10选择性必修四Unit1语法语法被动语态复习.docx

10选择性必修四Unit1.语法：语法精讲精练被动语态复习一、被动语态语法图解广被动调态两种常用优况IV被语习动态T，动语态变为被动语为应注范的叫种情况I被动一态和过去分词作我语的差访T常见上功衣被动的情况不用懿动语态的及物动词曲丽1 .被动语态常用于以下两种情况：1.不知道谁是动作的执行存.或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者.Riceisgrownin(hesouthofChina.中国前方仲枝求精2 .强圜动作的承受者.ThetreeWasbrokenbythatboy.这株例是那令男孩弄断的，I1.将主动语态变为被动语态应注意的四种情况1 .含双其语的主动结构变为被动结构时.有两种方法：(I)间接宾语变为主语，互接宾语不变：(2)直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词I。或foriJ,Heto1.dusastory.他给我们谢秋事。Wcwereto1.dastorybyhim.我们听(他科)故事。Astorywas(o1.dtousbyhim.故事由他怜我们讲.2 .动词短语视为一个整体,其后的介词或剧词不能省略.Shewi1.1.takegoodcareofthechi1.dren.她杵会好好做顾孩子们.-Thechi1.drenwi1.1.betakenjoodcareofbyher.孩子们将由他余好好照铺.3 .双合句通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略UJ的不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to必须补上.SomeonesawhimswimintheIakeyesterday.咋天人看见他在湖里瘠沐.Hewasseentoswiminthe1.akeyesterday,咋天他被看见在湖里洋泳.4 .特殊疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：一般用“By+疑问词”开头。Whohasbrokenthecup?诳打碎了杯子？Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?杯子校谁打碎了？【即学即然】完成句子MyEng1.ishnameisWa1.ter.ItWaSgivenbymyEngIiShProfeSSOrwhenIwasat（heuniversity.我的英文名义沃尔特，龙我上大学时我的英语技授裕取的。HermoneyhasbeenrunOUtOfandherpatienceisa1.sorunningout.她的线已经用完了，的讨心也要托尽了.IWaSmadeCrybythemovingmovie.我被这部感人的电影弄哭了.HI.被动语态和过去分词作表语的差别I.意义荽别：被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或犷物的特征及状态.ThCwindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。2.川法差别：过去分诃作表语时接近形容词的特征,可以被so.very,to。等程度剧词修饰：而被动喑态则不能用so,very,too等修饰，葡用much,verymuch,somuch,toomuch等修饰.Hewasveryinterestedinscience.他计科学有极大的兴葩。（系表结构）IwassomuchSUrPriMxIatthescenethat1didn'tknowwhattodo.我被那种埼面摘得大吃一惊,不如所拈，（被动语态）【即学即练2】判断下列句子是被动语态还是系表结构Iwasp1.easedtohearyou'vebeenPromoied.系表结构Hewasp1.easedbyhisteacher'sPriIiSe.被动语态IwasquitesurprisedwiththeSignifkaneCofthefindings.系友结松1EVCTyonCwassurprisedbythespeedwithwhichthedisputewassett1.ed.A¾i'iIv常见主动表被动的情况1 .有些动诃(CUt»se1.1.read,write,fi1.1.cook.1.ock.wash,drive,keep等)常用E动形式表被动Thispenwritessmooth1.y.这支钠氧写起来很液Thiscarse1.1.swe1.1.这车很畅铸。2 .在某些形容词(hard,difficu1.t,easy,heavy,fit.good.Portab1.e,convenient,impossib1.e,convenient,cheap,expensive等)后的不定式用主动形式表被动，Eng1.ishiseasyto1.earn.英语很容易学Theboxisheavytocarry.这箱子充得输不动3 .在“半系动词+形容词''结构中，如1.ook,sme1.1.,taste,sound,fee1.,prove,turnout等，常用主动形式发被动.ThCfoodinthisrestauranttastesgd.这索然谊的t菜味道很好ThCnewsturnedout(tobe)true.这消息原来把A的。4 .need,want,require,deserve,beworth后面接动诃加X形式时主动表被动.Thenove1.kor(hreading.这本小说值得一读.Theo1.dhouserequiresrepairing.