereSf1.1.VCdbyaskingfami1.ymernben*.friendsorco1.1.eaguesarcbeyondthecapabi1.ityoftheextendedfami1.ytoreso1.ve（，个短语）许笠以前可以通过询问家庭成员、Jf1.友或者问那就能解决的生活问遨是现在的大家庭无力解决的.Itookano1.dmantohospita1.inataxiimmediate1.y,whichwaswhyIWaS1.atCthatmOming.（一个完壑的句子）我乘出租车立即把一个老人送到了医院，这就是那天早上我迟到的原因，2 .关系词：引林定语从句的词叫关系词.关系词包括关系代词和关系副词.关系词有三大作用：代指先行词,引导定语从句,在从句中作句子成分.关系代词先行词句法功能who主语、宾语（限制性定语从句中可省珞）、表语whom人宾语（限制性定语从句中可省略）whosc<=Ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语（黑制性定语从句中可省珞）which物主语、宾诏（限制性定语从句中可省略）as人或物主语、宾语Doyouknowthemanthatwh<>mMrAVhiieintrt1.ucedjustnow?怀特先生刚才介绍的那个人你认识吗？OurmonitoristheboywhosefatherisaIaWya.我们的班长是父亲做律师的那个男孩.【名如指津】关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句调谱动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.Tornisoneoftheengineerswhoaresentabroad.汤墀是被浪往IS外的工程师之一Tornis（heon1.yoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththeSO1.UIion.汤嫄就是11.提出解决方案的出位工程眼2 .关系硼词关系副词代替表示时间、地点、原因的先行词，并在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，不能省略C关系副词先行词句法功能when(=inaton.+which)时间时间状语where(=iaton.+which)地点地点状语why(=forwhich)原因原因状语（只引导限制性定语从句）The1.imewhen(atwhich)Ifirstn)e(Ne1.sonMande1.awasaverydifficu1.tperiodofmy1.ife,第,次见纳尔逊德拉的时候,是我一生中非常困难的时期。Theschoo1.where(atMhich)Istudiedforon1.y(woyearswasthreeki1.ometresaway.那所学校离这里有3千米远，我仅在那里读过两年书，Therearcvariousreasons(forMhich)whypeop1.ewritePOCtry.人们，；诗行各f士各样的理由0【名师指津】先行词为抽I地点的名诩SiUIation.case,stage.Point.activity等),且关系词在定谙从句中作状语时,用关系副词where引导定语从句如果关系词在定语从句中作主遇或宾语时则用关系代词whichthatTheyhavereachedthepointwhere(heyhavetoseparatewiheach1.2经到了必须分手的地步，的句谱法填空(DinancientChina1.ivedanar(is(paintingsWefea1.most1.ife1.ike.BCCaUSCthemoon'sbodyb1.ocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthad(oputasate1.1.iteinorbitabovethemooninaspotitcou1.dsendsigna1.scothespacecraftand(oearth.®NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9am.to5pm.dai1.yatthepctshopinMacc1.esfic1.d.sheOPCnCdwithher3ehusband1.es.ThCywerewe1.1.trainedby(heirmastersha<igreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanima1.s.Ontheedgeof(hejackc(,thereisapieceofc1.othgivesOff1.ightinthedark.©Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromco1.1.egearcthosearctota1.1.ycngagcd(参与)inacademic1.ife.(答案】!.whose2.where3.which4.who%tha5.(hatwhkh6.who3 .“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句构成句法功能用法指津介词（短语）+关系代词状语关系代词只能用Whieh或WhOm且不能省略介词+关系代词+名词状语关系代词常用Whkh和WhOSe名词（代词）+介词+关系代诃主治可转化为“whose+名词”结构数词（形容词以高级）+of+关系代词主语数词还可以用some.many»most,each等不定代词替换ThePoormanhisnohouseinwhichhecan1.ive.