冠词a,an,the的用法及练习题(含答案).docx

冠词a,an,the的用法及练习要点:冠词是种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义.冠词分不定冠词(The1.ndCfini1.eArtiC1.C)和定冠词(ThCdefiniteArtiC1.C)两种。a(an)是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前:如abook,aInan:an用在元音因素之前.如：ano1.dman.anhour,aninteresti咤book等：Ihe是定冠词：字冠词，是指不使用冠词的情形.一、不定冠词a(an)的用法：I-表示“一个”、“某一个”、“每一”、“再一、又一”或“同一，相同”等，但没有OnC强烈.e.g.:Romeisnotbui1.tinadav.罗马不是一天建成的。AMr.Smithiswaitingforyoua1.theSChooIga1.e.一个叫Smith的先生在校门口等你“Heusua1.1.yworkseighthoursadav.他通常天工作8小时.YoucantryitHSeeandtimeifyoufai1.如果你失败了,可以再试一次.Theyarcofanage.他们的年龄一样大。Birdsofafeatherf1.ockstogether.物以类聚.人以群分；2 .泛指某一类人或物.意为“任何一个，任一”。e.g.:ASt1.Uarehasfoursides.正方形有四条边。ACarmustbeinsured.汽车一定要上保险.Aso1.diermust«>bcyorders.军人必须服从命令.3 .当物质名诃具体化表示“一(类、阵、份)”等；抽象名诃具体化为“的人或者事”时“c.g.:GrccnteaisaWOnder(U1.tea.绿茶是-一种极好的茶。Wedon'thavemuchrainhere,but1.astnightwebadahcavrain.我们这里雨水不多，但昨晚下了一场大雨“Readingi、aD1.eaSUreforme.读书对我来说是,种乐趣，T1.iemeetingisaerea1.success.会议非常成功。4 .表示季节、月份、日期、三卷的名词，或表示世上独一无二的物体名词前有形容词修饰时。e.g.:WehaveHCVeIco1.dwinter1.astyear.去年我们有一个非常塞冷的冬天“ThishappenedonarainSundaytowardstheendofMay.这件事发生在五月底的个下雨的星期天。WehopewecanseeHfu1.1.moq>ntonight.我们希望今晚能看到满月。5 .源于动词的名词与take/have连用时,属于固定搭配e.g.:takea1.ook;takeawa1.k;haveabreak;haveavisitto.6 .用于某些固定词组中，屈于英语习惯用法及固定搭配的情形。e.g.:a1.1.ofasudden:asamatteroffact:asaresu1.t:asaru1.e:asawho1.e:aadistance;inaway:inahurry;inasense;inaword;dosb.afavour;haveagoodtime;haveawordwith;goforawa1.k:makeadifference;makeafoo1.ofonese1.f:makea1.iving:payavisit(o：takeaninterestin:(e1.1.a1.ie;agood/wiseknow1.edgeof;adanger/Ihrea1.tosb.;comeasaSurpriSC/shock;wishsb.aMcrrjrChristmas.二、定冠词the的用法：(一)普通名词前加定冠词的用法1 .表示特定的人或物，上文中提到的人或物，说话双方都熟悉的或能领会的人或物：e.g.:Thepenonthedeskbe1.ongstothegir1.standingbesideBet1.y.臾子上的钢笔是站在贝蒂旁边的那个女孩的。1.et'sgotoIhCstationtomeethim.我们去车站接他吧.2 .用于单数可数名词前，表示类别、整个族类或某项发明。eg:Thedo1.phinisaninte1.1.igentanima1.海豚是一种聪明的动物。TheComPaSSwasinventedinChinaabout2(X)0yearsago.指南针是大约2000年前在中国发明的.3 .用于表示方位,自然现象的名词前。eg:TheCOkIWin(Ifromthenorthcontributedtothedropofthetemperature.来自北方的冷风促成了气温的下降.Turn1.otheright.向右转。注：这些词与形容词连用时常用不定冠词.如：afairwind顺风4 .表示世上独一无二的事物前。e.g.:hesun.theearth,thesun.注：有形容诃修饰时要加不定冠词。如：afu1.1.moon;ab1.uesky.5 .表示乐器的名诃前。c.g.:p1.aythepiano,p1.aythevio1.in.注：体育运动项目前面不加(he.如：p1.ayftba1.1.p1.aybasketba1.1.,p1.ayvo1.1.eyba1.1.6 .用于某些形容词前表示一类人或物.c.g.:thepoor,therich,(heo1.d,IhCyoung,the1.iving,thedead,thewounded,thedeaf,theb1.ind,the1.earned,theaged,theunemp1.oyed,theaccused,thee1.der1.y.7 .