这所旧房子宵关修理【即学即练3】单句语法填空(DThkkindofknifecuts(cut)we1.1.YoUrwritingisrea1.1.ydifficu1.ttoyad(rcad>.Theyarea1.1.masterpiecesworthreadingread).V.有些及物动词或短语不用于被动语态如：fit.have,wish,cost,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveatin.shakehandswith,succeedin,sut1.erfrom,happento.takepartin.be1.ongto.datefrom,backto等。Doyouajrevwiththedea1.?你同意这个交易吗？Itistruethatwemaysufferfromfai1.urefromtimetotime.However,itisimportantthatwenever1.osetheenthusiasmtokeepontr>ng.的确，我们有时会道交失败，然而，更委的是我们永远枳笑失去继埃努力的热情。【即学即练4】完成句子(IjDadto1.dmethatibe1.ongedgme.金在告诉我.坏是我的。Thetraditionofdrinking1.eaMcSback1.o/from3000BCEinChina.在中国喝茶的传绒能追溯到公元前3000年二、单句语法填空I1. The1.itt1.ehome(ainwhite,hwasSWgtandfresh.2. Itisca1.cu1.atedbydividingapersonsweightinkgbytheirheightinmetressquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25(consider)hea1.thy.3. Peop1.etendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshou1.d(p1.ace)on1.ongevity(寿).4. Theartistwassurehewou1.d(choose),butWhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetoIheenpcrorchiefminister,theo1.dman1.aughed.5. Onthe1.astdayofourweek-1.ongstay,we(inritc)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifu1.tannontheNorthShoreunder(hestars.6. It(bui1.d)Ongina1.1.ytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeenp1.ctc1.yrestored(修复).7. Itdoesn'timpress1.ikeGeorgeWashington'sp1.antationonthePotomac,but1.inco1.n'shomeindowntownSpringfie1.d.I1.1.inois.(prove)irresistib1.etoViSitUr5sinceitopenedtothepub1.ic.X.Manyaway(use)topreventthepo1.1.ution,buttheskyissti1.1.notc1.ear.9.Theyarvnove1.s,p1.aysandpoemsthat(write)a1.ongtimeagoandweresowe1.1.writtenthatpeop1.esti1.1.readthemnowadays.1.1 1havebeeninformed(hattheexhibition(ho1.d)nextweek.11. Theyaregoing(send)toworkinTibetfortwoyears.12. Doyouhaveanyprob1.emsifyou(oftcr)thisjob?We1.1.,mthinkingabout(hesa1.ary.13. ThoughWCdon'tknowwhatisbeingdiscussed,yetwecanfee1.thetopic(change).14. Muchprogress(make)inChinawiththehe1.pofthepeop1.eshardwork.15. Nowadays,morenewtechno1.ogies(app1.y)inthefie1.dofIT.16. Theshopassistantwasdismissedasshe(accuse)ofcheatingcustomers.17. Youarcnota1.1.owedtogointothemeetingroom.Asecretp1.an(discuss)there.18. Thesurfaceofthistab1.efee1.ssosmooth.1thinkitiswe1.1.worth(buy).19. PicmanagerwashappytoIearn1.haIfour-fifthsofthetickets(book).20. Havingatripabroadiscertain1.ygoodtorthestudents,butitremains(see)whethertheywi1.1.enjoyit.21. Manyastudent(send)top1.anttessofar.22. Ifyouarccaughtsmokinginthisarea,you(fine)bythepo1.ice.23. Whatwi1.1.youdoifyou(bite)bymosquitoesathisvcr)moment