即个穷人没房子住CRecent1.y.1boughtanancientvase,thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonab1.e.ii.我买f个古庆花瓶它的价格很合埋C4 .as,which与that的用法区别1）七种只用Iha1.而不用which的情况当先行词是a1.1.much,1.itt1.e,few.everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时.Thereisnothingthatwecandonow.现在我们什么也做不了。当先行词被theon1.y.the1.ast,thevery等修饰时GThi4isthevenbookthatIWant.这正是我想要的花当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时.Thepresenttimeisthebestgiftthatyoucangiveyourse1.f.力前的时光是你能给自己的嫉好的礼物，当先行词是序数词或被序致词修饰时。Don,ttrustthefirstsi>nthatyousee.不要相信你看见的第一,个迹象当先行词中既芍表示人又有衣示物的名词时CMyJnOIherandhero1.dfriendsta1.kedofthingsandpersonsthat（heyremembe,edinIheSChoO1.我妈妈和她的老朋友们谈论了一些她们记忆中学校里的人和事当主句的主语是疑问词Who或Which时，WhichisthecarthatyouboughtIaS1.Week?你上周买的哪辆车？当先行词是主句的表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。JackisnotthemanthatheWaS.杰克不是过去的他J用正确的关系词填空Wca1.1.1.ikeourEng1.ishteacher,fromwehave1.earneda1.o<.Iwi1.1.neverforgetthedayonwewenttobuyguitarsintheguitarStOrUThCfoodwasforhermother.cou1.dn'tgodowntomeethim.(I)Forinstance,in1.ima,thecapita1.ofPeru.therearcmorethan50Chinesenwdicinec1.inics,about70percentofweresetupby1.oca1.doctors.【答案】!.whom2.which3.who4.whichWhiCh与as引导非限制性定语从句的3点区别whichas位位上只能放在先行诃的后面位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末搭配上无动词的限制调谱动诃通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动诃.如see.hear.know,expect,remember意思上意为“这一点”表示“正如正像的那样”Shemarriedagain,whichwasUnCXPCCIed.她再婚f.这是始料未及的OShemarriedagain,asweCXPCCtCd.正如我H】预料的那样她再婚了用as或which填空isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedOU1.theproduc1.inp1.an.HerPerfbnnancesonhestagewejperfecc.madea1.o<OfPeoP1.eadmireher.InthePaSifewyears»morethanha1.fof<hebookstoresinChinahavec1.oseddown.istheresu1.toftheConipe1.itionwithon1.inebookstores.t答案】I.As2.Which1.which考点4定语从旬和分词短语作定语之间的相互转化如果定谱从句中先行词是从句的百出即关系代词作从句的主语>,则这个定谱从句可以找化为以过去分词或现在分词作定语的形式。同样的，分词作定语也可以转化为一个定语从句，谓语动词用主动语态的，用现在分词作定语：用被动语态的，用过去分词作定语，如：,I1.iisisthefactorywhichwasbui1.tin1980.Thisisthefactorybui1.tin1980.这就是1980年所建的那个工厂.Wc1.iveinahousefacingthesouth.TWC1.iveinahouseWhiChfacestheSOUtII.我们居住在所朝南的房子里，Rti堂练习I,单句语法填空1. Theretheymetpeop1.ef11>motherpartsDfIhCcountry.hada1.soVo1.unieenedtohe1.p.2. Bobisinahope1.esssituation.wewi1.1.keepaVcryc1.oseeyeon.3. Theon1.ythingiss1.ower(hanbeforeisthewaywedrive.4. 