用于复数姓氏前表示一家人或夫妇二人。c.g.:theWhites,theGreens,theObamas,theHus.8 .表示世纪'年代的名询前.c.g.:inthe20'hcentury,inthe1980s.9 .用于序数词或形容词的最高级前：或有on1.y,very,same,right,just等的名词前。e.g.:HewasIheOn1.vDCrSOnwhowasinvitedtotheba1.1.inhisoffice.1.indaisthec1.everestgir1.inhcrc1.ass.i.介词by表示计量时，其后表示“时间、长度、体积、面积”。e.g.:Penci1.sareso1.dbvIhedozen.铅笔论打出售。YougetPaidbvIhehour.你的工资是按小时付的.11.表示“抓、打人的某身体部位”时，身体部位的名词前要加定冠词。e.g.:ThewomantookmebvIhean.12 .用于后面带有修饰语句(介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语或定语从句)的名词前.e.g.:TokyoistheCaPita1.ofJapan.Heworkedinthefactorywhich1.iesinIheeast(>fIhCcity.13 .用于某些固定短语或句式。e.g.:intheyear2023.inthemoming/afternoon.inthebeginning,intheend.atthebeginningof：at(heendof,atthebackof,inIhemidd1.eof,inthecenterof,inthe<1.istance,at(heageof.attheJbotof,at（hetopof,ontheedgeof,bytheway,bytheen<1.of,intheformof,theotherday,beinthehabitof.havefb11nthehabitof.takethep1.aceof.tothepoint,on（hecontrar）.ontheotherhand,forthetimebeing,inthe1.ongrun,on（hedec1.ine,onthemarch.（一）专有名词前加定冠词的情况1 .用于江河、湖泊、海洋、海峡、海湾、群岛、山脉、沙漠等专有名诃前。e.g.:theYangtzeRiver长江,theRedSea红海江河海洋的名词前）theTaiwanStraits台湾海峡.theGu1.fofMexico墨西哥湾（海岐海湾的名诃前）theA1.ps阿尔隼斯山.（heSa1.mraDesert撤哈拉沙漠（用下山脉沙漠的名词前）2 .用于由普通名词和专有名词构成的国家、党派、组织、机构、公共建筑物或历史古迹等前。e.g.:thePeop1.e'sRepub1.icofChina中华人民共和国（用国家名称）theNaiiona1.GaHCry国家美术饵.hcMi1.itaryMuSCum军事博物饰公共建筑看前）IheS1.ateCoUnCi1.国务院.heSenate参议院，机关、团体名诃前）theHouseofRepresentatives众议院（机关、团体名词前）3 .用于报刊,杂志、会议、条约、时期、朝代、历史事件等专有名词前.e.g.:thePeop1.e'sDai1.y人民口报.theTimes泰晤士报，theAt1.anticPact大西洋公约,theMidd1.eAges中世纪,theMingDynaSty明代.theGenevaAgreement日内瓦协议,theWashingtonPost华盛顿邮报（用于报刊、条妁之前）4 .用于表示民族、国籍的专有名词前.c.g.:theBritish;theChinese三、零冠词的用法：1 .复数名词'抽象名词或物质名词表示泛指时.e.g.:Fai1.Ureis（hen）therofsuccess.（）PHRCrismadef11>mwo<x1.2 .表示季节'月份,日期'星期的名词或表示节假日的名词前。e.g.:inspring,onSunday,inJanuary,onChristmas.注：inthespringof2023,theSpringFestiva1.,theMid-Au1.umnFestiva1.3 .表示三黄、体育运动、学科、运输或通讯方式的名河前。e.g.:havebreakfast,p1.aybasketba1.1.I1.ikeEng1.ish,bybus.byte1.ephone,byemai1.4 .表示人名、地名、国名、街道名、大学、公园、车站、机场、港口、广场、桥梁等前.e.g.:Jack.1.ondon.Japan.ZhejiangUniversity.TianhePark.Tian'anmenSquare.注:theUniversityofToronto;thePhi1.ippines;theNether1.ands.(例外情况)5表示职务、官衔的名词做表语、同位语、补语时。e.g.:Wee1.ectedhimmonitor.6 .在IUnvg。作”变为，成为“，其后做表语的名词不加冠词：当“$引导让步状语从句时，从句中做表语的名诃要放在as前，A不加冠词：在以“名词+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中.名词前不加冠词.e.g.:Heused(obeamedica1.studentbeforeheturnedwriter.Chi1.dasheis.heknowsa1.ot.Amanranover,swordinhand.7 .