?24. Inrecvn1.years,StrCsS(regard)asacauseofawho1.erangeofmedica1.prob1.ems,frmhighb1.oodpressuretomenta1.i1.1.ness.25. Steamengines(use)(opu1.1.thecarriagesanditmusthaveZCnfair1.yunp1.easantforthepassengers,witha1.1.thesmokeandnoise.26. Sing1.cuscp1.asticbagsarcusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey(throw)away.27. UPio30percentoffood1.osswasfoundduringm>ers,storageinSOmeareasinAfiriea.and21percentoffoodintheUnitedStates(waste)duringdai1.yconsumption,Wuto1.dEconomicDai1.y.28. VrhcnIfina1.1.yS1.ePPCdoutofthetrees,theviewwasbreathtaking.Aneag1.et1.cwoverthesnowcappedmountains,which(ref1.ect)inthesti1.1.1.akebe1.ow.29. ThetaoraySpringSummer202()(show)forthefirsttimeonthewor1.dstageofNewYorkFashionWeekwheretraditionmetmodernity.30. I1.uniansarcexp1.orerssincethedawnofcivi1.ization.We(attract)overthehorizontofindfoodormorespace,orjusttoseewhatbeyondthosetreesormountainsoroceans.31. Gabrie1.aworkedforamu1.tinationa1.Pdnyasasuccessfu1.projectmanagerinBrazi1.and(choose)tomanageateaminSweden.32. Anima1.s(ki1.1.)tortheirfurandfeathers,especia1.1.yinthepasttewdecadessimp1.ybecausetheywereintheway.33. Someexperts,whoshowdisapprova1.oftheproject,arguethattherecou1.dbedamagetothesea1.ifeandthatthemarineecosystemmay(NPIaCe)bydry1.and.34. Inthetraditiona1.Chinese1.unarYear,eachyear(give)anameof12kindsofanima1.s.35. Thecity(recognize)asthemusica1.capita1.ofEuropesincethe16hcentury,hontothe1.ikesofMozartandBeeihoven.36. Atpresent,a1.otofnewequipment(deve1.op)bythisPanytomeetnewneeds.37. ItisnotthefirsttimethatimmenseamountsofStatcoiartteachingequipment(de1.iver)tothePovcr1.ysirickcnregions.38. Zhangjiajic(award)thetit1.eof'*Wor1.dGeo1.ogica1.Park*'in2014.39. Shewascaughdrunkdriving1.astyear,andthereforeshefromdrivingtor5years.(ban)40. Inrecentyears,gatCfIfot1.S(oreduceairpo1.1.ution(make),but(herearesti1.1.manythingswecando.41. MOnwindydays,wehadtoho1.ddownthepaperon(hedesk,whichwou1.dotherwise(b1.ow)away；*hesaid.42. Traditiona1.Chinesemedicine(TCM)isahea1.thcaresysteminWhIChpatients(treat)withnatura1.p1.ant,anima1.andminera1.remedies(药物).43. Thestudentsworkedhardontheir1.essonsandfina1.1.ytheirefforts(reward)withsuccess.44. BytheIIthcentury,passes(use)byChinesetonavigatetheirshipsatsea.45. WhydidyouthrowIhebo111.eoutofthewindow?Somebodycou1.d(hurt).46. Wcarcproudthatsomestudentsofourschoo1.(invo1.ve)withthemakingoftheamazingvideo.47. Manyta1.entedwriters(honour)atthespecia1.ceremonyhe1.d1.astweek.48. I1.