1.i1.y1.kafewfriendstomybirthdayparty,noneofIwasfami1.iarwith.5. Drinkingmi1.ka1.sohe1.psreducethethingscausegar1.icbreath.6. Forthispeop1.eshou1.dchooseaneggabout4or5dayso1.d,yo1.kisinc1.inedtosinkdown.7. contribution考查名词.空格处做make的宾谱H由a和POSitiVC修饰.要城所给时的名诃形式“i1.1.a修饰要填名词的单数形式.故填COnIribUtion.8. active1.y考查副词。空格处修饰动词Work要填副词。故填ac1.ivdy.9. Iikcas考查介诃.根据旬意这里要表达的是“穿得像现"一样(或打扮成药多，介词as和Iike用在这里符合句意,故填IikCfas10. is考育be动词，分析可知所给词在Whm3导的宾语从句中做谓语动词,根据defend和全文时态可知这里要用一般现在时.主语为Wha1.表示单数意义,谓语动词也要用单数主语What与加之间是主动关系。故填is.幽名词性从句名词性从句是高考中的出饕部分，尽管语法填空题涉及不是很多，但是其重要性不可忽视,(1)三种形式：引导词thatif,'whcthervhaUhow.(2)四种功能：宾语从句/玄诏从句/主语从句/同位语从句(3Nhai引导宾语从句可以省略，引好其他三种从句不可省略；if只能引峥宾语从句，不能引导后三种从句。连接代词WhW.和连接副词WhenA.都可弓I导.(4Mhat与What引导名词性从句的区别i11J连接代词9连接捌诃名词性从句.,一从句J宾研从句标e盘诉从句Hi忏从甸名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。考点I引导词名词性从旬由不同的弓导词引导,从句一般保持陈述语序.引导名词性从句的连接词可分为3类T从iiti:，个"thMZhrti='I连接诃连拴代沟""个）,"MZMmMMUwhidVWhOyz恒0c"wbomcWwhichcEwhn心CrHii接捌网（：个）:WhCTwh,/WhCrGUWwhenoCrMercvcfho*ever1.M没有汉语童义,在从句中不做任何成分,也无词义，Iha1引导宾语从句可以省略,引导主语从句、表谱从句、同位谱从句不可省略.2if7whhcr意为“是否Iif只能引导宾语从句：WhC1.hCr可以引导四种从句.3.连接代词(WhOAVhOnMWhoSe/which/WhauWhOeVer等)和连接副词(when1whereyhowwhywhenevervhCTeverhowever等)在句中既起连接作用，又在从句中做成分,且各有各的词义.可以引导四种从句.Hcthoughtthatthewarwasicrrib1.c.（'A'i11从句他认为战争是可怕的.Thequestioniswhetherhewi1.1.arriveOnIimC.（我语从句）何坦在于他是否会按时到达.ItapitythatWecan,tgo.（主语从句）很18憾我们不能去。Thequestionwhoshou1.ddothisjobrequiresConSidCratiOn.（同位曙从句谁K当做这件工作.这个问胆需要考虑。单句语法填空eto（heconferencehasexcitedeveryoneofus.WCa1.1.finditimportantwe（shou1.d）makeaquickdecisionaboutthismai1.er.kdoesnonaueryouarerich.poor,o1.doryoung-everyOnecanthrowco1.ouredPain1.powderateachother.ThijitimeIwasa1.onewanderingacrosstheWaibaiduBridge,andagroupofteenagegir1.saskedmeIcou1.dposewiththemforaphoto.Nooneknowshowmuchtimewehavc.That,swemust1.iveinthemoment.考点2宾语从句【答案】1.That2.that3.whe1.herXif4.if'whe1.her5.why1.1.hM引导的宾语从句(1励词后跟有多个Iha1.宾语从句时,只有笫一个由U可以省略,从第二个开始Iha1.不可省略。Heto1.dmeIthat)hehadto1.eaveandthathewou1.dbehackSoon.他告诉我他不得不肉开并且很快就会回来“(2)it作形式其语的宾语从句，这类动词有find,think,consider*be1.ieve,guess,suppose»make等。Hehasmadeitc1.ear(hatthenee1.ingwi1.1.notbePoStPOned.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟，Ihatc1.ike,dis1.ike,appreciatetCnjoy等农示“喜欢”、庆芯”的动诃以及些动诃短语SCetCKdependon.re1.yon等后面常用i1.作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，Isha1.1.seetoitthatheistakengoodCareofwhenyoareabsent.你不在的时候，我负货把他照顾好.1.1 f/whether引导的宾谱从句动词之后汨WhbhCr都可以引导宾语从句C介词后的宾语从句要用whether.ItdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughIime,这取决于我的是否有充足的时间。3 .