当man作"人类"、space作“太空"、nature作"自然界"、society作"社会"、heaven作“天堂、天国”时不用冠词。8 .在称呼语呼不加冠词.e.g.:Comein.bov.Whatareyoudoing,mum?Whatsthematter,GrannY'>9 .交通工具名诃前不用冠用c.g.:bycar,byship,byp1.ane,onRwt.10 .在某些固定词组中。e.g.:athome,writeinpenci1(=writewithapenci1.),atdaybreak,a(surprise,atdawn,atnoon,atdusk,atsunset,atsundown,atnight,dayandnight,dayafterday,daybyday,handinhand,sidebyside,fromtoptobottom,frombeginningtoend,fromcasttowest,fromtnorningti1.1.nigh.四、在一些短语中，有无冠词意义大不相同，如：eg:byday在白天：by(heday按天计算incaseof如果.万一：in1.hccaseof就来说inchargeof负黄，管理；inthechargeof由负责gotoChUrdVschoo1.去做礼拜/去学习：go(othechurch/schoo1.到教堂去/学校去OutofquestiontSXfet1.nJ:outofthequestion不可能的注：有些短语意义一样，但写法却不同。On(hewho1.e=asawho1.e大体Jt就整体来看take.forexamp1.e=take.asanexamp1.e以为例五、冠词的特殊位置1.不定冠词在感叹句中e.g.:Whata1.ove1.ydayi(is!=How1.ove1.yadayi(is!2 .不定冠词与such,so,as,too连用c.g.:Heissuchafamouswriterthat.=Heissofamousawriterthat.Thisisasdifficu1.taprob1.emastheonewemetyesterday.It'stooexpensiveacarfbrmetoa11brd.3 .不定冠词与ha1.f.many,quite,rather连用时e.g.:ha1.fadozenofeggs;ha1.fanhourManyaRoodmanhasbeendestroyedbydrink.许多好人都毁在了饮泗上。quiteagoodidea/'ratheraco1.dwinter注：anhourandaha1.f,oneandaha1.fhours4 .定冠词与a1.1.both.ha1.f,doub1.e等连用e.g.:A1.1.thestudentsfee1.theyareundertoomuchpressure.Ha1.ftheaudiencewereboredwiththemovie.Ipaiddoub1.etheprice.六、泛指概念的四种表达方式(易错点，此处做重点强调)1 .不带Ihe的不可数名词可以表示泛指c.g.:I1.ikemusic.我再欢音乐.2 .不带the的发数可数名词表示泛指e.g.:BananaSareye1.1.ow.香痴是黄色的。3 .“the+单数可数名词”可以表示泛指e.g.:Thee1.ephantisthe1.argest1.andmamma1.大象是陆地上及大的哺孔动物。4 .“不定冠词aan+单数可数名词”可以表示泛指.e.g.:Adogmakesgoodpet.狗是很好的宠物。冠词测试题%单项选择1. Thevisitorsherearegreat1.yimpressedbythefactthatpeop1.efroma1.1.wa1.ksof1.ifeareworkinghardfornewJiangsu.A.不堪：aB.不填：IhCC.the：aD.the：the2. Everythingcomeswithprice;(hereisnosuchthingasfree1.unchinthewor1.d.A.a.aB.the,/C.the,aD.a./3. Many1.ifesty1.ePauemSdosuchgreatha11ntohea1.ththattheyactua1.1.yspeedupweakeningofthehumanbody.(2010高考英语浙江卷,2)A.a:/B./;theC.a:theD./：/4. Inmostcountries,auniversitydegreecangiveyouyingstartin1.ife.the:aB.the:不填C.不填：不填D.不填:a5. Ifwesitnearfrontofthebus,wc,1.1.havebetterview.不填：theB.不填：aC.(he:aD.the；the6. T1.iereareover58.(XX)rockyobjectsinspace,about9(X)ofwhichcou1.dfa1.1.downontoearth.the:theB.不填：theC.the:不填D.a:the7. It'sg<x1.fee1.ingk>rpeop1.etoadmiretheShanghaiWor1.dExpo(hatgiveshernp1.easure.A.不填：aB.a：不填C.the:aD.a:the8. Firs1.impressionsarethemost1.asting.Afteru1.1.,younevergetsecondChanCCIomakefirstimpression.A.a:theB. the:theC. a:aD. the;a9. Ashereachedfrontdoor,Jacksawstrangesight.the:不埴B.a:theC.