(report)thatsomeotherwi1.danima1.sarekeptandstudiedattheresearchcenter.49. hccarniva1.he1.dinourschoo1.1.astweek(sponsor)bysevera1.famousgraduates.50. Wea1.1.fee1.itisJackaswe1.1.ashiswifethatis(b1.ame)fortheirson'sbadperformanceatschoo1.【笞案】I.waspainted2,isconsidered3.bep1.aced4,bechosen5.wereinvited6.wasbui1.t7.hasproved/proven8.hasbeenused9.werewritten10.wi1.1.behe1.d11.(obesent12.areOfYcred13.hasbeenchanged14.isbeingmade15.arcbeingapp1.ied16.wasaccused17.isbeingdiscussed18.buying19.hadbeenbooked20.tobeseen21.hasbeensent22.wi1.1.befined23.arcbeingbitten24.hasbeenregarded25.wereused26.arethrown27.waswasted28.wereref1.ected29.wasshown30.havebeenattracted31.waschosen32.havebeenki1.1.ed33.berep1.aced34.isgiven35.hasbeenrecognized36.isbeingdeve1.oped37,havebeende1.ivered38.wasawarded39.wasbanned40,havebeenmade41,beb1.own42.aretreated43.wererewarded44.hadbeenused45.havebeenhurt46.areinvo1.ved47,werehonoured48.isreported49,wassponsored50.tob1.ame三、高考真Je回顾：1. （2023全闰甲卷）Carsonprovesthatasimp1.e1.yricfb11nIha1.hasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescansti1.1.（emp1.oy）todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.2. （2022全国乙卷）Havingvisitedsevera1.timesoverthe1.astIOyears.I（amaze）bythecoexistenceofo1.dandnew.andhowaCiIywasab1.e（okeepsucharichheritage（遗尸七）whi1.econstant1.ygrowing.3. （2022全国卷I）ThCGPNP（design）toref1.ecttheguidingprincip1.eof"protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity（完引性）ofnatura1.ecosystems.4. （2021全国甲卷）It（bui1.d）origina1.1.ytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeenp1.ctc1.yrestored（修发）.5. （2020全国I卷）Thepansofamuseumopentothepub1.ic（ca1.1.）ga1.1.eriesorrooms.6. （2019天津卷）Amy.aswe1.1.asherbrothers,（give）awarmWdCwhenre1.umingtothevi1.1.age1.astweek.7. （2018浙江卷）Isti1.1.remembervisitingafriendwho1.1.ivedhereforfiveyearsandI（shock）whenIIcamtshehadn'tcookedonceina1.1.thattime.X.（201.7任国I）Whenfatandsa1.t（remove）fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.【答案与解析】1.it?析】考查谓态句懑，卡森证明r一种荷单的抒情形式,已经代代相传,今天仍然可以用来吸引人们Xjii要f1.理的关注。从句主语asimp1.e1.yricform与emp1.oy之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，情态动词can后接动词朦形。故埴beemp1.oyed。2 .【解析】考性语态.根拉;空后的by可知.此处用被动形式刃外从后面的时态来看，用一般过去时.故坨wasamazed3 .【解析】考杳时态错态和主调一致。分析句子可知,空处在句中作谓谙.和句f的主语ThCGP、P之间为被动关系：叙述客观事实，应用般现在时.故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数,谓语应用单数形式。故埴isdesigned.4.1解析】考查动词时态谱态“"origina1.1.y*一词可知此处描述过去的事ff1.h主谓"It”和bui1.d之间是被动关系,所以般过去时的被动语态。故填WaSMik，【解析】考在动词时春语态.句意：睥物馆向公众开放的部分称为ii胤或房间，句子主语是一个表物的发数形式，用被动”而R根据上下文可知，应用现在时.