连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词和连接副诃引导其谙从句时既充当句子成分又有具体词义,且不可省略.Idon'twanttoknowwho/whomyouareta1.kingabout我不板知道你们在谈论谁Iwant(oknowwherewc,1.1.go.我想知道我,们去哪儿.4 .含虚拟语气的宾语从句一个"室(insist)''.两个"命令(ordcr'comnand),.三个“建议(suggcsVproposc'advsc)'四个”要求(IemandequirerequeWask)”等词后，宾语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词应为飞houM+动词原形，ShOUId也可省珞。Ihecommanderorderedthattroops(shou1.d)setoffatOnCCj1.J令员命令部队9I,.出发JShesuggestedthat1(shou1.d)gotoseethedoctorfirst.她要求我应当先去看医生.5 .宾语从句的否定转移主句的主语是第一人称,在1.hinkbe1.ieve*suppose*expect*imagine等动词之后的宾语从句中,如果从句谓谱是否定含义,往往需要把否定词由从句移到主句上,这叫否定转移.Idon'tthinkyouarcfitforMjOb.我认为你不适合这项工作”Idon'tbe1.ievethey'vefinished(heirworkyei,我相信他们未完工。单句语法埴空/补全句子©Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodepend1.essoncou1.dbehuntedorgatheredfromthewi1.d.andmoreonanima1.stheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.®Whatstudentsdoatco1.1.egeseemstomattermuchmorethantheygo.Umnotsureismorefrightened.meorthefema1.egon1.1.a(大猩½h1.hatsudden1.yappearsoutofnowhere.ThCscientistscansetthefibers'arrangementandspacing,whichdeterminestheman-mademeatendsupmore1.ikeaburgerorastek.【答案】I.what2.whcrc3.which4,whe<her考点3表谱从旬1.从属连词ma1.无词义在从句中不可省略Thetroub1.eisthatIhave1.osthisadd心$.麻烦是我把他的危址丢了C6 .从属连同whetherThequestionremainswhethertheywi1.1.beab1.etohe1.pUb.问题还是他们能否指我们。3,连接彳弋诃who.whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever和连接刷诃where,when,howwhyTbequestionishowhedid况问题是他是如何做此W的。Tha1.waswhatshedidthismorningonreachingthe“Hie.那就是她今髭上了阁楼干的O4. asif（though）asif如OUgh引导的表语从句通常置于系动词1.ook,seem,sound,be等后面：表语从句既可以采用虚拟语气,也可采用立陈语气。Itsoundedasifsomebodywasknockingat/onthedoor所起来好像人在部门.She（reaishimasifhewerea311mgcr.她待他如陌生人C5. because.Why引导的表语从句.Tha1.,sIwcauschedidn'tunderstandme.那是因为他没有理讲我,（That'sbecause强调原因）That,swhyhegotangrywithme.那正是他对我生气的原因.（ThatsWhy强调结果）【名师指津】1 .句子的主语为thereason时.表语从句采用that引导,表示原因.此时不用because.Thereasonwhyshewasi1.1.wasthatshehadeatenbadmea1.她生病的原因是她吃（变质的肉.2 .由Why引导的从句作主语时，龙语从句采用Iha1.引导，WhywcdecidedtoputOfF1.hematchwasthattheweatherwastootcEb1.c.我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天:气太相向了单句语法坨空(©Chinaisno1.ongersheusedtobe.Thereasonwhyshewasabsentwasshewasi1.1.then.【答案】1.what2.1.hat考点4主语从句Uhat引导主语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,也没有词汇意义,但一般不可省略.That(heea11hgoesaround(he$unisknown(ousa1.1.众所周知，地球困蓿太阳转，2. that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，Ihat不可省略,常见句式主要有以下几种,(1.)It+bc+膨容诃(necessaryright.1.ike1.y,un1.ike1.y.