不填aD.(he;a10. Asisknowtoa1.1.Peo1.e,sRepub1.icofChinaisBiggesideve1.opingcountryinthewor1.d.A.(he;不填B.不填：(heC.the;theD.不填；不填11. Dr.PcterSpcne,headmasteroftheschoo1.,Iok1.us,fifthofpupi1.sheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.A.不填；AB.不填：TheC.(he:TheD.a:A12. It,ssaidJohnwi1.1.beinajobpayingover860,00yearHea1.sogetpaidbyweek.A.the:(heB.a：theC.D.a:a13. Itisgcnc11d1.yacceptedthatboymustIcamtostandupandf1.ght1.ikeman.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;不填14. Expertsthinkthatrecent1.ydiscoveredpaintingmaybePicasso.A.(he.不填B.a;theC.a:不填D.the;a15. Takeyourtimc-it,sjustshortdistancefromheretorestaurant.A.不施theB.a:theC.the:aD.不填：a16. Incommunication,asmi1.eisusua1.1.ystrongsignofafriend1.yandopenattitude.A.the,/B.a,anC.a./D.the.an二、用"a,an.ihe填空1. Haveniceday.2. Doyou1.ikespiders?3. Wou1.dyou1.ikeapp1.e?4. Wherearcscissors?5. IhadargunientwithJo.6. Wceatcerea1.forbreakfast.7. Youcanhave1.astpieceofchoco1.ate.8. Iusua1.1.yhaveshowerin(hemorning.9. Idon,tunderstandquestion.10. Ithinkbankc1.osesat5o'c1.ock11. Janc1.ikessugarinhertea.12. Didyougotodoctor,s?13. Iuseinteme1.a1.ot.14. IdrinkwaterwhenIamthirsty.15. Youwatchtoomuchte1.evision!16. It,sbitco1.dinhere.17. Ireceivedinterestingemai1.fromJo.18. Iwi1.1.forwardemai1.toyou.19. Imissedmyappointmentbecausetrafficwasbad.20. 1amcrazyaboutreadinghistor),bks.21. Excuseme.Haveyougottime?22. IwantnewprinterforChristmas.23. Iwasfour(hefirsttimeIsawe1.ephant.24. IspoketobossthismorningabouthavingnextFridayoff.25. Itwasexcitingmovie.26. Shehadboi1.edeggforbreakfast.27. Haveniceday.28. Wheredidyoubuyoranges?29. app1.eadaykeepsthed<toraway.30. ava1.anche(雪崩)ki1.1.edfourskiersinAustriatoday.31. hugeaperanouiofthefbre*uandsto1.enypicnichamper.32. Canyoute1.1.mewaytothepostoffice,p1.ease?33. Mystudents1.iketodotheiractivitybks1.yingonf1.oor.34. Saman1.hasboughtanewcar.Itsredone,parkednext1.othatmo1.orbikc.35. I1.ikethisjumperbutitbrown.Haveyougotitindifferentco1.our?36. IrSsuchnicedaythatIthink1.1.goandreadnybookinthepark.37. RiverThamesf1.owsrightth11)ughthemidd1.eof1.ondon.38. -Isaweag1.ehoveringhighabovetheva1.1.ey.测试题参考答案选择题15：ADBDC：5IO：BBCDC10-16：ABADBC填空题1.a2./3.an4.the5.an6./7.the8.a9.Ihc10.the1.1./12.(he13.hc14./15./16.a17.an18.the19.(he20./21.the22.a23.ai)24.the25.an26.a27.a28.the29.An30.An31.A32.the33.the34.the35.a36.a37.The38.an