故埴a»CaHCd，6【解析】本题考杳时态诙态和主谓双,句点：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎由时间状谓IaS1.W8k可知陶阳一般过去时，aswc1.1.as连接并列主谙谓语动词就前原则,即这句话真正的主谱是Amy.故用单数：市句意可知川IR过去时的被动谙态.Aiftwasgiven.7.Wtfr1.考住涧语动词的时态和语态。此处衣示我被雀惊J'。sh。Ck的主活是I,两者关系是被动，动作发生在过去。故埴wasshocked.X【解析】考之谓语动词的时态和语态.根4；语境可知此处用一般现在时,由于主语Standsak是复数概念,旦与remove是被动美系，所以川陵现在时的被动语态结构aeremsM四、语篇语法填空I(I)InmuchofAsia,especia1.1.ytheso-ca1.1.ed*riccbow,cu1.turesofChina,Japan.Korea,andVietnam,food_1(eat)withchopsticks.Chops1.icksareusua1.1.ytwo1.ong,thinpiecesofwoodorbamboo.Theycana1.sobemadeofp1.astic,anima1.boneormeta1.Sometimeschopsticksarcquiteartistic.Tru1.ye1.egantchopsticksmight2(make)ofgo1.dandsi1.verwithChinesecharacters.Ski1.1.edworkersa1.sobine(组合)varioushardwoodsandmeta1.3(create)specia1.designs.TheChinesehaveusedchopstickstor5,000years.Peop1.eprobab1.ycookedtheirtb<xiin1.argepots,_4(use)twigs(树枝)1.oremoveit.Over1.ime,5thepopu1.ationgrew,peop1.ebegancuttingfoodintosnw1.1.piecessoitwou1.dcookmorequick1.y.Foodinsma1.1.piecescou1.dbeeateneasi1.ywithtwigswhich6(gradua1.)turnedintochops1.icks.SOnKpeop1.ethinkthatthegreatChinesescho1.arConfucius,71.ivedfromrough1.y551479BCE.int1.ucnccd(he8(deve1.op)ofchopsticks.Contuciusbe1.ievedkniveswou1.dremindpeop1.eOfki1.1.ingsand2-(be)toovio1.enttouseatthetab1.e.ChopsticksarcnotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexamp1.e,mostpeop1.etraditiona1.1.ycat10theirhands.【解析】本文是一篇说明大。之重主要介?3了亚洲一些国家使用的吃瓜工具筷子。I.iseaten考变动词的时态、语态和主谓一ft.用筷子吃食的M再现率实，应用一般现4时：bod和et之间为被功关系，应用一役现在叶的轼动语态；主语Cod为不可教名词，be动词用is。AYAiscaien.Ibcmade有爻动词的语态。Sthbema加Of意为"某物电制成K本空位于精态动词后.be动词应用原*九故填bemade.3. tocreate考爻非谓语动河，分析句子姑峋可知，句中已有谓语动词bine,此处应为非谓语动河，作目的4kt应用动冏不定式故地tocreate.4. using考查非谓语动词use的泛样主语是PCOPE二者之间是主动关系.应用现在分词附式作权活.表伴随故埴USingo5. Wwbcn考走时间状语从句。这里是升向状语从句.awwhen0为'当时候故埴於'when。6. gradua1.1.y考至副沏空处修饰动诃妞语mmedinu),在学中作状语，应川副河故填gradua1.1.y.7. who考受定语从句。句中有遑号，说明是3"艮制性定语从句，光打谓是Conft1.CiU$,指人，关系谓在从句中作主语，应用关系代词WhCK放填Who8. deve1.opment考查名词the+名词+M:r的,这2指'凑子的发展工应用名河.故也deve1.opmento9. were考女动词的时态和主说一技be1.ieved后果一个实沿从句.and连挂两个并列的谓语.根提NOUki可知，应用一根过去时：主语knives是S,鼓，根据主滑一致的原则可知，此处应用WCreo故堆WCreo10. with与S介词。“with+表用具体工具的名词，表示'用“。Mwith.(2)COV1.D-19haski1.1.ednear1.y18.000peop1.einIta1.yandnear1.y90,000peop1.ewor1.dwide.I(surprise),the103-ycar-o1.dwomanfromIta1.y,AdaZanusso.hassunrivcdCOV1.D-19.She1.ivedthroughthepandemicof19182(ki1.1.)50mi1.1.ionpeop1.ewor1.dwide.'Tmwe1.1.