½TOng.important,certain.c1.ear,obvious,strange,norma1.等)+Ihai从句Itisn't1.ike1.ythatIshou1.dacceptsuchanofferasIha1.我不可能接受像那样的桶助。(2)I+be+名词(短语)(apityashame,goodnewsafacuanhonour»awonder*IU)WOnde!等+山a1.从句It'snowonderthathedidn'twanttogo.难怪他不想去.(3)I1.+bc+过去分词(Saidco1.d,heard,rcpo11cddecided,suggested,advised,ordered,remembered,thought,considered,we1.1.-known,announced等)-Hhai从句Itisdecidedthatthemeetinghasbeenputoffunti1.nextMonday.会议被推迟到下法,已经定下来/(g指津】"It+hc+MIggeStCd片dviscd(HdCrcdhcqucsicdfinsistcd/rcquircd-Hha1.从句X结构中，从句谓语应用，shou1.d+)动词原形”。TbmasterMandarin,itissuggestedthatyou(shou1.d)practicewithChinesepeop1.e.(四川卷书面衣达)为了掌握普通话.建议你和中国人一起练习.(4)It+特殊动诃或短语(SCCm,appear,h叩PCnnMch)nou,OCCUremakenodifference等)+Iha1.从句Itsudden1.yoccurredtoherthatJocwasafraidfbeinga1.one.4fe突然想到乔杏怕独白个人待诉O3. WhCthCrfif号I导的上谱从句主语从句表示“是否”，只能用whether。茬用人作形式主语,则WheIher与if可互换。It'suncertainWhcthcrZifhe1IIcomethisCVcning他今天晚上是否会来还不确定.4. Wh一类连接词引导的主谙从句Wh一类连接词包括连接代词(WhOwhom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whatever等)和连接副词(WhCnwhere,why,how,whenever*whereverrhowever等)WhatBarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandtupiness.芭芭拉,琼斯展现给她的粉统们的是诚实和快乐.（易混辨析】that与what引导名词性从句的区别Wha1.在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；而Iha1.在从句中不作任何成分,典例1Thatyouhavegainedistheresu1.tofyourhardWOrk分析：村前为主语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，故Thm-Wha1.,(典例2Itsudden1.yoccurredtohimwhathehad1.efthiskeysintheoffice.分析：It为形式主语.him之后的从句为主语从旬,引导间IhHt在从句中不作任何成分也无任何意义,故把whatthat.单句语法填空Itdoesn'eornot.B1.I1.itspossib1.ewithoutjiMima1.is<s(hisincidentwou1.dneverhavebeenexposed.【答案】1.WheIher2.(ha考点5同位语从句当主句的谓语较短而同位语从句较长时.同位谱从句常后置.Wordcamethat(hemissingmanhadbeenfbnd.有消息传来，那个走失的人已经找到了，(易泥初析】同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句定语从句功能不同对名词加以补充说明与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系,起连接作用that不作成分：起连接作用，不可省略作主语或宾语，起连接作用：并且作从句的宾语时可省路whcher.'how不作成分:起连接作用,意为“是否”:“如何”不引导定谱从句wh-words作成分:起连接作用：有自己的含义,但与先行词之间无关作成分：起连接作用：没有自己的含义，但是代替先行词在从句中作成分ThenewsthatMr.1.iwi1.1.beournewEng1.ishteacheristrue.李先生将足我们的新英语老师这个消息是我的C(同位语从句，IhB不可省略)Thenews<Uat)heto1.dmeyesterdayis(rue.他昨天告诉我的消息是真的.(定语从句，Iha1.在从句中作其语，可省略)单句语法填空ThCStorygoesWi1.1.iam,1.c1.1.ki1.1.edthekingwithanarrow.A1.iCrreceivingamessagefromRy1.eeAnderson.12.shewasstrugg1.ingwithamathprob1.em.WabagrabbedaWhi1.ebOardandhurried(oherfrontdoor.WhiIeIheyarerarenorthof880,IheNisevidence(heyrangea1.1.(hewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarStHi1.hasJamesBayinCanada.【答案】1.tha1.2iha3tha随堂练习1 .单句谓法坡空1. A1.1.ofustru1.ybe1.ievebeautycomesfromwithin.2. Thems1.p1.easantthingof(heruinyseasonisonecanbeen1.irc1.yfreefn>mdust.3. Thereasonwhyhewas1.atewashiscarbrokedownontheha1.f-way.4. Imadeapromisetomyse1.fthisyear,myfirstyearinhighschoo1.,wou1.dbedifferent.5. Iiiscertainbeingunderquaramineisnofun.6. Youhavetoknowyou'regoingifyouartop1.anthebestwayofgettingthere.7. 1didntunderstandthiswou1.dhappenandmycreditcardhada1.readybeenchargedforthereservation.8. thef1.ighttoNewYorkwi1.1.bede1.ayediswhatmespecia1.1.yworriedabout.9. Onceeveythreeorfouryears,(heareaishitbyaseriousdrought.Mr.Tabichihasworicedtoteach(he1.oca1.peop1.etogrowp1.antsthatcanSUrViVCevenwhenthereisntmuchrain.10. In(henove1.,(hisisJiaBaoyuandhisfema1.ecousins1.ived.【答案】I.that2.1.ha1.3.that4.(hat5.that6.wherc7.why8.Whether9.hwIO.whereH.谱法填空Rainbow-co1.oured11bbishThisistheco1.ourfu1.waste1.(create)byaSwedishcitywi1.hauniquerecyc1.ingsystem.1.ikemanycitiesinSweden,Eski1.s1.unahasanimpressiverecyc1.ingrecord.ItmettheEU*2020targetofrecyc1.ing50%Ofwastemanyyearsago.Buta1.mosteveryonewho1.ivesherefo1.1.owsastrictrecyc1.ingpo1.icyathome.Peop1.e2.(expect)tosorttheirhouseho1.dwasteimosevenseparate3.(category),inc1.udingfood,texti1.es,cartonsamimeta1.But4.rea1.1.ymakesthesystemstandoutisthebrightco1.ourcodc.,hcbagsarrivea1.1.mixedup5.they'reco1.1.ectedfrequent1.y.Butthankstothoseb11ghtco1.ours,scannerscansc!ectthebagsandscpa11iteIhemaccordingto6.theycanbereused>rnot.Thefoodwasteingreenbagsisprocessedonsiteintopiecestomakebiogas.7.powersthecity,sbuscs.Oncofthebenefitsofthismethodofrecyc1.ingis8.Ihereis1.esscross-contamination(交叉污象，somoreoftherecyc1.edwastecanactua1.1.ybeused(omakenewthings.Ascoun1.rie>aroundthewor1.dIrytoimprovetheirrecyc1.ingra1.es,somemay1.kIoE1.ski1.stunaas9.examp1.e(ofo1.1.owas1.ongas(heythink(heycanpersuade(heircitizens<ogetbusy10.(sort)a(home.【语篇解读】本文辂说明文.文章介绍了瑞典独特的垃圾I可收系统.1. created考自北调语动词。分析句子结构可知Crea1.e在句中作非词语动词，与设辑主语WaMe构成被动关系，故用过去分词C故埔CrCa1.eif2. arcexpected考查动诃时态常态.本句中主谱与谓谓动词构成被动关系,且时态为一般现在时,主谱为集合名词PCoPIc故谓语动诃用arc.故城arcexpected.3. categories考过名词的数CCaieay为可数名词，由上文SeVen可知.应用复数形式.故填CategCrie4.What考查名诃性从句.此处为E谱从句.从句中缺少主谙.指代事物,应用Wha1.引导.故填Whai.5. because考查连词.这些强子都混在一起九因为它们经常被收集.故城because.6. Whcihcr考15名诃性从句.whether.orno是否还是7. which考查定语从句。句怠：绿色袋子里的食物垃圾在现场被腐工成块块的沼气，为城市公交车提供动力.此处为非限定性定谱从旬修饰上文整个句子,11从句中缺少主谙,故用关系代诃WhICh.故填WhiCh.8. that考九名诃性从句.