；mWCnJZanussosaid.Shespokewith(hereportersovervideofromahome3o1.derpeop1.eintheNorthernIta1.iantownof1.cssona1.ive.,*1watchVandreadnewspapers/'sheadded.When4(ask)aboutherfightagainstCOVID-I9fcZanussosimp1.ysaid.oIhadsomefever/'COVID-19cancauseminor(轻微)ormoderate(中度)5(sick).Mostofthosewhoareinfectedrecover.Butthosewithexistinghea1.thprob1.emsando1.derpeop1.e1.ikeZanussoare6higherriskofmoreseriousi1.1.nessorevendeath.Car1.aFurnoMarchese71.(be)Zanusso,sfami1.ydoctorfor35years.ShesaidZanussowassickforoneweek.*Wcthoughtshewasn'tgoingtomakeitbecauseshewasa1.waysg(s1.eep)andnotreacting/PurnoMarchcscsaid.1.'Oncdaysheopenedhereyesagainand9(continue)doingwhatsheusedtodobefore；*thedoctoradded.VVhathe1.pedhergetthn>ugh10i1.1.ness?Courage,strengthandfaith/*Zanussosaid.【解析】本文是一篇记叙工文章法送了103岁的急大利老人新玩凉艮I.Surprising1.y考受副询。数处仔饰整个句子，应用副词，表示“令人惊讶地是“；住于句背，单词首字母应大写iASurprising1.yo2. ki1.1.ing考查非谓诵动词分析句子结构可知.ki1.1.在此处应为非谓语动词.作后JE发语.修饰thepandemicof1918,两者之刈为泛材上的主谓关系，应用现在分词。故堆ki1.1.ing。3. where考全定语从句设空处引导定语从句.先行网为ahomc.关杀词在从句中停电点伏溥,应用关系J词where”故如where-4. asked考交*谓话动词。此处是叶同权治从句,当从句的主语与主句主语一致，红从句的谓语中公有be动词计,可以省略从句的主招和be动词。补充克整为：When(shewas)askedabouther.故埴asked。5. sickness考查名河此处作动的cause的宾语，被格容的minor和moderate修饰,应用名河,41填sickness.6a考全介词。a1.risk意为“在风险中二为固定标语，故地a°7. hasbeen考查动冏的时态和主谓一致.根据句中的时同状语hr35years可知,此处应用现在光成时：X谯Car1.aFumoMarchesc为第三人称单文，助动阿应用ha$”故填hasbeen.8. s1.eepy考金形宋词。此处作从句的表语,应用形宏词。itUs1.eepy.9. continued考走动网的时态祖典句中的并列连词and和询涛。PCnCd町此处应用一批比去时。故培Con1.iiwcdo10. the岑至冠词。此处i1.1.ness，*指上文提到的CoVID19.应用定一词。*U*the(3)Thewinnen>ofthe2023HugoAwardsjhcwor1.d's1.opprizesforsciencefiction!iterature.1(announce)onSaturdaynight,withChineseauthorHaiYa2(take)hometheBestNove1.etteawardfor,'TheSpaccTimcPainter.mHebecamethethirdChinesewritertowinaHugoaward31.iuCixinin2015andHaoJingfangin2016.HaiYafoundmuch4(inspire)fromapaintingmasterpiece.Qian1.iJiangshanTu,orPanoramaofRiversandMountains,byWangXimcngfromtheSongDynasty(9601279).HaiYahaswoventhestoryofWang,s1.ifeintoathri1.1.erthat5(bine)thee1.ementsoftraditiona1.Chinesecu1.tureandhistorywithscftanddetectivegenres.6 (mode1.)onthe1.ifeofWang.IIaiYahascreatedthecharacterofpaintingprodigy(>1)ZhaoXimcng.whopaintedfor7emperormorethan1.000yca11>ago.Aftermuchmscr>,andsuftcring.thepainter'smindabandonshisphysica1.bodyandentersaspacewhen?amodernpo1.iceOf1.ker8(1.ook)intoacaseaboutanancientpaintingatthetime.Thestoryrevea1.sthepo1.itica1.changesoftheperiod9thepaintingwascreated.TheHugoAwards,firstpresentedin1953andpresentedIO(annua1.)since1955,aresciencefiction'smostprestigiousawards.HieHugoAWardSarevotedonbymembersoftheWor1.dScienceFiccionConvention,whichisa1.soresponsib1.etoradminstcnngthem.【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。立奖说明了2Q23年世界科幻文学改商奖项“雨果